Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Jacobs

Publications and source records attributed to D Jacobs.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Minoxidil experience in Australia 1974-1980.

Minoxidil was used by 27 investigators for the treatment of severe refractory hypertension which had failed to respond to extensive multiple therapy. Blood pressure was controlled in 71 of 101 patients. The most common side effects were fluid retention and hypertrichosis. In 71% of patients the drug was withdrawn because of intolerance.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Distortion in self-reported height and weight data.

The validity of self-reported height and weight data was examined in a large population of adult men and women. On the average, women reported weights lower than actual, with the amount of discrepancy increasing as weight increased. At low weights, men on the average reported weighing more than their actual weights while at higher weights they reported weighing less. Women tended to report heights which were slightly less than their actual heights, with the discrepancy increasing with increasing height. Men tended to report heights which were more than their actual heights; this tendency decreased with increasing height.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Attempt to infect nonmalignant nasopharyngeal epithelial cells from humans and squirrel monkeys with Epstein-Barr virus.

With the use of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), attempts were made to infect epithelial nasopharyngeal explant cell cultures prepared from nonmalignant human and squirrel monkey tissue. Explants were exposed to EBV from both HR-1 and B95-8 cells and examined for EBV-specific antigens by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. Among the human specimens, no epithelial nasopharyngeal were found that could be infected with EBV. However, similar explants derived from squirrel monkey tissue were infected. The results were consistent with the hypothesis that EBV can infect at least certain explanted epithelial cells of the nasopharynx.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: association with measurements of body mass. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.

Relationships between weight, height and ponderal indexes and plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and triglyceride were assessed by the Lipid Research Clinics Prevalence Study for 6865 white children and adults (3517 males and 3348 females). Overall, weight, weight/height, weight/height and weight/height were significantly and inversely associated with plasma HDL cholesterol levels and positively associated with plasma triglyceride levels. When the relationships of Quetelet index (weight/height) to HDL cholesterol were assessed by multiple regression analysis, including the explanatory variables of cigarette smoking, alcohol intake and exogenous estrogen hormone use, the Quetelet index was significantly and inversely associated with HDL cholesterol levels in children (by age 12-16 years) and adults of both sexes. After covariance adjustment for smoking, alcohol intake, hormone use and age, mean HDL cholesterol levels for individuals at the Quetelet tenth percentile were 3 mg/dl higher than for those at the fiftieth percentile, and these in turn were 3-4 mg/dl higher than for those at the ninetieth percentile. These differences in HDL cholesterol differences reported to be related to coronary heart disease mortality. Improved approaches to the primary prevention of atherosclerosis may be realized by a better understanding of the inverse relationship of body mass to HDL cholesterol levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Ethylene oxide: evidence of human chromosomal effects.

Ethylene oxide is a known mutagen as indicated by short-term testing in vitro and in vivo. Occupational exposure can occur during ethylene oxide gas sterilization of materials for hospital and other use. To study the problem in a hospital sterilization facility where occupational exposure was suspected, epidemiologic, analytic and bioassay tools were employed. All persons whose work activities involved some aspect of the sterilization process were considered exposed to the gas. Within this group of symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals, chronic and incidental exposure was documented by clinical history. Sister chromatid exchanges were studied in lymphocytes cultured from exposed individuals as well as comparable controls. Four chronically exposed persons who reported upper respiratory and neurologic symptoms were studied in some detail. This group showed significantly increased sister chromatid exchange at three weeks and again at eight weeks after the last known exposure. Another group of eight persons with fewer complaints studied as late as the ninth week showed significantly increased exchanges. Incidental exposure may also increase sister chromatid exchange. The measured maximum concentration of ethylene oxide in the sterilizer room was 36 ppm (within standards set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration).

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1979

Ventricular premature contractions: a randomized non-drug intervention trial in normal men.

The influence of a 6-week intervention on factors thought to be related to ectopic cardiac rhythms was tested in normal men with frequent ventricular premature contractions (VPCs), using a randomized, controlled and partial crossover design. The VPC intervention trial experimental regimen included total abstinence from caffeine and smoking, reduction of alcohol intake, and a physical conditioning program. Effects were studied in detail among 81 healthy men with persistent VPCs. VPCs were measured during standard states of rest, dynamic and isometric exercise and other stresses, and 24-hour ambulatory monitoring. Adherence to the treatment was excellent. The experimental group achieved more than 80% of activities asked of them, and little "contamination" occurred in the control group. VPCs were analyzed according to VPC/min, VPC/man and VPC/total number of heart beats. Moderate changes in VPC rates occurred in both experimental and control groups but no significant group differences were found at rest or during any induction test. This 6-week, multiple-factor "hygienic" intervention program had no significant influence on the frequency or occurrence of VPCs in apparently normal men with persistent and frequent VPCs. Because the mechanisms and the significance of VPCs are different in patients with ischemic heart disease, our approach and methods may be useful for similar trials among cardiac patients of adjunct or non-drug therapy for ectopic rhythms.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Ventricular premature beats. Reliability in various measurement methods at rest and during exercise.

The yield and reproducibility of various methods of ventricular premature beat (VPB) detection are examined in otherwise healthy middle-aged men first found to have VPB in a 2-min lead I ECG rhythm strip. With a combination of an isometric and treadmill exercise test, VPB were repeatedly detected in 83%. Test-retest reliability in classifying the subjects by frequency of VPB was 67%. The reliability of detecting complex VPB was 47% for multiform VPB, 35% for pairs of VPB, 17% for runs and 36% for VPB showing the R-on-T phenomenon. These data suggest that simple and complex VPB detected by the described methods among normal men are poorly reproducible in the individual. Taking the VPB reproducibility for the group as a whole, the proportion of subjects having different frequency or kinds of ectopic beats is reasonably stable for the different test occasions.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Uptake and release of norepinephrine by slices of rat cerebral cortex: effect of agents that increase cyclic AMP levels.

Cerebral cortical slices from rats were incubated in physiologic saline, and the uptake, release, and K+-stimulated release of norepinephrine were measured. Dibutyryl cyclic AMP, the phosphodiesterase inhibitors aminophylline and papaverine, and adenosine (which stimulates adenyl cyclase) all caused a variable increase in uptake of norepinephrine at concentrations ranging from 10(-7) to 10(-4) M. Prostaglandins E1 and E2 appeared to have no effect on uptake, but this may be because the alcohol required to dissolve them had an inhibitory effect on uptake. None of these compounds appeared to affect basal or K+-stimulated release of norepinephrine. These agents therefore seem to have an effect opposite to that of the tricyclic antidepressants (which inhibit uptake of norepinephrine). Since norepinephrine's postsynaptic effects are usually inhibitory in the cortex, the stimulatory effect of the drugs tested on the presynaptic uptake of norepinephrine may explain the stimulant and epileptogenic effects of these drugs.

Adenosine↗
PubMed1977

Hyperuricemia as a risk factor in coronary heart disease.

The subjects of this study were 290 hospital patients who were divided into 4 groups: acute myocardial infarction (100), cardiac ischaemia with angina but no infarction (50), white patients without evidence of coronary heart disease (70), and a group of South African black patients without detectable coronary heart disease (70). Mean serum uric acid (SUA) levels were 8,00 +/- 0,32 in the ischaemic group, 7,09 +/- 0,23 in the acute infarction group, 5,78 +/- 0,21 in normal black patients, and 5,75 +/- 0,21 in normal white controls. The differences in SUA levels between the ischaemic and infarction groups as compared with both control groups was highly significant (p less than 0,001). These differences were most striking in the females aged 60 years and over.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Epidemiology and prevention of ventricular ectopic rhythms.

Current work of the Laboratory of Physiological Hygiene is reviewed on the epidemiology and prevention of ectopic ventricular rhythms (VPB). The evidence suggests that uniform simple VPB at rest, or exercise-induced, are prognostically important only in those having clinically manifest coronary disease. A simple rhythm strip is an effective first screen method for detecting individuals having rather frequent VPB, and frequency of VPB is correlated with complex ectopic rhythms. A multifaceted stress induction test induces VPB and does it consistently. Hygienic intervention, in which cardiac stimulants are removed and conditioning exercises given, is being tested as VPB suppressive therapy.

Adult↗