Pre-menopausal cytomegalovirus oophoritis.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
D J Williams
Publications and source records attributed to D J Williams.
Sequential changes in canine pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cell functions after nitrogen dioxide.
Through its ability to cause lipid peroxidation, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) may affect the functional properties of both the pulmonary epithelium and endothelium. We evaluated this possibility in 13 mongrel dogs by exposing these animals to 200 or 400 ppm NO2 for 1 h. The changes in pulmonary epithelial permeability (using a radioaerosol technique), FRC, and endothelial function (the removal of radiolabeled serotonin, [14C]5-HT, and prostaglandin E1, [3H]PGE1, from the pulmonary circulation) were measured at 1 h and at 2, 7, or 14 days after NO2 exposure. In another six dogs, we evaluated changes in cell population and albumin in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid caused by NO2. In the first two days after NO2 exposure, focal pulmonary edema was documented on microscopy, radioaerosol clearance was delayed, and FRC decreased slightly. BAL showed a marked increase in albumin, but the removal of trace amounts of 5-HT and PGE1 by the endothelium was not altered. All physiologic abnormalities returned to normal with time.
Albumins↗
Subsequent reproduction and calf performance of nonpregnant cows compared with pregnant cows and replacement females.
This study was conducted with Angus, Polled Hereford and Santa Gertrudis straightbred and crossbred cows. The subsequent cow breeding and calf performance of cows that were nonpregnant (NP) were compared with cows that were pregnant (PG) at the time calves were weaned. All NP cows had a calf the year previous to their being nonpregnant. They were diagnosed as physically sound with no detection (by rectal palpation) of an abnormal reproductive tract. The NP and PG cows were aged 4 to 9 yr. Also, the NP cows were compared with replacement females exposed to calve first as 2- and 3-yr-olds (H2 and H3, respectively), and with cows exposed for second calving as 3-yr-olds (C2). Cows were assigned within breed composition and age to sire breeding groups on pasture. Subsequent calving and weaning rates were similar for NP, PG and H2 cows, similar for H3 and H2 cows and lowest (P less than .05) for C2 cows. Calves from NP and H3 cows were born earlier (P less than .05) in the calving period than calves from PG and H2 cows, whereas calves from C2 cows were born later (P less than .05) than those from NP, PG and H3 cows. Calving difficulty was similar for NP, PG and C2 and greatest (P less than .05) for H2 cows. Calf 205-d weights were highest (P less than .05) for NP, similar for PG and H3 and lowest (P less than .05) for C2 and H2 cows. Calf weaning weight per cow exposed for breeding from NP cows was 13.8, 32.3, 55.2 and 1.0 kg higher than from PG, H2, C2 and H3 cows, respectively. Causes for cows being nonpregnant were reported. Also, calving patterns during 6 consecutive calving periods (6 yr) were evaluated.
Animals↗
Synthesis of acylguanidine analogues: inhibitors of ADP-induced platelet aggregation.
Routine screening of compounds for inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vitro revealed that 1,1'-hexamethylenebis[3-cyclohexyl-3-[(cyclohexylimino) (4-morpholinyl) methyl]urea] (1) was active and represented the first example of a bis(acylguanidine) with possible antithrombotic activity. In order to develop a structure-activity relationship for this class of compounds, we synthesized a number of new bis(acylguanidines). These were tested in vitro, and several analogues were also active. Ex vivo testing revealed that compounds 22, 41, 58, and 70-73 were orally active in rats or guinea pigs.
Adenosine Diphosphate↗
Peliosis thymomis: association with tuberculosis.
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Aged↗
Liver and pituitary abnormalities in Hallervorden-Spatz disease.
A 21 year old male with Hallervorden-Spatz disease was diagnosed at necropsy. Previously undescribed abnormalities of the liver and pituitary gland were noted.
Adult↗
Pneumococcal Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome despite a normal spleen.
A previously fit 56 year old female presented with a rapidly progressive and fatal pneumococcal septicaemia with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Post-mortem studies confirmed a Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome and revealed an anatomically normal spleen; intracellular diplococci were seen within splenic macrophages providing evidence of normal splenic function. This appears to be only the second case of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome due to pneumococcal septicaemia in a patient with a normal spleen.
Female↗
Breeding performance of beef bulls assigned to two-sire cow groups on pasture.
Angus, Polled Hereford and Santa Gertrudis bulls from ages 1 through 5 and 7 yr were assigned to 26 two-sire breeding groups. Each year, straightbred and crossbred cows of these breeds were allotted at random within breed composition, age of dam and calving date to breeding groups on pasture. Sires within each breeding group or pair were the same age at breeding and were two of the three breeds of sires. Neither calving rate nor the proportion of calves born by one vs the other sire in the two-sire breeding groups was affected by sire age among breeding groups. For a given breed, there was no uniformity among the sires in the proportion of calves they sired in their two-sire breeding groups. The proportion of calves born for the 26 sire pairs averaged .64 vs .36 (SE = 0.4 for either high or low value) for one vs the other sire in a sire pair with no indication that calving rate was affected by unequal proportions of calves by sires within sire pairs. Cows calved significantly earlier in the calving period (b = -.775 +/- .127) as calving rate increased among sire pairs. The number of days from the start of the breeding period to calf birth was affected by differences between sires in sire pairs for 8 of the 26 pairs, but there were no significant differences due to sire pair or breed of sire because of interaction between these two variables.
Age Factors↗
Effects of SO2 exposure on canine pulmonary epithelial functions.
We examined the effects of a single exposure of high concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) on the pulmonary epithelium in adult dogs over a period of several weeks. Mucociliary tracheal transport rates and alveolar clearance of 99mTc-labeled diethylene triamine pentacetate (99mTcO4-) were measured in vivo, before and immediately after inhalation of 100 ppm or 500 ppm SO2, and then weekly for 3-5 weeks. At the completion of the in vivo studies, tracheal epithelium was studied in Ussing chambers for bioelectric properties (short-circuited current, transepithelial potential difference), nonelectrolyte permeability for calculation of pore sizes, and changes in bioelectric properties following pharmacological manipulations. These tissues were then fixed for scanning electron microscopy studies. Additional dogs were sacrificed for microscopy studies at several time intervals to provide a histological basis for the altered mucociliary transport. We found that despite marked derangement of mucociliary transport caused by damage to the ciliated cells, recovery occurred over a period of several weeks, and alveolar permeability as assessed by the radioaerosol technique did not change. We concluded that the solubility of SO2 and perhaps a more severe damaging effect of SO2 specific on the ciliated cells might be the explanation for the observations.
Administration, Inhalation↗
Patients' assessment of out of hours care.
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Consumer Behavior↗
The stability of early specialty preferences among US medical school graduates in 1983.
Medical graduates in 1983 were in preclinical training when the Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee forecast a surplus of 70,000 physicians by 1990. Among the problems identified was the nuclear role of medical schools in affecting specialty choices. To understand this role further, the current study determined the stability and evolution of specialty preferences between the time of the Medical College Admission Test and the senior year of medical school. The study included 10,321 US medical school graduates in 1983. Eighty percent changed their specialty preference during this interval, demonstrating the substantial effects that medical schools have on specialty selection. The stability of early preferences ranged from 41% to 1%. Interest in primary care specialties declined among both men and women; interest in specialty care and supporting services increased during this five-year longitudinal study. These findings parallel shifts away from primary care among US medical school graduates in 1978 and 1983.
Career Choice↗
Sex, Enterobius vermicularis and the appendix.
Examination of 182 appendices containing Enterobius vermicularis demonstrated that male pinworms are seen more commonly than female. There was no association between the sex of pinworms and inflammation in the appendix but inflammation was frequently seen in association with luminal ova. Ova release from female pinworms may be a feature of appendiceal obstruction.
Acute Disease↗
Metastatic oesophageal squamous carcinoma in a small bowel neurofibroma.
Metastatic oesophageal carcinoma in a jejunal neurofibroma is described. This case contributes to the current evidence linking carcinomas of the gastro-intestinal tract with von Recklinghausen's disease and also illustrates an unusual method of spread for oesophageal squamous carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
Bipolar fixation of fractures of the distal end of the radius: a comparative study.
This paper reports a prospective study of the treatment of Colles' fractures, either by bipolar fixation or a forearm cast. Bipolar fixation reduced the degree of secondary displacement and no patient required a repeat manipulation. The functional results at 6 months, as assessed by the Scheck system, showed a strong trend in favour of bipolar fixation, but did not reach 95 per cent confidence limits. The technique of bipolar fixation proved to be safe and suitable for use in a busy district general hospital, without the necessity of elaborate equipment.
Bone Nails↗
The effect of age of cattle on the in vitro production of interferon by peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from normal cattle of different ages and from specific pathogen-free (SPF) calves, 2 to 4 weeks old, were cultured with bovine herpes virus type 1 (BHV1), parainfluenza-3 virus (PI3) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). The interferon (IFN) produced was characterized by acid stability and neutralizing antisera to recombinant bovine interferons. The virus preparations were presented either live or inactivated and as cell-bound virus or free virions. PBMC from cattle of all ages produced IFN-alpha when stimulated with live BHV1 and PI3 viruses. IFN-alpha was also produced with inactivated BHV1, even in cell cultures from SPF calves. However, inactivated PI3 virus failed to induce IFN in PBMC cultures from normal cattle, but approximately half of the animals, mostly calves, produced IFN-gamma spontaneously in 48 h cultures in the absence of added antigen. PHA induced IFN-gamma at an optimal concentration of 20 micrograms per ml after 3 days in culture. An age-related maturation of the IFN response was observed as PBMC from calves less than 2 weeks old produced little or no IFN when induced with either PHA or inactivated BHV1, although some IFN-alpha was produced in cultures containing live virus. Both adherent and non-adherent cells from adults and calves over 2 weeks old produced IFN on induction with inactivated BHV1 but only the non-adherent cell population produced IFN spontaneously or in response to inactivated PI3.
Aging↗
Relationship of breeding soundness evaluation score and its components with reproductive performance of beef bulls.
Angus, Polled Hereford and Santa Gertrudis bulls were subjected to a breeding soundness evaluation (BSE) just prior to being exposed to cows for 90 to 95 days in single-sire units under natural breeding conditions on pasture. Forty-eight of 55 bulls subjected to scrotal and semen evaluations passed the BSE and were considered acceptable for breeding. Of the bulls that passed BSE, 18 (six bulls from each breed) were used for breeding for each yr of the 2-yr study. Of the bulls used for breeding, breed of sire differences were significant for scrotal circumference and calving rate, while differences among sires within breed of sire were significant for secondary morphology, motility score and calving rate. The difference between means for bulls used vs bulls that failed BSE was significant for all eight traits. Correlations among various scrotal and semen evaluations were compared for bulls used vs bulls that failed BSE. Of the eight traits, only the motility score was significantly correlated with the calving rate. After the exclusion of bulls that failed to pass BSE, there remained differences (P<0.01) among bulls within breed of sire for calving rate. Thus, there is a need for an additional easy-to-use procedure that would more accurately predict the breeding performance of bulls.
Journal Article↗
Aluminium speciation in surface waters from a Welsh upland area.
The complete aluminium speciation of surface waters from an acidified catchment, during dry weather and during storm episodes, is obtained. For the first time, estimates of adsorbed aluminium (Al(ad)) are reported together with other aluminium species. Al(ad) is calculated from the difference between monomeric aluminium content before and after separation of suspended solids by filtration (0.015 microm pore diameter). This fraction was very significant (Al(ad) >; 40 microg litre(-1)) for samples with high suspended solids content (ss >; 20 mg litre(-1)) collected during storm episodes. Plots of pAl(3+) versus pH for samples collected during dry weather are approximated by a straight line, close to the solubility line of synthetic gibbsite, and have a slope of 2.5, which suggests that these samples were saturated with respect to gibbsite. The cloud of pAl(3+) versus pH points for samples from storm episodes has a near zero slope, and shows a significant degree of undersaturation with respect to synthetic gibbsite. Various mechanisms of aluminium mobilisation are discussed.
Journal Article↗