Intractable tinnitus: psychiatric aspects of treatment.
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Adult↗
Biomedical subjects
D J Orchik
Publications and source records attributed to D J Orchik.
The effect of word list and talker variation on word recognition scores using time-altered speech.
Time-altered versions of the Auditec recordings of CID W-22 and Northwestern Auditory Test No. 6 (NU-6) were compared at five time-compressed ratios (0%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%) on twenty-eight normal-hearing listeners. NU-6 scores were consistently poorer than the W-22's, with significant differences observed at the 30% and 60% time-compressed conditions. The NU-6 data in this investigation were also compared with previously reported normative data, which used a different recorded version of NU-6. The scores from this study were found to be markedly poorer. Clinical implications are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Children's performance on a binaural fusion task.
Binaural auditory fusion of 108 children (4, 6, and 8 years old) was studied using three lists of monosyllable words (WIPI) presented at two sensation levels (30 and 40 dB). The words were processed to produce three bandwidth conditions (100, 300, 600 Hz) and were administered via three presentation modes (binaural fusion 1, diotic, binaural fusion 2). Results showed improved discrimination scores with increasing age, sensation level, and filter bandwidth. Diotic scores were better than the widest bandwidth (600 Hz) condition. The results confirmed the contention that prior research results were equivocal due, in large measure, to procedural variability. Methods for reducing such variability and enhancing the clinical viability of binaural fusion tasks are suggested.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
The SSI and NU6 in clinical hearing aid evaluation.
The Synthetic Sentence Identification (SSI) and the Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6 (NU6) were compared in a hearing aid evaluation procedure using normal-hearing listeners and subjects with sensorineural hearing loss. Listener performance was assessed at three message-to-competition ratios (MCR) employing the same competing message. Aided benefit and residual deficit were evaluated for both measures and, in general, the results obtained with the NU6 indicated greater aided benefit as well as greater residual deficit than the SSI for these hearing-impaired subjects. The results are discussed in terms of the implications for clinical hearing aid evaluations.
Adolescent↗
A comparison of the NU-6 and W-22 speech discrimination tests for assessing sensorineural hearing loss.
The Auditec recordings of the CID W-22 and NU-6 word lists were administered to 30 adults having sensorineural hearing losses. Speech discrimination scores for both tests were obtained at 16, 24, and 32 dB sensation level. Results suggest that both tests differentiate sensorineural-impaired subjects from normal listeners, although scores were significantly better for the W-22 word lists at all sensation levels. Implications for the clinical use of these measures are discussed.
Adult↗
Tympanometry as a predictor of middle ear effusion.
Tympanometry is often used as a major component of medical referral criteria in both diagnostic audiometry and hearing screening programs. This use is based on an assumption that a relationship exists between the tympanogram type and the presence of middle ear effusion. The present investigation examined this relationship in 142 ears immediately prior to myringotomy. The results suggest that prediction of middle ear effusion on the basis of tympanometric data alone is difficult at best. The only exception is in the case of a flat tympanometric curve (type B), when a 90% occurrence of notable effusion was found. The clinical implications of these data are discussed.
Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
Auditory function in sickle cell anemia.
Auditory function was assessed in nine black subjects with sickle cell anemia and compared with a control population. No differences were found for measures of hearing acuity and undistorted speech discrimination. However, some suggestion of reduced neural function was observed in terms of acoustic reflex measures and time-compressed speech discrimination. One subject with sickle cell anemia displayed a distinctive auditory profile that we treat separately.
Adolescent↗
Impedance audiometry in serous otitis media.
The relationship between the results of impedance audiometry and middle ear effusion in serous otitis media was examined in 76 ears immediately prior to myringotomy. Tympanometry and acoustic reflex threshold showed the highest correlation with the operative findings relative to middle ear effusion. The combination of tympanometry and acoustic refex threshold was superior to the use of either component alone. Results are discussed in terms of clinical implications with specific consideration of hearing screening programs.
Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
Sickle cell anemia and sudden deafness.
Little is known about the relationship between sickle cell anemia and hearing loss. The case reported here illustrates the potential hazard to hearing during a sickle cell crisis. The audiometric findings are suggestive of possible cochlear and neural involvement.
Adolescent↗
Bekesy comfortable loudness: supportive case studies.
Two cases of radiographically or surgically confirmed acoustic neurinoma are presented. In each case a mild, unilateral sensorineural hearing loss was identified. Results of threshold Bekesy audiometry were negative while the Bekesy comfortable loudness (BCL) procedure indicated significant auditory adaptation in both patients.
Adult↗
Time-compressed speech discrimination in adult aphasics.
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Adult↗
Children's perception of time-compressed speech on two measures of speech discrimination.
Time-compressed versions of the WIPI and PB-K 50 speech discrimination measures were presented at two sensation levels to 60 children divided into three age-groups of 20 each. Results showed that average intelligibility scores increased as a function of increasing age and sensation level and decreased with increasing amounts of time compression. The PB-K 50 measure was found to be more difficult than the WIPI for each age-group under each condition of time compression and sensation level. The several factors under study were found to interact. The results are discussed relative to open- versus closed-message set response tasks and the implications for audiological diagnoses of children with central auditory processing problems.
Age Factors↗
Middle ear status at myringotomy and its relationship to middle ear immitance measurements.
Middle ear status at myringotomy was compared to middle ear immitance measurements in 76 ears. Clinical features examined included plane and mobility of the tympanic membrane, amount of effusion, and status of the middle ear mucosa. Middle ear effusion yielded the strongest relationship with immitance results. Plane and mobility of the tympanic membrane were not strongly related with clinical immitance data. Tympanometry and acoustic reflex threshold were found to be the best indicators of the presence of middle ear effusion.
Acoustic Impedance Tests↗
Medical treatment of tinnitus.
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Anesthetics, Local↗
Use of frequency-shifted/time-compressed speech with hearing-impaired children.
Several electromechanical aids to education for hearing-impaired children have been studied. One method that has received minimal attention is that of frequency-shifted/time-compressed (FS/TC) speech. This study was designed to determine if intelligibility scores on a standard intelligibility measure for children, whereby the words on the test was modified by 35% FS/TC, would show improvement from a pre- to a post-testing session. Nine hearing-impaired children were presented a 0 and 35% FS/TC speech pretest, then trained for 15 days using 35% FS/TC speech signals, and subsequently were presented a 0 and 35% FS/TC speech post-test. A second group of 9 hearing-impaired children were presented similar pre- and post-tests, but were trained under a 0% FS/TC speech condition. The group trained under the 35% FS/TC speech condition showed score gains from the pre- to post-test session, whereas the 0% FS/TC speech group showed essentially no gains from the pre- to the post-test session. The potential application of FS/TC speech to the education of hearing-impaired children were discussed.
Acoustic Stimulation↗
Time-compressed speech discrimination, reading readiness and the effect of clinical method.
Time-compressed speech discrimination was examined on kindergarten-age children grouped according to scores on the Lindamood Auditory Comprehension Test (LAC). In experiment 1, 34 children were equally divided into two groups based upon the LAC, and administered the Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification Test (WIPI) at 0, 30 and 60% time compression. In experiment 2, 32 children were similary grouped and administered the WIPI at 0 and 60% time compression with 60% always administered first. Significant main effects for time compression and test group were found. The effects of clinical method and clinical implications are discussed.
Child↗
Narrow band noise audiometry: the effect of filter slope.
Children with sharply sloping audiometric configurations were examined audiometrically using pure tones and narrow bands of noise with equivalent bandwidths but varying in filter slope. Thresholds were established at the octave frequencies from 500 to 5000 Hz. The results indicated more sensitive thresholds for narrow bands of noise with threshold sensitivity improving progressively as filter slope decreased. Clinical implications are discussed.
Audiometry↗
Comparison of pure-tone, warble-tone and narrow-band noise thresholds of young normal-hearing children.
Pure-tone, warble-tone, and narrow-band noise thresholds were compared in terms of sensitivity and clinical test-retest reliability. Eighty normal-hearing young children, equally divided in four discrete age levels (3 1/2, 4 1/2, 5 1/2, and 6 1/2 years) were examined. Thresholds were ranked from most to least sensitive as follows: warble-tone, pure-tone, and narrow-band noise. Test-retest reliability was equivalent for all three stimuli. Clinical implications are discussed.
Acoustic Stimulation↗