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Biomedical subjects

D J Sutherland

Publications and source records attributed to D J Sutherland.

72 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1969

Insect metabolism of photoaldrin and photodieldrin.

Photoaldrin and photodieldrin, sunlight products of adrin and dieldrin, are rapidly metabolized to a more toxic material by flies and mosquito larvae. It is suggested that this conversion is the cause for the enhanced toxicities of the photoproducts.

Aedes↗
PubMed1966

Hypertension, increased aldosterone secretion and low plasma renin activity relieved by dexamethasone.

A father and son are described with a condition characterized by benign hypertension, potassium deficiency, increased aldosterone secretion rate (ASR), raised plasma volume and suppressed plasma renin activity (PRA). There were intermittent elevations of urine 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticoids (17-OHCS) but no increase in urine THS, normal circadian rhythm of plasma 17-OHCS, and normal urine 17-OHCS response to dexamethasone and intravenous ACTH. Plasma ACTH and corticosterone secretion were not elevated. Pregnanetriol excretion was normal but urine pregnanediol was increased. At operation on the father no adrenal tumour was found; the excised left adrenal weighed 7 g. and showed nodular cortical hyperplasia; juxtaglomerular cells showed only occasional granules. Following operation hypertension persisted and ASR was half the preoperative value. All abnormalities in father and son were relieved by dexamethasone (DM) 2 mg. daily. The condition recurred following cessation of DM but was relieved by a second course of treatment. No such response to DM was seen in a normal subject or in a patient with Conn's syndrome. For a number of reasons it is suggested that patients with hypertension, increased ASR and low PRA be given a trial of dexamethasone treatment before undergoing adrenal surgery.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1966

The influence of a heparin-like compound on hypertension, electrolytes and aldosterone in man.

The mechanisms of the aldosterone-inhibiting and antihypertensive actions of heparin and certain other sulfated mucopolysaccharides were investigated in 13 hypertensive patients. N-formyl chitosan polysulfuric acid (RO 1-8307) was used rather than heparin because of its low anticoagulant activity. RO 1-8307 lowered aldosterone secretion in one patient with proved and one with probable primary aldosteronism; this indicates that the mucopolysaccharide does not inhibit aldosterone secretion via the renin-angiotensin mechanism. In six hypertensive patients RO 1-8307 caused a fall in the secretion of aldosterone and its probable immediate precursor, 18-hydroxycorticosterone; therefore it does not act at the last step in the synthesis of aldosterone. RO 1-8307 produced a prolonged clinical and biochemical remission in the two patients considered to have primary aldosteronism but did not influence blood pressure in five of seven patients in whom excessive aldosterone was probably not a major factor in the hypertension. It is concluded that the antihypertensive action of RO 1-8307, and perhaps of heparin as well, is largely due to suppression of aldosterone secretion.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical observations on the response of equine hoof defects to dietary supplementation with biotin.

Horses with weak hoof horn, which becomes misshapen and crumbles around the lower parts of the hoof walls, pose problems for treatment in practice. The effects of dietary supplementation with a high level of the B-group vitamin biotin (which has proved successful in the treatment of the similar condition in pigs) were investigated in more than 40 cases. Varying degrees of improvement in the hardness, integrity and conformation of the hoof horn were observed in all cases. The signs and progress seen in three typical cases are described. It is concluded that dietary supplementation with 10 to 30 mg biotin/day (depending on bodyweight) for not less than six to nine months is a useful treatment to support other remedial measures in such cases.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Plasminogen activator in human breast cancer cytosols: revisited after five years.

The outcome after five years in 63 women with breast cancer was correlated with biochemical parameters (estrogen and progesterone receptors, plasminogen activator activity) determined in the cytosol of tumour specimens obtained at surgery. The information from tumour cell products and their regulatory proteins may provide additional prognostic indicators, independent of subsequent treatment.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tamoxifen tolerance and steroid receptors in a tumor model.

In a rat mammary adenocarcinoma model, prolonged exposure to the antiestrogen Tamoxifen results in a Tamoxifen-tolerant tumor cell line which is readily transplantable and grows under continuous oral intake of the drug. The solid tumor contains steroid receptors; however, the level of Tamoxifen needed for effective displacement of diethylstilbestrol cannot be achieved with therapeutical doses; resistance to Tamoxifen is not the result of diminished or absent estrogen receptors.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tamoxifen therapy in premenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer.

Tamoxifen was evaluated in a phase II trial as initial hormonal therapy in premenopausal patients with metastatic breast cancer. The study design was such that responders remained on tamoxifen therapy; those who initially or subsequently progressed went on to ovarian ablation either by surgery or irradiation. Of 42 evaluable patients treated with tamoxifen, three had complete responses (CR), ten had partial responses (PR), and four remained stable (ST), giving total response rates of 32% (CR + PR) or 41% (CR + PR + ST). Among the 18 patients with positive estrogen (ER) or progesterone (PgR) receptors, there were eight responders, but only one responder (ST) in the nine patients with negative ER or PgR. Of the 25 patients who failed to respond to tamoxifen, 13 underwent ovarian ablation; all failed to respond. These 13 included four patients who were ER positive or equivocal and PgR positive or unknown. Nine tamoxifen responders (CR + PR + ST) have subsequently progressed; of these, eight have gone on to ovarian ablation. Six of these eight have responded (five PR and one ST) to ovarian ablation, and one has failed to respond. Thus, steroid receptors generally predicted a patient's response to tamoxifen therapy, but response to tamoxifen also strongly predicted a patient's subsequent response to ovarian ablation.

Adult↗