Biomedical subjects

D J Weiss

Publications and source records attributed to D J Weiss.

132 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Nurses' fear of contagion: a functional-measurement analysis.

The amounts of fear of contagion aroused in nurses by 15 unnamed diseases were examined. The diseases were chosen to allow factorial arrangement according to their degrees of transmissibility and the severities of their prognoses. Concern about contagion was hypothesized to increase as transmissibility increased and as prognosis worsened, in accord with a multiplicative model. The model was tested with functional measurement procedures, because this method allows simultaneous evaluation of the descriptive accuracy of the proposed model and validation of the rating scale. The model was supported graphically and statistically. Nurses' worries were found to have the regularity prescribed by a multiplicative process. Although one of the diseases was constructed to simulate the characteristics of AIDS, no magnification of fear was found in relation to other deadly and infectious diseases.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Primary myelodysplastic syndromes of dogs: a report of 12 cases.

Clinical bone marrow specimens submitted to the University of Minnesota's Veterinary Teaching Hospital Cytology Service over a 3-year period were evaluated for the presence of myelodysplastic features. Of 220 bone marrow specimens examined, 30 contained dysplastic features. Twenty-seven of these dogs were evaluated further. Twelve were categorized as primary myelodysplastic syndromes, and 15 were categorized as secondary myelodysplastic syndromes. Of the primary myelodysplastic syndromes, 4 were subcategorized as refractory anemia and 8 were categorized as myelodysplasia. Primary refractory anemia was characterized by nonregenerative anemia without leukopenia or thrombocytopenia and with prolonged survival. Primary myelodysplasia was characterized by pancytopenia, greater than 5% myeloblasts in bone marrow, dysplastic features in all bone marrow cell lines, and short survival time. Results of this study indicate that differentiating primary refractory anemia from primary myelodysplasia has both therapeutic and prognostic significance. Dogs with primary refractory anemia tend to have prolonged survival and respond to erythropoietin treatment, whereas dogs with primary myelodysplasia have short survival and do not respond to standard treatments.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome in 3 Rottweilers.

Three Rottweilers with marked peripheral eosinophilia and infiltration of the liver, spleen, lungs, and bone marrow with eosinophils were diagnosed with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (IHES). Mean serum immunoglobulin E concentrations were markedly high. On cytogenetic analysis, no evidence of karyotypic abnormalities was found in bone marrow aspirates. Despite an extensive search, no underlying cause for the eosinophilia could be identified. In this study, cytogenetic analysis and measurement of serum IgE concentrations were used to differentiate IHES and eosinophilic leukemia.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Flow cytometric and immunophenotypic evaluation of acute lymphocytic leukemia in dog bone marrow.

Monoclonal antibodies provide powerful tools for detection of lineage-specific markers on hematopoietic cells. We used the combination of cell morphology, cytochemistry, flow cytometric scatter plot analysis, and labeling of cells with 6 monoclonal antibodies to detect and subclassify lymphocytic leukemia in bone marrow from 5 dogs. Antibodies included anti-CD18 (a panleukocyte marker), anti-MHC class II (detects most B and T lymphocytes and monocyte/macrophages), anti-Thy-1 (a pan-T-lymphocyte and monocyte/macrophage marker), anti-CD3 (a pan-T-lymphocyte marker), anti-CD21 (a B-lymphocyte marker), and anti-CD14 (a monocyte/macrophage marker). Of the 5 dogs evaluated, 2 were categorized as acute T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, 2 as acute non-T, non-B lymphoblastic leukemia, and 1 as acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. Results of this study indicate marked variation in the morphology and immunophenotype of canine lymphocytic leukemia.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Characterization of a unique mucin-like glycoprotein secreted by a human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line (Ishikawa).

A human endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line (Ishikawa) has been shown to incorporate [3H]glucosamine and to secrete a radiolabeled high molecular weight compound which is excluded from a Sepharose CL-2B column. The excluded material was resistant to hyaluronidase, chondroitinase ABC, and heparinase. These findings rule out the possibility of this material being a proteoglycan. The susceptibility of this material to digestion with pronase, neuraminidase, and alkaline borohydride treatment strongly suggests that the excluded material is an O-glycosidic glycoprotein. The glycoprotein secreted by Ishikawa cells (ICGP) did not react immunologically with antibodies against either lactoferrin or fibronectin, but did react with an antibody made against tracheal mucin. Conversely, immunoblot analysis revealed that an antibody made against ICGP did not recognize hyaluronic acid, chondroitin, heparin, nasal turbinate mucin, bovine submaxillary gland mucin, lactoferrin, or fibronectin, but did recognize tracheal mucin. Analysis of ICGP amino acid and carbohydrate composition showed that it is rich in serine, threonine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and N-acetylneuraminic acid. In this respect, ICGP differs from other mucins, even though it is immunologically similar to respiratory mucin; hence we may consider ICGP to be a mucin-like glycoprotein. Secretion of ICGP can be modulated by Ca(2+)-ionophore and other mucus secretagogues, such as platelet activating factor, carbachol, and monocyte/macrophage mucus secretagogue, all mediators of lung inflammation. Ishikawa cells and anti-ICGP antibody may be used in studies on in vitro regulation of mucin-like glycoprotein synthesis and secretion in the respiratory tract as well as in the endometrium.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of aspirin and carbacyclin on bovine platelet function.

Cows, calves, and sheep are the animals of choice for in vivo studies on total artificial hearts. In this study, the response of human and bovine platelets to agonists and antagonists was followed. Epinephrine and arachidonate failed to cause aggregation of bovine platelets. Exposure of bovine platelets to prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) resulted in inhibition of response to the action of adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Although epinephrine restored the response of PGE1 treated human platelets, it failed to restore the sensitivity of bovine platelets to the action of ADP. Exposure of bovine platelets to aspirin (100.0 mumol/L) or administration to calves intravenously (10.0 mg/kg) inhibited platelet cyclo-oxygenases. Infusion of carbacyclin (U55185) inhibited the ex vivo platelet response to the action of ADP. Results of this study demonstrate that the response of bovine platelets to agonists such as epinephrine, arachidonate, and the endoperoxide mimetic, U46619, is severely compromised. The authors' observations in this study, as well as earlier findings demonstrating the inability of bovine platelets to fully spread on a surface, suggests that the cow may not be an appropriate "model" for evaluating thrombogenicity caused by artificial organs and implants.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗