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Biomedical subjects

D J Miller

Publications and source records attributed to D J Miller.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Elevated levels of collagenase and prostaglandin E2 from synovium associated with erosion of cartilage and bone in a patient with chronic Lyme arthritis.

A patient with chronic Lyme arthritis and roentgenographic evidence of bony erosion underwent a synovectomy; proliferative synovium (pannus), containing aggregates of small lymphocytes, was found adherent to eroded cartilage and bone. During 8 days in tissue culture, the synovial cells produced large amounts of collagenase and prostaglandin E2, but only low levels of both neutral and acid proteinases. Sixty-seven percent of the lymphocytes from the synovium were T cells; 19% were B cells. Attempts to identify agent/antigen in the synovial cells were unsuccessful. Thus, the synovium of this patient, whose disease appears to be tick-transmitted, resembles that of rheumatoid arthritis. This finding further supports the hypothesis that many possible agents, including infectious ones, trigger a common pathway in synovium, which leads to joint destruction.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Moral and cognitive development in delinquent and nondelinquent children and adolescents.

Moral and cognitive development of delinquents and nondelinquents were investigated--96 boys and girls at three ages: 10-11, 12-13, and 14-15-16 years. Moral judgment was assessed via the Defining Issues Test, and moral conduct by a resistance to temptation task. General cognitive development was explored with Piagetian-like tasks: two concrete operational tasks, two formal tasks, and a role-taking task. With the exception of role-taking, the delinquents were found generally to lag behind nondelinquents in terms of moral and cognitive development. With increasing age, disparate performances between the two groups were consistently shown, with delinquents always lower than nondelinquents. The delinquents were also less likely to resist temptation than the nondelinquents, though no age differences were noted.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Seroepidemiology of viral hepatitis: correlation with clinical findings.

Antibody to hepatitis A antigen (anti-HA) is detectable in the serum shortly after infection with hepatitis A virus. The presence of IgM antibody indicates acute infection; IgG signifies past infection. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) indicates infectiousness and is usually present when hepatitis B virus causes active liver disease; its antibody (anti-HBs) is neutralizing and confers immunity. Antibody to core antigen (anti-HBc) is an index of hepatitis B viral replication when present in high titers; in low titers it reflects past infection. Early presence of e antigen (HBeAg) indicates a high degree of infectivity, whereas presence of its antibody (anti-HBe) indicates a lesser degree. Although markers of non-A non-B hepatitis have been described, the definitive nature and number of the virus or viruses are not yet clear.

Antibodies, Viral↗
PubMed1978

On the effects of divalent cations and ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate on action potential duration in frog heart.

Resting and action potentials were recorded from superfused strips of frog ventricle. Reducing the bathing calcium concentration ([Ca2+]0) with or without ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate (EGTA) prolongs the action potential (AP). The change in the duration of the AP extends over many minutes, but is rapidly reversed by restoring calcium ions. Other changes (e.g., in resting potential and overshoot) are, however, only more slowly reversed. Reducing [Ca2+]0 with 0.2, 2, or 5 mM EGTA produces progressively greater prolongation of AP; maximum values were well in excess of 1 min. This prolongation can be reversed by other divalent cations in EGTA (Mg2+, Sr2+) or Ca-free (Mn2+) solutions, or by acetylcholine. Barium ions increase AP duration in keeping with their known effect on potassium conductance. D600, which blocks the slow inward current in cardiac muscle, is without effect on the action potentials recorded in EGTA solutions, or on the time course and extent of the recovery to normal duration upon restoring calcium ions. It is concluded that divalent cations exert an influence on membrane potassium conductance extracellularly in frog heart. The cell membrane does not become excessively "leaky" in EGTA solutions.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1978

Halothane hepatitis: benign resolution of a severe lesion.

Three patients with halothane hepatitis were studied during the acute phase of their illness and for 10 to 14 months thereafter. Clinical, biochemical, and histologic data were obtained initially and during the course of follow-up. Despite initially severe clinical and biochemical presentations, with extensive bridging hepatic necrosis on liver biopsy, all three patients resolved completely and had minimally abnormal liver biopsy appearances at last follow-up. The results of this study suggest that hepatic necrosis associated with halothane hypersensitivity is self-limited and that despite the initial severity of the hepatic lesion, postnecrotic cirrhosis does not develop. Based on these three patients' courses, survival of the acute bout of halothane hepatitis is apparently accompanied by an excellent prognosis ultimately, provided that reexposure to halothane is avoided.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Hepatitis B in hemodialysis patients: significance of HBeAg.

Twenty-four HBsAg-positive (HBsAg+) hemodialysis patients were prospectively studied to assess (1) the prognostic value of HBeAg and its HBe1Ag and HBe2Ag components and (2) whether a difference in cellular immune status between HBeAg+ and HBeAg-negative (HBeAg-) patients could be defined. Sixteen patients were HBeAg+ and 8 were HBeAg- initially. After a mean follow-up period of 23.7 months, it was concluded that the initial presence of HBeAg correlated with the persistence of HBsAg because 15 of the 16 HBeAg+ patients were still HBsAg+ at death or last follow-up, whereas 7 of the 8 HBeAg- patients had become HBsAg- at a mean period of 3.8 months. HBe1Ag was consistently present in 15 of the 16 patients when HBeAg was detectable, whereas HBe2Ag fluctuated widely in individual patients over time. No difference in cellular immune status between HBeAg+ and HBeAg- patients could be defined; although both HBeAg+ and HBeAg- patients had a similar decrease in peripheral blood T cells and poor responsiveness to purified HBsAg, both groups of patients had stimulation indices to nonspecific mitogens within the normal range.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Experimental liver necrosis: hepatic erythrocyte sequestration as a cause of acute anemia.

A prospective study was undertaken to determine the cause of the acute anemia previously observed in pigs manifesting acute liver necrosis after administration of acetaminophen in dosages in excess of the LD100. A highly significant correlation was found between the degree of anemia and increase in liver weight (P less than 0.001) and a similarly significant correlation was noted between the increase in liver weight and 51Cr activity in the liver after administration of autologous erythrocytes labeled with 51Cr. Marked hepatic erythrocyte sequestration was confirmed histologically, whereas there was minimal erythrocyte accumulation in extrahepatic tissue. Erythrocyte glutathione content was not altered by acetaminophen administration. It was concluded that hepatic sequestration of erythrocytes occurred to a sufficient extent to account for the precipitous fall in hematocrit observed.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1977

Identification of lymphocytes in percutaneous liver biopsy cores. Different T:B cell ratio in HB sAg-positive and -negative hepatitis.

The lymphocytes infiltrating the liver were isolated and characterized as T or B cells in three groups of patients: 20 patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HB sAg)-positive acute and chronic hepatitis, 8 patients with HBsAg-negative chronic hepatitis with prior evidence for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and 5 patients with HBsAg-negative chronic hepatitis without prior evidence for HBV infection. The predominant cell infiltrating the liver was shown to be a T cell in all categories; however, the ratio of T:B cells was significantly lower (1.96) in the patients without evidence for HBV infection than in the patients who were HBsAg-positive at (7.86), or before (8.85) the time of study. The significantly (P less than 0.001) higher number of B cells in the patients with chronic hepatitis of unknown etiology suggests that a different immunopathogenetic mechanism is operative in this group. A peripheral T lymphocytopenia was observed in patients with both antecedent and existent HBs-antigenemia, but not in the patients without evidence for HBV infection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

K cells at issue.

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Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity↗