Differential scanning calorimetric study of muscle and its proteins: myosin and its subfragments.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
D J Wright
Publications and source records attributed to D J Wright.
Comparison of the resistances of double-lumen endobronchial tubes.
The resistance of commonly-used double-lumen endobronchial tubes were measured and a detailed comparison made. Robertshaw tubes were generally found to have a lower resistance than either the Carlens or the White tubes of equivalent size, but this was not so in every case. The White tubes had a disproportionately high resistance associated with the upper lobe orifice when compared with the resistance of the right main orifice. Theoretically this could lead to uneven ventilation of the right lung. This was not found to be the case in the right-sided Robertshaw tube.
Bronchi↗
Neuromuscular blockade in myasthenia gravis with atracurium besylate.
The use of atracurium besylate, in small incremental doses, with continuous monitoring of neuromuscular function, is described during upper abdominal surgery in a patient with myasthenia gravis.
Adult↗
Triphasic locomotor response of a plant-parasitic nematode to avermectin: inhibition by the GABA antagonists bicuculline and picrotoxin.
The response of the plant parasitic nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (J2 stage) to avermectin B2a-23-one is triphasic, comprising an initial loss of locomotor activity where the juveniles remain sensitive to touch, a recovery phase and a final loss of activity where the juveniles are relatively insensitive to touch. In contrast, the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, oxamyl, causes initial hyperactivity of juveniles followed by a progressive decline in movement. The addition of bicuculline and to a lesser extent picrotoxin, both antagonists of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), blocks the action of avermectin on M. incognita.
Animals↗
High-performance liquid chromatography of naturally occurring 8-, 7-, 6-, 5- and 4-carboxylic porphyrin isomers.
Naturally occurring 8-, 7-, 6-, 5- and 4-carboxylic porphyrin isomers are separated on C18 reversed-phase columns with various proportions (13-31%, v/v) of acetonitrile in 1 M ammonium acetate buffer (pH 5.16) as the mobile phases. Hydrophobic interaction between the porphyrin side chain substituents and the C18 hydrophobic surface is the main retention mechanism. Ion-exchange behaviour is also observed, but this does not influence the relative retention of the isomers. All possible forms of the decarboxylation intermediates of uroporphyrinogen III are detected in normal and porphyric urine, and the results provide conclusive evidence for the existence of decarboxylation pathways other than the currently accepted clockwise sequence, starting at the ring D acetic acid group of uroporphyrinogen III.
Chemical Phenomena↗
Carbamazepine-induced non-hereditary acute porphyria.
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Acute Disease↗
Simultaneous determination of hydroxymethylbilane synthase and uroporphyrinogen III synthase in erythrocytes by high-performance liquid chromatography.
A high-performance-liquid-chromatographic method is developed for the simultaneous determination of hydroxymethylbilane synthase and uroporphyrinogen III synthase activity in erythrocytes. Effective separation of uroporphyrin I and III isomers allows the accurate quantification of individual isomers and the total uroporphyrin concentration. Total uroporphyrin production is used to calculate hydroxymethylbilane synthase activity, and the amount of uroporphyrin III formed represents the activity of uroporphyrinogen III synthase. Normal ranges are established for the two enzymes.
Ammonia-Lyases↗
Endogenous opioid withdrawal in the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction.
Meptazinol, a partial opioid agonist, diminishes the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction in relapsing fever whereas naloxone, a pure opioid antagonist, is virtually inert. Because endogenous opioid activity is probably increased in the acute phase, the efficacy of meptazinol is unlikely to be due to agonist activity. However, it is possible that in such a severe reaction there may be an exhaustion of endogenous opioids, giving rise to a naturally occurring quasi-morphine-withdrawal syndrome which responds to meptazinol.
Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
Separation of porphyrin isomers by high-performance liquid chromatography.
A reversed-phase gradient elution system is described for the simultaneous separation of the type I and type III isomers of 8-, 7-, 6-, 5- and 4-carboxylated porphyrins and isocoproporphyrins. The method, adaptable for isocratic and stepwise separation of individual groups of isomers, is also suitable for preparative isolation of pure porphyrins. The analyses of porphyrin isomers in the urine and faeces of porphyric patients are examples of applications.
Acetates↗
Meptazinol diminishes the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction of relapsing fever.
Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, and meptazinol, an opioid antagonist with agonist properties, were tested in a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in 24 Ethiopian patients with louse-borne relapsing fever. The potentially fatal Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (J-HR), which invariably follows tetracycline treatment of the disease, was unaffected by naloxone, 30-40 mg intravenously, but was diminished by meptazinol, 300-500 mg intravenously. Compared with naloxone and placebo, meptazinol reduced the clinical severity of the reaction, significantly delayed and shortened its chill phase, delayed the rise in temperature, and reduced peak temperature and changes in pulse and respiratory rates and leucocyte count. High-dose corticosteroids given before or at the time of tetracycline treatment failed to alter the reaction, which is thought to result from release of endotoxin-like substances. Meptazinol is the first effective treatment for the J-HR of louse-borne relapsing fever. This finding suggests a role for endogenous opioids in the pathogenesis of the J-HR.
Adolescent↗
High-performance liquid chromatography of coproporphyrin isomers.
A reversed-phase system is described for the simultaneous isocratic separation of coproporphyrin I, II, III and IV isomers. The retention behaviour of coproporphyrin I and III is studied in detail. The method is suitable for both analytical and semi-preparative separation.
Acetonitriles↗
Effects of cloned interferon alpha 2 in normal volunteers: febrile reactions and changes in circulating corticosteroids and trace metals.
Six healthy volunteers were given single intramuscular injections of an ascending dose schedule of human interferon alpha 2 (Hu IFN alpha 2) from Escherichia coli. At a dose of 3 X 10(6) U, all of the volunteers had febrile reactions with influenza-like symptoms as previously described for purified natural leukocyte interferon. Significant rises in serum 11-hydroxycorticosteroids and falls in plasma zinc levels were observed at this highest dose. Although there was a reduction in the febrile reaction complex, the simultaneous administration of indomethacin with a "toxic" dose of interferon did not alter the changes in white cells, corticosteroids, or trace metals. Nonspecific effects must be considered in the therapeutic activity of interferon.
11-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
Samuel Johnson: amateur physician.
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Dictionaries as Topic↗
Thin-layer chromatographic and high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of metabolites of the weak carcinogen, 7-methylbenz[c]acridine.
The metabolism of [14C]7-methylbenz[c]acridine, a weakly carcinogenic polycyclic aza aromatic hydrocarbon, was studied in rates in vivo, and in rat hepatocytes and hepatic microsomes. Evidence for oxidation of the methyl group and excretion of 7-hydroxymethylbenz[c]acridine and benz[c]acridine-7-carboxylic acid in rat bile was obtained by thin-layer chromatography. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of metabolites was developed and chromatographic profiles of metabolites found in vivo and formed in vitro are presented. Several synthetic potential oxidation products were used to characterise the chromatographic profiles and evidence for the in vitro formation of 7-hydroxymethylbenz[c]acridine and 5,6-dihydro-5,6-dihydroxy-7-methylbenz[c]acridine was obtained.
Acridines↗
Bactericidal activity of serum for Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis: studies on serum from a patient with rhinoscleroma and sera deficient in antibody or complement.
The in-vitro bactericidal effect of serum for Klebsiella rhinoscleromatis was tested. Experiments with C2-deficient and hypogammaglobulinaemic human sera suggested that killing depended on activation of the classical complement pathway, although the alternative pathway probably amplified the effect. Serum from a patient with active rhinoscleroma, and another cured of the disease, showed normal killing.
Agammaglobulinemia↗
High oestrogen excretion in pregnancy.
Fifty-one women with singleton pregnancies whose urinary oestrogen excretion was above the 95th centile of the hospital's reference range on two or more occasions were reviewed. The women did not differ from the general population in race, parity, age, height or weight gain during pregnancy, but they were slightly heavier. Fetal and placental weights were greater than the corresponding values in the general population , as were the volumes of urine containing the oestrogen, but none of these differences was sufficient to account for oestrogen excretion above the 95th centile. Eleven patients had a glucose tolerance test, two of them had abnormal results and nine had normal results but heavy babies. Patterns of oestrogen excretion did not identify a high-risk population but the women with consistently high excretion gave birth to eight of the nine babies that weighed greater than or equal to 4 kg in this population. Twenty-two of the women had 23 subsequent pregnancies in which oestrogen excretion was measured: excretion was normal in 17, low in two and above the 95th centile in four.
Adolescent↗
Chlamydial genital infection in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. A seroepidemiological survey.
A seroepidemiological survey was undertaken in Addis Ababa to assess the prevalence of chlamydial genital infections among patients attending a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic and patients with no overt genital symptoms. In the STD clinic patients antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis serotypes D to K (genital types) were detected in 68 of 210 (32.4%) men and in 72 of 159 (45.3%) women, a rate of exposure as high or higher than that found in Europe. Serological evidence of active chlamydial infection was present in 26.7% of men and 28.9% of women. Women were at risk of contracting STD, including chlamydial infections, at the age of 14 years or earlier. The titres of antichlamydial IgG were extremely high in some patients attending the STD clinic, with titres of between 1/512 and 1/8192 in 9.5% of men and 13.2% of women. This suggests that some patients had severe or disseminated chlamydial disease. The prevalence of exposure to chlamydial genital infections among 148 patients with no overt genital disease was 14.2%, which is significantly higher than that found in the United Kingdom. Among the total of 517 patients tested the prevalence of exposure to trachoma, lymphogranuloma venereum, and Chlamydia psittaci agents was very low.
Adolescent↗