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Biomedical subjects

D J Sullivan

Publications and source records attributed to D J Sullivan.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The effect of ionizing radiation on advanced life support medications.

Advanced life support medications stored in emergency department stretcher areas, diagnostic radiology rooms, and radiotherapy suites are exposed to ionizing radiation. We hypothesized that radiation may decrease the potency and thus the shelf life of medications stored in these areas. Atropine, dopamine, epinephrine, and isoproterenol were exposed to a wide range of ionizing radiation. The potency of the four drugs was unaffected by levels of radiation found in ED stretcher areas and high-volume diagnostic radiograph rooms (eg, chest radiograph, computed tomography, fluoroscopy). The potency of atropine may be reduced by gamma radiation in high-use radiotherapy suites. However, dopamine, epinephrine, and isoproterenol were unaffected by high doses of gamma radiation. Atropine, dopamine, epinephrine, and isoproterenol may be safely kept in ED stretcher areas and diagnostic radiology rooms without loss of potency over the shelf life of the drugs.

Atropine↗
PubMed1986

Disappointing outcomes in staged flexor tendon grafting for isolated profundus loss.

Staged flexor tendon grafting was conducted in sixteen young adults for isolated loss of the flexor digitorum profundus. Though thirteen of sixteen achieved a subjectively pleasing result, only seven of the sixteen cases achieved satisfactory results. Five major complications occurred in four patients. The overall results were no better than the results obtained for single stage flexor tendon grafting through an intact superficialis. This study establishes no advantage of staged flexor tendon grafts, over unstaged grafts for isolated profundus loss.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Results of digital neurorrhaphy in adults.

Forty-two digital neurorrhaphies utilizing contemporary techniques and suture material are reviewed. 17% regained near normal function. Another 30% regained imperfect, but very pleasing function. Half of the patients were left with moderate to marked hypoaesthesia, but protective sensation. Protective sensation did not return to those nerves left unrepaired. Immediate repair did not allow better recovery than repair within six days. Delay up to eleven months did not obviate pleasing return of sensibility. Similarly, simultaneous tenorrhaphy did not seem to affect the quality of the result. Crushing, or avulsive injuries always resulted in "poor" return of sensibility. Testing two-point discrimination with the technique of Dellon will reveal recovery of epicritic sensation earlier than any other technique. After six months, few patients regained, or lost sensibility. The severed digital nerve must still carry a guarded prognosis in the adult.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The effect of exsanguination on organ weight of rats.

In three experiments, rats were anesthetized and killed by exsanguination or were killed by an overdose of anesthetic and not exsanguinated. The second group of rats in each experiment mimicked rats found dead on toxicology studies. Liver and kidney weights of rats killed by exsanguination were statistically significantly lower than those of rats not exsanguinated both in terms of gross organ weight and of percentage of body weight. The results of these experiments indicate that organ weight data of rats killed by exsanguination should be segregated from those of rats found dead. In fact, because of uncontrollable variables, organs of rats found dead should not be weighed.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Palmar dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint.

Fifteen patients with palmar dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint were reviewed 6 to 49 months after treatment (average 17.8 months). Disruption of the extensor mechanism, palmar plate, and one collateral ligament was found in all patients. The loss of static and dynamic joint support caused palmar subluxation, malrotation, and a boutonnière deformity. Two dislocations were irreducible, and three were associated with dorsal avulsion fractures from the middle phalanx. The serious nature of the injuries from this dislocation was initially unrecognized, and most patients were casually treated; delay from injury to referral averaged more than 11 weeks. Twelve of the 15 required surgery for joint reduction and tendon and ligament repair; three treated earlier were managed by closed reduction and percutaneous pinning. Joint alignment, comfort, and stability were restored, and all returned to full activities including heavy labor. However, a full range of PIP motion was not recovered in any case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The effect of antibiotic additions on the fracture properties of bone cements.

Two commercially developed cements (Palacos and Zimmer) were tested for fracture toughness with and without gentamicin additions. Compact tension specimens were molded under standardized conditions and divided into four groups. Each group contained specimens of both plain and both antibiotic cements. One group was tested as zero-time controls. The remaining three groups were radiation sterilized. One group was tested as zero-time sterilization controls. Another group was tested after 2 months immersion in Ringer's lactate to elute gentamicin. The last group was tested after being implanted for 2 months subcutaneously in dogs. Comparison of the fracture toughness of the two zero-time groups showed no effect of radiation sterilization on any of the four types of cement. The results from both the group immersed in Ringer's solution and the group implanted in dogs showed no significant effect on fracture toughness with gentamicin additions. Both these groups, however, did have greater toughness values than the zero-time groups, probably caused by the more complete polymerization with time. Furthermore, the Palacos cement exhibited a greater toughness than the Zimmer cement. The results of this study demonstrate that the addition of gentamicin to bone cement is not deleterious to the fracture properties.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Occurrence of myeloid bodies in rats following two-year administration of imipramine hydrochloride.

Sprague-Dawley CD rats received daily oral doses (45 mg/kg) of the cationic amphiphilic tricyclic antidepressant imipramine HCl (Tofranil) for up to two years. Representative specimens of liver, lung, spleen, mesenteric lymph node, retina and dorsal root ganglion were examined for myeloid bodies (MB). The extent that MB affected a given cell or group of cells was qualitatively determined. Myeloid bodies were observed in a variety of cell types after one year of administration to treated rats. They were less common after a subsequent three month recovery period. Fewer MB were observed in rats treated for one year than were previously reported in short term studies. Fewer MB were seen after two years of treatment than after one year although the same organs were affected. Thus, MB appear to decrease in number with increasing time of compound administration. This may result from a more efficient metabolism of the drug or because of decreased levels of phospholipid in aged rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The total condylar knee prosthesis in gonarthrosis. A five to nine-year follow-up of the first one hundred consecutive replacements.

We studied the first 100 consecutive patients (125 knees) to undergo knee arthroplasty with the original total condylar-I prosthesis for either osteoarthritis or osteonecrosis on the Knee Service at The Hospital for Special Surgery. They were followed for an average of 6.6 years (range, five to nine years), which is the longest follow-up of a total knee prosthesis that is still widely used in its original and unmodified form. At five to nine years of follow-up, eleven patients (fourteen knees) were dead and ten patients (eleven knees) could not be traced, leaving 100 knees (seventy-nine patients) for clinical evaluation. This included one knee from which the prosthesis was removed for sepsis at six months, four that were revised for pain, and two that were revised because of subluxation. Two patients had a loose tibial component. Sixty-four knees were rated as excellent and twenty-seven were rated as good. There were two fair and seven poor results. Detailed radiographic evaluation of the 100 knees showed that only minimum changes in the varus or valgus alignment or the fixation of the prosthetic components had occurred with time. At follow-up, 41 per cent of the tibial components showed some evidence of radiolucency, although with the exception of the two loose components just mentioned there were no complete or circumferential radiolucent lines. Most radiolucencies were present by the end of the first postoperative year, and in 81 per cent of the knees there was no further change. Although a special attempt was made to determine any evidence of wear of the polyethylene tibial component, we were unable to demonstrate unequivocal wear in any knee. Our experience had led us to conclude that the long-term success of current total knee designs will probably not be significantly affected by polyethylene wear or loss of component fixation. The majority of failures in our series were attributed to errors in surgical technique.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Greater trochanteric hip arthroplasty in children with loss of the femoral head.

In seventeen children with catastrophic loss of the femoral head, the hip was salvaged by greater trochanteric arthroplasty. The average follow-up of these patients was eleven years, and fourteen patients were followed to skeletal maturity or longer. In Group I, consisting of four patients with greater trochanteric arthroplasty alone, good initial stability gradually deteriorated as subluxation occurred, accompanied by a proportionate return of abductor limp, loss of hip motion, and an increased rate of degenerative changes in the joint. Group II, consisting of eight patients who had either acetabuloplasty or innominate osteotomy in addition to greater trochanteric arthroplasty, had only slightly improved hip containment and results similar to those in Group I. Spontaneous ankylosis of the hip occurred in six of the patients in those two groups. The best results were obtained in five patients in Groups III and IV who had the procedure supplemented by proximal femoral varus osteotomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Collaborative study of a spectrophotometric determination of ferric, ferrous, and total iron in drugs by reaction with alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl.

A spectrophotometric method for determining Fe2+, Fe3+, and total Fe in drugs has been developed, using alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl as the colorimetric reagent. The method is applicable to tablets elixirs, injectables, and bulk powder. Eight collaborates analyzed a synthetic iron preparation and 7 commercial samples. For the synthetic iron preparation, the average recovery was 100.3% and the coefficient of variation was 1.02%. For 7 commercial samples, the average coefficient of variation was 1.44%. The method has been adopted as official first action.

2,2'-Dipyridyl↗
PubMed1976

Spectrophotometric determination of ferric, ferrous, and total iron in drugs by reaction with alpha, alpha'-dipyridyl.

The drug sample is dissolved in 0.2N HCl to yield a final concentration of 30 mug Fe/ml, an aliquot is reacted with alpha,alpha-dipyridyl, and the pH is adjusted with an acetate buffer. For Fe(II), the color intensity is measured at 523 nm. For total iron, ascorbic acid is added to a separate aliquot of the sample solution, reducing all the iron present to Fe(II), which is then reacted with alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl, diluted to volume, and read at 523 nm. The Fe(III) content is determined by subtracing Fe(II) from total iron. This method is applicable to iron-containing drugs and drug dosage forms.

Buffers↗
PubMed1975

Tumors of the hand.

A review of 129 hand tumors suggests that diagnosis of a swelling in the hand is often uncertain because of the close proximity of many different tissues in a small volume. Histologic diagnosis is necessary to assure appropriate treatment; excisional biopsy should be done whenever possible; if the lesion is benign, treatment has been completed; in the event the lesion is malignant, further treatment will not have been materially compromised. The margin of normal tissue around malignant lesions often precludes treatment of such tumors of the hand by ray resection or wide local excision because adequate wide excision will frequently leave nothing functional. Attempts at wide local excision are ofter compromised by the surgeon's natural desire to preserve function; this frequently results in incomplete removal of the tumor. The function preserved will be of little benefit to a patient with widespread metastases.

Adult↗