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Biomedical subjects

D J Rowe

Publications and source records attributed to D J Rowe.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Neonatal renal function assessment.

Urine samples from neonates admitted to a special care baby unit were analysed to establish ranges for urinary retinol binding protein, albumin, and total protein concentrations in healthy term and preterm infants and to investigate changes seen in disease states. Urinary excretion of retinol binding protein was greater in preterm infants and was increased in sick infants. This was greater than would be predicted from changes in creatinine excretion with gestational or postconceptional age. Urinary retinol binding protein appeared more sensitive to illness than did urinary albumin or total protein.

Albuminuria↗
PubMed1989

Low-molecular-weight proteinuria in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a study of the urinary excretion of beta 2-microglobulin and retinol-binding protein in alkalinized patients with and without microalbuminuria.

The urinary excretion of two low-molecular-weight proteins (beta 2-microglobulin and retinol-binding protein) was measured in 12 insulin-dependent diabetic patients with persistent microalbuminuria and an equal number with normal albumin excretion; reference ranges for the excretion of beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) and retinol-binding protein (RBP) were also obtained in 40 non-diabetic subjects. To ensure the stability of beta 2M in urine a urinary pH greater than or equal to 7 was achieved by giving oral sodium bicarbonate. beta 2M and RBP excretion was significantly higher in the diabetics than in the controls (p less than 0.01), but no higher in microalbuminuric than non-albuminuric diabetics. In the diabetics as a group a significant correlation was found between the excretion of beta 2M and RBP (r = 0.53, p less than 0.01), but more patients had an abnormal excretion of beta 2M than RBP (p less than 0.001). No significant correlation was found between the urinary excretion of either low-molecular-weight protein and duration of diabetes, insulin dose, HbA1, urinary glucose excretion or systemic blood pressure. Measured under appropriate alkaline conditions beta 2M appears to be more sensitive than RBP in detecting an abnormality of the renal proximal tubule which may be an early feature of diabetic renal involvement not characterized by microalbuminuria; microalbuminuria may have glomerular and tubular components.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Reference values for 75 g oral glucose tolerance test in pregnancy.

A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 212 pregnant women with no predisposing factors suggesting glucose intolerance to establish the normal pattern of glucose metabolism in pregnancy. Reference values for the test were established for the middle of pregnancy (14-20 weeks, n = 43) and late pregnancy (28-37 weeks, n = 168). One woman was excluded because she had diabetes that required treatment with insulin. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups for samples taken both one and two hours after the glucose load. Reference ranges for the interpretation of the glucose tolerance test in pregnancy should therefore take account of the period of gestation. Arbitrary upper limits of normal (represented by the 97.5 centile) two hours after a 75 g oral glucose load are proposed at 7.5 and 9.6 mmol/l for the second and third trimesters, respectively.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1988

A new antigen identified by the monoclonal antibody UCHB 1 delivers a costimulatory signal to a subset of human B cells.

A novel anti-B cell monoclonal antibody UCHB1 is described which detects an antigen present on a selected subpopulation of both normal and leukemic B cells. Approximately 20% of normal tonsil and peripheral blood (PB) B cells are UCHB 1+ and the majority of B cells from all cases of prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) tested, together with a low, variable percentage of PB B cells from non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with centroblastic centrocytic leukemia also express this antigen. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and hairy cell leukemia B cells, pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Epstein-Barr virus transformed cell lines all lack UCHB 1 positivity as do all non-B lineage leukocytes and cell lines so far tested. In tonsil sections UCHB 1 staining is almost completely confined to surface IgM+ mantle zone lymphocytes and follicular dendritic cells, but not B cells, within the germinal centers. UCHB 1 can induce a rise in the level of intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i) in PLL B cells and low concentrations of monoclonal antibody can result in the entry of these cells into cell cycle in the absence of additional factors. The proliferative effect of UCHB 1 is greatly enhanced in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan and, to a lesser extent, phorbol ester. A similar costimulatory effect is exerted on a proportion of normal tonsil B cells although here, despite inducing a rise in [Ca2+]i, UCHB 1 alone does not cause cells to proliferate. UCHB 1 may well prove to be a useful antibody both to distinguish between different B cell leukemias and to study the phenotype and function of leukemic and normal B cell subpopulations.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Uptake of a fluorinated bisphosphonate by cultured bones.

The uptake of bisphosphonates into bone was studied using 19-day-old fetal rat bones cultured with a new fluorinated bisphosphonate, difluoromethylidene bisphosphonate (F2MBP). F2MBP uptake was assessed by determining the weight percent of fluoride using electron probe microanalysis. By 30 min the weight percent of fluoride was significantly greater in the F2MBP-treated bones than in controls and continually increased throughout the duration of the experiment to reach a fluoride concentration 6-fold greater than controls after 120 h of incubation. When the peripheral cortical bone was analyzed separately from the interior trabecular bone in the F2MBP-treated bones, the fluoride concentration in the periphery increased until 24 h and then remained somewhat constant, while the interior, which is more actively remodeling, showed a continual increase. The uptake of F2MBP during the 1 to 6 h time intervals demonstrated no differences between vital and devitalized bone and, thus, is not cell-mediated. Because analysis of free fluoride in F2MBP media incubated with bones showed that the concentration of fluoride was less than 1% of the total amount of fluoride, the fluoride detected by the probe was most likely that of the intact molecule and not free fluoride. The rapid uptake of the F2MBP molecule was supported by assessing the effects of short-term F2MBP treatment on subsequent bone resorption, as determined by the release of 45Ca from prelabeled bones. Bones treated with F2MBP for only 5 min exhibited reductions in the percentage of 45Ca released during the remainder of the 120 h incubation period similar to that when F2MBP was continuously in the medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The clinical use and measurement of theophylline.

This report reviews the clinical use, metabolism and toxicity of theophylline (Section 1). Current chromatographic and immunoassay methods for theophylline measurement are discussed and practical methods using high-performance liquid chromatography are described (Section 2). Results from the UK National scheme for theophylline quality control and from an experiment to investigate the degree of interference by 1,7-dimethylxanthine in routine assays for theophylline are discussed in Section 3.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

Retinol binding protein as a small molecular weight marker of renal tubular function in diabetes mellitus.

A radioimmunoassay has been developed for the measurement in urine of retinol-binding protein (alpha 2-microglobulin) and used as an index of renal tubular function in adult Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetics and to define reference ranges in non-diabetic controls. There was a significantly greater excretion (P less than 0.001) of retinol-binding protein in the diabetic group compared to the controls in both overnight and daytime samples. There was a weak positive correlation with albumin excretion (r = 0.33; P less than 0.01) but no correlation with HbA1, duration of diabetes or arterial blood pressure. The results indicate that retinol-binding protein excretion may be increased in diabetic subjects without increased albumin excretion. The possibility therefore exists that renal tubular damage may occur early in diabetic nephropathy without apparent glomerular dysfunction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Diurnal stage of circadian rhythm of plasma zinc in healthy and psoriatic volunteers.

The characteristics of circadian variation of human plasma zinc concentrations in health and psoriasis are compared by the cosinor method. Sequential measurements of plasma zinc were performed at 0800 (fasting), 1000 (1 hr after breakfast), 1330 (1 hr after lunch), and 1900 (1 hr after supper) on groups of 20 patients with psoriasis, a disorder in which zinc metabolism may be disturbed, and 16 clinically healthy individuals. The limited sampling notwithstanding, groups showed a statistically significant circadian rhythm when analyzed by the cosinor method with the least-squares fit of a 24-hr cosine curve. The rhythm's timing in the clinically healthy group was similar to that derived by the same cosinor method from much denser series (covering the entire 24-hr span) published earlier by others. The diurnal portion of the circadian rhythm of human plasma zinc differed in the two groups investigated; this difference was not seen in the mean fasting plasma zinc concentrations. Circadian studies may reveal differences between groups that are not apparent by conventionally used single fasting estimates. More generally, in future studies of zinc, e.g., in skin disease, sampling time and the subjects' routine should be strictly standardized as a minimum, and rhythm characteristics should be quantified as an optimum.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Improved diabetic control in adolescents using the Penject syringe for multiple insulin injections.

Eleven adolescent diabetics, aged 15.1 +/- 1.3 years (mean +/- 1SD) in poor glycaemic control (HbA1 12.0 +/- 1.5% at entry) were commenced on a four times daily insulin injection regimen using the Penject fountain-pen syringe with Initard (50:50 mixture of porcine soluble and isophane) insulin on a sliding scale. Diabetic control improved over a 3-month period, assessed by a reduction in both the mean preprandial blood glucose concentrations (10.9 +/- 3.3 mmol/l to 7.7 +/- 2.3 mmol/l) and mean glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations (12.0 +/- 1.5% to 9.5 +/- 0.9%). Further improvement was again seen in 5 patients who remained on four daily injections for an additional 3 months (mean HbA1: 9.6 +/- 0.9% to 8.4 +/- 1.0%), whereas diabetic control in 6 patients who returned to twice daily injections deteriorated (mean HbA1 rose from 9.5 +/- 1.0% to 10.6 +/- 1.6%). Multiple insulin injections using an injection pen are acceptable to adolescent diabetics and improve their control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A comparison of alveolar bone in young and aged mice.

To study the relationship between aging and alveolar bone loss, the periodontia of young (12-week-old) and aged (94-week-old) C57B1/6 Nia mice were compared, giving special attention to the alveolar bone. The tibiae were also examined to distinguish local from systemic bone changes. The mean area of interproximal bone between the first and second mandibular molars was significantly less in the aged mice than in the young mice. While there was no difference in the distance from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the alveolar crest, the width of the interproximal bone was narrower in the aged animals. The cross-sectional width of the tibia was also reduced in the aged mice, although the total bony area remained constant. In both groups of animals, the distance from the apical extent of the inflammatory infiltrate to the alveolar crest was similar suggesting that alveolar bone loss was not related to inflammation. Other histologic features observed in the teeth of the aged mice, which may have influenced the amount of alveolar bone, were mesial tilting and distal drifting, occlusal wear, and passive eruption. These findings suggest that the greater bone loss in the aged mice may be more related to the aging process and to the functional changes of tooth movement associated with aging than to periodontal disease.

Age Determination by Skeleton↗
PubMed1986

Assessment of immunochemical methods for determining low concentrations of albumin in urine.

Four immunochemical methods (radioimmunoassay, RIA; radial immunodiffusion, RID; immunoturbidimetry, IT; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA) for measuring urinary albumin at low concentrations were assessed for their assay characteristics and practicability. Precision and accuracy were comparable between the methods when studied individually. We made a method comparison, with RIA as reference, using urine samples from diabetic patients with albumin concentrations ranging from 1 to 120 mg/L. There was no significant systematic difference between RID and RIA, but IT and ELISA gave consistently lower values than RIA, the mean differences being 1.8 (p less than 0.01) and 9.7 mg/L (p less than 0.001), respectively. Random error, compared with that for RIA, was in increasing order: RID (residual SD = 3.8 mg/L); IT (4.3 mg/L); ELISA (7.3 mg/L). The difference between the methods increased with the albumin concentration. Operational cost was highest with IT, lowest with RIA. Capital cost was highest with RIA and lowest with RID, which required most technical skill. ELISA had intermediate overall costs.

Albuminuria↗