Sex-associated quantitative differences in the plasma esterases of inbred mice.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
D J Moore
Publications and source records attributed to D J Moore.
A comparison of circular stapling devices for rectal anastomoses. A study in dogs.
Mechanical circular stapling devices offer several advantages in the formation of low rectal anastomoses. The authors aim was to compare the quality of rectal anastomoses created in dogs using the two commonly available staple suture guns, the EEA and SPTU. Thirty dogs, 15 with each gun, had rectal division and anastomosis. The first 20 dogs (ten EEA and ten SPTU) were sacrificed at eight days. Anastomotic integrity was assessed using plain x-ray, barium enema, and postmortem examination and pressure studies. The remaining ten dogs, five in each group, were sacrificed at 48 hours, and the anastomoses were inspected and examined histologically. Eleven of 15 anastomoses in the EEA group showed evidence of breakdown compared with only three of 15 in the SPTU group (P less than 0.02). It is concluded that the SPTU gun created a more satisfactory anastomosis and that this was probably due to its staples having an adjustable closure.
Animals↗
Low dose intraarterial thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator: does it deliver as promised?
The widespread use of intraarterial thrombolytic therapy has been based on perceived benefits over operative treatment and the downgrading of the magnitude of subsequent surgery. Thirty-three patients who had thrombolysis for peripheral artery occlusion were retrospectively analyzed at St. James's Hospital from 1991 to 1997. One patient received streptokinase unsuccessfully. Five other patient's records were inadequate for analysis. Twenty-seven patient's notes were analyzed for risk, duration of occlusion, duration of treatment, dosage of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and conduits thrombolysed. There were 15 males and 12 females. The mean age was 62 years (range, 20-87). Fourteen were current or reformed smokers. Five were diabetic. Indications for treatment included acute graft occlusion (n=13), embolus (n=6), and primary and secondary arterial thrombosis (n=8). Duration of occlusion was less than 24 hours in seven, 1 to 7 days in ten, and more than 7 days in ten patients. Twelve (44.44%) patients had complete clot lysis, four (14.81%) had partial clearance, and 11 (40.74%) remained occluded. Eight (29.63%) had serious complications including one death. Eighteen (66.66%) patients needed further surgical intervention to maintain graft patency. Data were analyzed using the chi-square and pooled t test. No significant difference was observed in results from thrombolysis from different conduits, gender, etiology, or smoking history. Increased duration of tPA administration was associated with an increased risk of failure. Administration of total dosages greater than 60 mg was associated with a higher risk of failure. Diabetics had a poor outcome (p=0.0520). Only 44 % of patients successfully underwent lysis. A primary surgical option may be a more sensible course than lysis, given that the vast majority of patients ended up having surgery anyway.
Adult↗
Chronic factitious illness: a behavioral approach.
This paper describes a unique treatment for chronic factitious illness. While primarily behavioral in orientation, the treatment was designed to account for underlying dynamics of patients with this disorder. The advantage of combining behavioral methods with dynamic conceptualizations are underscored. The limitations of this treatment with factitious illness patients are discussed.
Adult↗
Assessing the interchangeability of the Hanau Wide-Vue semiadjustable articulator.
This study evaluated the ability of the Hanau Wide-Vue articulator system to be utilized as an interchangeable articulator system within a clinically acceptable range of accuracy.
Calibration↗
Planned homebirths in Western Australia 1981-1987: a descriptive study.
Descriptive data on all 995 singleton planned homebirths in Western Australia from 1981 to 1987, including transfers to hospital, were collected from homebirth records and other sources. Data on singleton Caucasian births in Western Australia for the same years are also presented. The proportion of homebirths rose from 3.5 per 1000 to 7.9 per 1000 singleton births over the study period. Women who had planned homebirths were predominantly Caucasian, similar in parity and marital status but taller and slightly older. They were not all at low risk as some had had complications in previous pregnancies. Transfers to hospital (antenatal, intrapartum or postpartum) occurred in 24.6% of planned homebirths, about 20% in each year transferring before delivery. The main reason for transfer was failure to progress in labour. Postpartum haemorrhage occurred in 8.5% of women, 1.9% of infants were of low birthweight and 3.2% were born before term. The perinatal mortality proportion was 10.1 per 1000 total births. Based on the results of this study homebirth practice in Western Australia appears to be characterised by appropriate diagnosis and referral of complications. As randomised controlled trials of planned home and hospital births are not possible, data such as these are important in evaluating homebirth practice and assisting in the formulation of policy.
Adult↗
Cryopreservation of rat and dog hepatocytes for studies of xenobiotic metabolism and activation.
Isolated human hepatocytes offer a unique way of studying the metabolism and mechanisms of action of drugs and toxic chemicals. Because of the irregular availability of human liver, a way of storing the hepatocytes until they can be conveniently used is required. Using rat and dog isolated hepatocytes, we have developed a procedure for cryopreserving hepatocytes in large numbers such as are needed for metabolism and toxicity studies. Hepatocytes were frozen in medium containing 10% dimethyl sulfoxide using a microcomputer-controlled freezing gradient and stored at -196 degrees C. Upon thawing, the total cell recovery for rat hepatocytes was 67%. Cell viability measured by trypan blue (TB) exclusion was 67%, 7-ethoxycoumarin (7-EOC) dealkylation 33%, and cytochrome P-450 75%, compared to fresh hepatocytes. With cryopreserved dog hepatocytes, the total cell recovery was 75%. TB exclusion was 62%, 7-EOC dealkylation 37%, and cytochrome P-450 68%, compared to fresh hepatocytes. The viability of cryopreserved hepatocyte preparations could be improved by density separation on Percoll giving a TB exclusion for rat hepatocytes of 85%, and 7-EOC dealkylation of 69% compared to fresh hepatocytes, with 67% of the viable cells recovered. Biphenyl was used as a substrate to measure integrated xenobiotic metabolizing activity by the hepatocytes. Total hydroxybiphenyl (OHB) formation, a mixed function oxygenase activity, was maintained in cryopreserved Percoll-treated rat hepatocytes at 86%, OHB glucuronide formation at 85%, and OHB sulfate formation at 20% of the values in fresh hepatocytes. In cryopreserved dog hepatocyte, total OHB formation was 39%, and OHB glucuronide and sulfate formation less than 10% of the values in fresh hepatocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Can pre-operative duplex scanning replace pre-operative short saphenous venography as an aid to localizing the sapheno-popliteal junction?
The accuracy of Duplex ultrasound scanning in locating the sepheno-popliteal junction (SPJ) was assessed by comparison with clinical examination and short saphenous venography. Twenty-three legs with varicosities of the short saphenous system had their SPJ located by Duplex scanning and marked pre-operatively. Varicography was performed on all patients. Clinical examination localised the junction to within 2 cm in 8/23 (37%) compared to 16/23 (74%) for Duplex ultrasonography and 21/23 (93%) venography. Ihis study shows that Duplex ultrasonography while more accurate than clinical evaluation, should not replace venography in the pre-operative localisation of the SPJ.
Humans↗
Prenatal screening for markers of hepatitis B in aboriginal mothers resident in non-metropolitan Western Australia.
Of 1947 Aboriginal women who resided in non-metropolitan regions of Western Australia and gave birth during January 1983 to February 1985, 42% of women were screened prenatally for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). The proportions of Aboriginal women who were screened varied from 17% in the southern divisions to 72% in the Kimberley region. The screening programme identified 29 Aboriginal women with a positive result of the test. On this basis, the estimated prevalence of HBsAg among non-metropolitan Aboriginal women was 3.6% (95% confidence interval, 2.5%-5.1%). According to the geographical location of the mother's residence, the observed prevalence of HBsAg varied from 0 in the southern divisions to around 4%-5% in the central and eastern divisions.
Carrier State↗
Target marketing of tobacco and alcohol-related products to ethnic minority groups in the United States.
This paper examines whether increased consumption of tobacco and alcohol products by minority groups is a function of the target marketing campaigns directed at these groups by marketers, and whether such contributes to the perpetuation of racism. First, a description of the tobacco and alcohol consumption rates of blacks and Hispanics compared to whites is presented, including a comparative analysis of the health effects and mortality rates resulting from the consumption of tobacco and alcohol. Second, the paper examines specific marketing strategies of targeting tobacco and alcohol products to ethnic minority consumers. This is followed by a discussion of whether these practices are a deliberate strategy driven by racism or just the pursuit of profit. A framework for answering the question is provided. Finally, the paper assesses the prospects for change in the future, and analyzes specific needs for future research.
Advertising↗
Hepatocellular carcinoma following neonatal hepatitis.
Hepatocellular carcinoma is an uncommon malignancy in young children associated with a variety of congenital and acquired conditions. It has been generally held that idiopathic neonatal hepatitis is not an antecedent of hepatocellular neoplasia in childhood. We report a 28-month-old girl in whom a diagnosis of neonatal giant cell hepatitis was confirmed by liver biopsy at 4 months of age who was followed up with serial liver biopsies. Hepatitis B and C virus infection and metabolic abnormalities had been excluded by appropriate testing. There was no history of parenteral nutrition. The morphologic criteria for a diagnosis of cirrhosis were satisfied in a liver biopsy undertaken at 23 months of age. At 28 months a laparotomy was performed because of continuing jaundice and the development of an abdominal mass. Biopsy of the mass revealed a hepatocellular carcinoma. Ploidy studies showed an aneuploid tumor and a hyperdiploid karyotype was confirmed by chromosomal analysis. This case demonstrates by sequential biopsy the progression from neonatal hepatitis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in a young child.
Biopsy, Needle↗