Crystalline material from the feline bladder.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D J Sutor.
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The crystalline composition of two collections of gallstones from patients in England and Australia have been determined by the x-ray powder diffraction technique. Twelve substances have been identified including a form of cholesterol which hitherto has not been reported. The weighted percentage composition averaged over each collection shows that cholesterol is the major constituent of the Australian stones and cholesterol and cholesterol monohydrate the major constituents of the English calculi. The cholesterol is possibly a decomposition product of the monohydrate. The calcium carbonates-calcite, aragonite, and vaterite-constitute most of the remainder of the calculi. Although their percentage composition is much smaller than that of the cholesterols, they are nevertheless present in a high proportion of stones. Small traces of apatite, whitlockite, sodium chloride, calcium stearate and palmitic acid (or other long-chain compounds having closely related spacings) have been found. Small spheroids scattered throughout some stones appear to be mainly calcium stearate, although the total quantity available is too small and too impure for a definite identification.
Gallstones from three hamsters were studied. The only crystalline material present in detectable amounts was apatite.
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A gallstone of almost perfect octahedral symmetry was composed of a mixture of crystallites of the three polymorphous forms of calcium carbonate: calcite, aragonite, and vaterite.
A second form of anhydrous uric acid has been found in urinary calculi; it is probably derived as an artifact from uric acid dihydrate during storage. It has been prepared in the laboratory by desiccation of uric acid dihydrate. Mixtures of these two substances sometimes give x-ray powder patterns that resemble that of xanthine on weak photographs, but are distinguishable by their infrared spectra.
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Relatively large amounts of newberyite, MgHPO(4).3H(2)O, are found in old or very large urinary calculi. Single crystals of struvite, MgNH(4) PO(4)6H(2)O, sometimes show some decomposition to newberyite on aging. The fact that large amounts of struvite are also found in ancient stones implies, however, that special conditions, as yet unknown, are required for decay to occur.
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