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Biomedical subjects

D J Pesut

Publications and source records attributed to D J Pesut.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Hallucinatory experiences of psychiatric patients in seclusion.

Seclusion is a common treatment method in psychiatry. However, there are contradictory reports about the effects of the sensory deprivation involved in seclusion on the distortions of perceptions seen in some psychiatric patients. This descriptive study explored the seclusion experiences of seriously ill psychiatric patients; described the hallucinatory experiences of these patients during seclusion; and examined the relationship between hallucinations and sensory stimulation, as reflected in staff visits and length of time secluded. Consenting adult male and female psychiatric inpatients (n = 25), with DSM III-R diagnoses of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were interviewed within 5 days after a seclusion experience, using a modification of Richardson's structured interview guide. Approximately half of the patients hallucinated in seclusion; however, 70% of these had also hallucinated before seclusion. There were no significant relationships between hallucinating in seclusion and frequency of staff visits or length of time secluded; however, patients who hallucinated received significantly more "as needed" (PRN) medications and had more therapeutic visits than patients who did not hallucinate.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

The nature of clinical supervision in psychiatric nursing: a survey of clinical specialists.

There is a growing body of theory and research on clinical supervision within other mental health disciplines; however, there has been little study of clinical supervision within psychiatric mental health nursing. This article reports the results of a survey of 61 psychiatric mental health specialists to determine their attitudes toward selected supervisory issues. Two-thirds of the respondents had received further supervision beyond the master's degree, one-half reported a personal psychotherapy experience, and one-half were certified in psychiatric mental health nursing. There were significant differences of opinion between clinical nurse specialists who were certified and those who were not and between those who reported a personal therapy experience and those who did not. The authors suggest that more attention be paid to the development of curriculum content regarding clinical supervision in graduate nursing programs. In addition, they recommend further research on the topic of clinical supervision in psychiatric mental health nursing.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

OPT: transformation of nursing process for contemporary practice.

Over time, clinical, educational, and social forces have influenced the development of three generations of traditional nursing process. The first generation was concerned with problems and process. Analysis of second-generation models revealed interest in understanding the nature of diagnosis and diagnostic reasoning. We have proposed a third generation model that underscores the importance of critical, metacognitive, and thinking skills that support outcome specification and testing in clinical reasoning. Clinicians, educators, managers, and administrators are invited to consider the OPT model as an alternative to traditional nursing process. The OPT model may be one of many transitional reasoning models needed for contemporary nursing practice.

Decision Making↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Psychological evaluations, referrals, and follow-up of adolescents after their exposure to Hurricane Hugo.

PROBLEM: There is little understanding of adolescent appraisal of stress and crisis intervention for adolescents who are exposed to major stress such as that of a natural disaster. METHODS: A description of the psychological evaluations, referrals, and follow-up assessments made by nurse practitioners (NPs) and a nurse psychotherapist (NPT) of adolescents (N = 507) in two South Carolina high schools who experienced Hurricane Hugo. FINDINGS: The NPs' evaluations concluded that 63 adolescents (12%) exhibited symptoms of psychological distress. The NPs referred 36 of these adolescents to high school counselors for minor distress or school-related problems and 27 for more intensive clinical evaluation by an NPT. Of the 27 adolescents who were referred to the NPT, 10 had symptoms associated with adolescent adjustment reaction, 8 showed symptoms of depression, 5 revealed symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, and 4 complained of serious family problems. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these data and the mental processes described by these adolescents, the authors propose a model and suggest adolescent appraisal of stress and crisis is a critical issue to consider when intervening with adolescents who are exposed to major stressors, including those associated with a disaster.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Metacognitive skills in diagnostic reasoning: making the implicit explicit.

The metacognitive skills of monitoring, analyzing, predicting, planning, evaluating, regulating, and revising frame the nursing process and support clinical reasoning. Nurse educators who encourage metacognitive skill acquisition are likely to accelerate student comprehension, understanding, and mastery of nursing diagnosis, nursing process, and clinical reasoning. The models presented in this article have implications for teaching and learning clinical/diagnostic reasoning.

Cognition↗