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Biomedical subjects

D Johnstone

Publications and source records attributed to D Johnstone.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Antibodies to calcitonin-gene related peptide reduce inflammation induced by topical mustard oil but not that due to carrageenin in the rat.

The influence of prior immunization to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was examined on responses in two models of inflammation plasma: protein extravasation following topical application of mustard oil to the hind paw, and changes in paw volume following subplantar injection of carrageenin. In rats with antibodies to CGRP, there was an approximately 50% decrease compared to the control animals in extravasation, measured by the Evans blue method after topical mustard oil. In contrast, there was no difference in the inflammatory response to carrageenin in control and immunized rats. The results indicate that CGRP, which is probably released from the peripheral endings of cutaneous primary afferents, plays a role in the inflammatory response to mustard oil, but not carrageenin.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1989

High-resolution NMR imaging of an antigen-induced arthritis in the rabbit knee.

High-resolution, serial, spin-echo images were obtained for an antigen-induced knee arthritis in six rabbits. The animals were imaged prior to intra-articular challenge and at various time points up to 14 weeks after challenge. Extensive high-signal inflammatory changes were seen at Day 1 in the lymph node, capsule, and surrounding muscle. The muscle and lymph node response decreased rapidly after the first week. The capsule high-signal area reached a maximum at Day 10, but was still extensive at Day 39. The infrapatellar fat pad was replaced more slowly by high signal and the appearance of high signal in both the tibia and femur was a late change. Terminal histological examination showed that the capsule and fat pad high-signal areas corresponded to fibrous and synovial proliferation. The bone changes were a result of edema and cyst formation. The separation of the various time courses of the inflammatory changes may be of value in understanding the model and evaluating potential anti-arthritic drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

An outbreak of Serratia marcescens infection following urodynamic studies.

Serratia marcescens was isolated from the urine of five patients, two of whom subsequently developed septicaemia with other Gram-negative bacilli. Four of the five patients had undergone urodynamic investigation. An inadequately sterilized re-usable rectal balloon was identified as the source of infection.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Malignant hyperthermia: a dilemma for the cardiac surgeon.

Malignant hyperthermia is an inherited disease of skeletal muscle characterized by acute elevations of body temperature. The hyperthermic crisis is triggered by a variety of drugs and by volatile anesthetics or it may occur in response to stress. In this report the authors describe the case of a patient with malignant hyperthermia who underwent emergency aortocoronary bypass surgery for unstable angina. They outline the anesthetic and surgical management for individuals susceptible to hyperthermic crises who require open-heart surgery.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Spontaneous electrical activity in muscles of dystrophic (dy/dy) mice.

Spontaneous electrical activity of tibialis anterior (TA) muscles was recorded using extracellular electrodes in dystrophic and phenotypically normal mice. Abnormal levels of spontaneous activity were recorded in the muscles of adult dystrophic mice. The activity was reduced by more than 75% after sciatic nerve section in anaesthetised dystrophic mice suggesting that most of the activity was neurally mediated. No abnormal activity was seen in the biceps brachii muscles of adult dystrophic mice. No abnormal spontaneous activity was seen in young (2-3-week-old) dystrophic mice. As degeneration of muscle fibres begins at about 7 days of age in dystrophic hindlimb muscles, the onset of the abnormal spontaneous EMG activity could not be considered causally related to muscle fibre degeneration.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Control of a hospital outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: value of an isolation unit.

An outbreak of methicillin- and gentamicin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections started in a university hospital after a patient, who was not known to be colonized, was admitted. During a 3-month period 15 surgical or geriatric patients and five staff were found to be infected or colonized by the epidemic strain in five surgical/orthopaedic wards, a geriatric ward, the intensive care unit and the isolation unit. Difficulties in controlling the outbreak arose when two patients who initially had negative bacteriological screening results were returned to general wards. Both patients were subsequently shown to be colonized and caused outbreaks which led to the further closure of two general wards. There was strong circumstantial evidence to suggest that physiotherapy staff were involved with the spread of the epidemic strain. Control of the outbreak was achieved by more strict isolation of 'negative' patient contacts as well as colonized/infected patients and increasing the level of staffing on the separate isolation unit.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1984

A developmentally regulated disappearance of slow myosin in fast-type muscles of the mouse.

Histochemistry and immunocytochemistry using an antibody to adult rat slow-type myosin demonstrated that about 10% of the fibers in the mouse extensor digitorum longus and semimembranosus muscles contain slow myosin during the first month after birth. In adult animals, these muscles have only 0-08% slow myosin-containing fibers. These results demonstrate a developmentally linked disappearance of an adult-type myosin, and show that the adult phenotype of muscle fibers is not necessarily determined before birth as previously suggested.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Serial assessment of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity with quantitative radionuclide angiocardiography.

We measured cardiac performance sequentially, using quantitative radionuclide angiocardiography to estimate left ventricular ejection fraction in 55 patients receiving doxorubicin for treatment of cancer. With final doxorubicin dosages greater than 350 mg per square meter, the lowest ejection fraction measured was significantly less than the initial determination. Five patients had severe cardiotoxicity (congestive heart failure). All had an ejection fraction of less than 30 per cent at the time of heart failure, and demonstrated moderate cardiotoxicity (a decline in ejection fraction by at least 15 per cent to a final value of less than 45 per cent) before clinical manifestations. Six patients with moderate toxicity in whom doxorubicin was discontinued did not have heart failure or a further decline in ejection fraction during the follow-up period. Moderate toxicity was continued, but mild toxicity (decline of ejection fraction by greater than 10 per cent, noted in 11 patients) was not well predicted. The assessment of radionuclide left ventricular ejection fraction during doxorubicin therapy may make it possible to avoid congestive heart failure.

Adult↗