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Biomedical subjects

D J Martin

Publications and source records attributed to D J Martin.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Aggressive fibromatosis in childhood. Computed tomographic findings in three patients.

Three children with aggressive fibromatosis are presented and the value of computed tomography in defining the extent of the lesions and for follow-up and treatment planning is discussed. Aggressive fibromatosis is a nonmetastasizing fibrous lesion with a propensity for local invasion and recurrence after surgery. The lesions usually have a poorly defined margin on computed tomography and the attenuation coefficient is less than that of muscle with poor enhancement following intravenous administration of contrast material.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Computed tomography and lymphogram correlation in children with Hodgkin's disease.

In 17 children with Hodgkin's disease, abdominal computed tomography (CT) and bipedal lymphangiography findings were correlated in an attempt to assess the accuracy of CT in excluding the presence of retroperitoneal and pelvic lymphadenopathy. There was excellent correlation in 14 (82%) patients. In 13 of these, both studies were negative; in one, enlarged nodes were noted in the pelvis on both studies, which otherwise revealed no abnormality in the remainder of the abdomen. In one other patient, CT revealed lymphadenopathy high in the abdomen and these nodes were not filled with contrast medium at lymphangiography. Lymphangiography revealed pelvic lymphadenopathy in 2 (12%) patients in whom the CT scan was initially interpreted as normal. If strict attention is paid to adequate opacification of the bowel and retroperitoneal vasculature, CT is an accurate modality for excluding retroperitoneal and pelvic lymphadenopathy, particularly in older children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Diagnostic accuracy of neonatal brain imaging: a postmortem correlation of computed tomography and ultrasound scans.

The aim of this study was to validate brain imaging techniques in the preterm infant. A homogeneous group of very immature (less than 32 week) neonates dying in the neonatal period were sequentially scanned with linear-array real-time ultrasound scans, and after death with compound B static sector ultrasound and high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scans. All three imaging techniques were correlated with the autopsy results. All germinal matrix bleeds greater than 5mm in size and intraventricular hemorrhages associated with ventricular dilation or distortion were accurately diagnosed. In the immature infant it was difficult to distinguish the normal highly vascular germinal matrix and choroid plexus from hemorrhage into the brain or ventricles, respectively. Further studies that address the questions of accurate timing and incidence of bleeds must consider the spatial resolution of the individual scanner, the maturity of the brain, the site and size of the lesion, and the evolution of the lesion. For the diagnosis of major hemorrhagic lesions in the preterm infant, either ultrasound or CT scans may be used with confidence.

Brain↗
PubMed1983

Use of ultrasound in childhood thyroid disorders.

Thyroid ultrasound findings in 55 patients aged 6 days to 19 years were reviewed to assess the importance of this technique in evaluating childhood thyroid disorders. Findings were correlated with the available clinical, radionuclide, and pathologic data. In 25 patients with diffuse thyroid lesions (thyroiditis, Graves disease, euthyroid goiter, iodine-induced goiter, goitrous cretinism), ultrasound revealed only homogeneous thyroid enlargement or a nonspecific patchy echo pattern. In two infants with poorly visualized glands on radionuclide scans, ultrasound confirmed the presence of anatomically normal thyroid tissue. Twenty patients had at least one focal thyroid lesion seen by ultrasound, including nodules not detected by palpation in one child or by technetium scan in three. Thyroid malignancies were found in four of 13 patients with solitary thyroid nodules, occurring in two of four patients with echogenic nodules, two of five children with complex lesions, and none of four with echofree nodules. Thyroid ultrasound is a sensitive, noninvasive means of evaluating thyroid anatomy. Because it can detect thyroid tissue in the neck not seen on radionuclide scan in patients at all ages and can define the number and consistency of focal lesions, this technique offers definite advantages in assessing a variety of childhood thyroid disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Simultaneous comparison of tracheobronchial and right duct lymph dynamics in dogs.

The simultaneous responses of lymph flow and protein concentration were compared using lymph from the right duct (RD) and small afferent tracheobronchial (TB) lymphatics cannulated in the same dog. Lymph was collected during a base-line period and following steady-state left atrial pressure (Pla) elevations. For a mean increase in Pla of 14.8 cmH2O, RD flow increased 1.1 times control and TB flow by 2.5 times control. Total protein lymph-to-plasma ratios decreased significantly for TB lymph but not for RD lymph. Assuming TB represented pure lung lymph, the right duct was estimated to drain 4% of the total lung lymph and consist of 11% lung lymph with 89% extrapulmonary lymph at normal lymph flows. The lung lymph contribution to RD flow increased to 24% with increased Pla. Equivalent capillary pore dimensions calculated using endogenous protein fractions in both RD and TB lymph resulted in small pores of 100 and 90 A and large pores of 220 and 225 A, respectively. The fraction filtered through the large-pore population estimated using RD lymph was half that predicted using TB lymph. These data indicate that RD lymph data cannot accurately reflect pulmonary vascular permeability, since extrapulmonary lymph provided a major component of RD lymph flow at both base-line and increased filtration states.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Pancreatic changes in cystic fibrosis: CT and sonographic appearances.

The computed tomographic (CT) and sonographic appearances of the late stages of pancreatic damage in three patients with cystic fibrosis are illustrated. All three had severe exocrine pancreatic insufficiency with steatorrhea. In two patients CT revealed complete fatty replacement of the entire pancreas. In the third, increased echogenicity of the pancreas on sonography and the inhomogeneous attenuation on CT were interpreted as being the result of a combination of fibrosis, fatty replacement, calcification, and probable cyst formation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Focal ischemic cerebral injury in the newborn: diagnosis by ultrasound and correlation with computed tomographic scan.

Ischemic brain injury in the newborn is a common cause of subsequent neurologic deficits seen in older children. Clearly, determination of severity and location of such injury is important for management and prognosis. Although ultrasound scanning of the brain has been used extensively in the premature infant for diagnosis of hemorrhagic lesions, its use in the term infant for recognition of ischemic cerebral lesions has not been reported. Four cases are described in which focal echodense areas were identified on ultrasound scan of the brain. These echodense areas on ultrasound corresponded to the appearance on computed tomographic (CT) scan of areas of decreased density which are known to represent ischemic cerebral injury. In three of the four cases there were focal neurologic findings and/or focal abnormalities on EEG. In two cases, real-time ultrasound scanning demonstrated changes in arterial pulsations in cerebral vessels in the area of the lesions. Thus in both, there was diminution in pulsations within the echodense areas and in one case, an increase in pulsations was observed at the periphery of the echodense lesion. Our data demonstrate the value of ultrasound scanning for assessment of the extent and location of focal cerebral ischemic lesions in the newborn. Such assessment permits assessment of prognosis.

Brain Ischemia↗
PubMed1982

Congenital epithelial splenic cysts in children. Emphasis on sonographic appearances and some unusual features.

The clinical, radiographic and sonographic features of four children with congenital epithelial splenic cysts are described. All four cases presented with a left upper quadrant mass and few symptoms. In one case the spleen descended into the pelvis in the upright position. In three cases the sonographic findings showed the mass to be completely sonolucent. In the fourth case the mass was echogenic and echoes were distributed homogeneously throughout the mass. These internal echoes were due to the presence of fat droplets within the cyst fluid. Internal echoes may also be due to hemorrhage into the cyst. In all four cases a rim of splenic tissue was visible around part of the cyst.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Unusual renal distortion and displacement due to the spleen.

Occasional normal anatomic variations may produce radiographic appearances that closely simulate disease and visceral enlargement may cause unusual displacements of adjacent organs. Two cases are reported in whom prominent splenic lobulation caused flattening of the upper pole of the left kidney. The appearance simulated that produced by a supra-renal mass. The value of CT in differentiating this normal variation from disease is discussed. A third patient in whom massive splenomegaly caused upward displacement of the left kidney is also reported. The literature concerning visceral relationships in the left upper quadrant and the normal variations that simulate disease is reviewed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

CT of neuroblastomas and ganglioneuromas in children.

Computed tomography (CT) has made a profound impact on the diagnosis and treatment of neuroblastomas and ganglioneuromas. The size, location, calcification, composition, and contiguous spread of the tumors has been well demonstrated by CT. CT is essential for their staging, subsequent treatment, and follow-up. Seventy-seven children were reviewed, 67 with neuroblastoma and 10 with ganglioneuroma seen between 1976 and 1980. Fifty-eight had one or more body CT scans, 22 had metrizamide myelography and/or CT metrizamide myelography, and three patients had cranial CT. Intraspinal extension of tumor occurred in 11 instances, several requiring decompressive surgery. A workup plan for optimal use of CT and CT metrizamide myelography was developed from this experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

A syndrome of multiple gastrointestinal atresias with intraluminal calcification. A report of a case and a review of the literature.

An infant with multiple gastrointestinal atresias from the stomach to the rectum is reported and the literature concerning this syndrome is reviewed. The syndrome has been reported, to date, exclusively in infants born to families with a French-Canadian background. The radiological hallmark of this syndrome is extensive calcification of intraluminal content between the areas of atresia which appears as rounded or oval homogeneous radiopacities on abdominal radiographs. Inheritance is thought to be autosomal recessive and the etiology is uncertain. All previously reported cases have died. The significance of biliary gas, seen in postoperative films, is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Iron poisoning: assessment of radiography in diagnosis and management.

Severe acute iron poisoning developed in a 1 1/2-year-old child who had eaten an iron preparation that resembles a popular chocolate candy. Tablets containing iron, with and without vitamins, and the sugar-coated candy of similar appearance, were radiographed with human gastric juice in vitro. Times of dissolution of the radiopaque tablets were noted, to assess the value of abdominal radiographs in the diagnosis and management of acute iron poisoning.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1978

A critical look at delayed intestinal motility in gastroschisis.

The motility of the gastrointestinal tract after the accepted management of gastroschisis by using a Silon pouch and gradually reducing the herniated intestine is compared with the intestinal motility after primary reduction and closure of the defect. Since 1970, 46 children with gastroschisis have been treated at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. Twenty-seven were treated with a Silon pouch. Eleven died after an average postoperative survival of 17 weeks; not one had bowel motility that allowed oral feeding. Among the 16 survivors an average of 10 weeks elapsed between operation and the institution of full oral feeding. Seventeen children were treated by forceful stretching of the abdominal cavity, primary replacement of the eviscerated intestines and closure of the defect. Two died in the early postoperative period of conditions unrelated to the gastroschisis or to the procedure. The average period between operation and full oral intake of food was only 4 weeks. In addition, two neonates were admitted after primary closure was done at the referring hospital. Roentgenograms obtained postoperatively in 24 of the patients showed the "typical" dilated loops with air fluid levels in patients treated with a Silon pouch. The authors' findings indicate that primary reduction and closure of the defect has a distinct advantage over use of a Silon pouch in the treatment of gastroschisis.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed1977

Lead poisoning from lead-soldered electric kettles.

Lead poisoning occurred in two infants, causing lead encephalopathy in one but no symptoms in the other. Both infants had been fed a formula prepared with water boiled in a lead-soldered electric kettle. The diagnosis was suggested by dense metaphyseal bands in radiographs, illustrating the importance of careful examination of "routine" radiographs, particularly in asymptomatic infants.

Bone and Bones↗