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Biomedical subjects

D J Lloyd

Publications and source records attributed to D J Lloyd.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A study of protein turnover in preterm neonates using 15N enrichment of urinary ammonia.

Hydrolysed yeast protein labelled with 15N was used to measure protein turnover, protein synthesis and protein breakdown in preterm infants. The yeast tracer was given as a bolus intragastric dose and protein turnover was determined from the 15N enrichment of urinary ammonia over known periods of about 12 h. Six boys (birthweight less than 1500 g) with gestation of 27-35 weeks were studied either two or three times at post-natal ages ranging from 13 to 54 d. There was no significant correlation between protein turnover with increasing post-conceptional or post-natal age. There was considerable interindividual variation and reproducibility varied between different infants. We suggest that this is a convenient non-invasive technique for monitoring serially nitrogen and protein metabolism in infants and that as such it merits further assessment.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1989

Argininosuccinic aciduria--an underdiagnosed cause of neonatal death?

We describe a case of neonatal argininosuccinic aciduria, a condition we suggest is underdiagnosed. Although the clinical presentation can be of overwhelming septicaemia, certain routine biochemical investigations are indicative of this inborn error of urea cycle metabolism.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMed1989

15N tracer studies of protein metabolism in low birth weight preterm infants: a comparison of 15N glycine and 15N yeast protein hydrolysate and of human milk- and formula-fed babies.

Nitrogen flux and protein synthesis and degradation were estimated using a single oral bolus of 15N glycine or 15N yeast protein hydrolysate and measuring the 15N enrichment of urinary ammonia in five low birth wt infants fed a low birth wt formula and in six who were receiving their own mother's breast milk. Results derived from using 15N-glycine and 15N-yeast hydrolysate tracers in a randomized crossover study in 10 studies on seven infants showed, with one exception, higher turnover rates and more interindividual variation with the 15N yeast. Both tracers showed good reproducibility in two infants who had repeated studies. Although wt gain was similar in both groups, nitrogen intake and retention were greater (p less than 0.01) in the formula-fed group. Mean nitrogen turnover was similar in both groups, but there was a greater variance in the human milk-fed group which also had a greater nitrogen turnover/U absorbed nitrogen (p less than 0.025) and a lower excretion of nitrogen/U flux.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

Fetal fat measurement by magnetic resonance imaging.

A method to assess the average percentage of fetal fat with respect to other fetal tissue is described. This method was then used to assess the percentage of fat in 13 normal fetuses who had a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination late in pregnancy (38-41 weeks). The scans of a further 13 fetuses of diabetic mothers and one case of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), all of whom had MRI examinations in the last 3 years, were reviewed and similar calculations were carried out. Whilst the percentage fat range in the normal group was large, it was still possible to discern a difference between the normal, diabetic and IUGR cases.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1988

Surgical treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis: a population-based study in the Grampian region, Scotland.

Ninety-two cases of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) were diagnosed in the Grampian Region of Scotland between 1978 and 1984, for a regional incidence of 2.2/1,000 live births. Twenty-seven cases (29.3%) required surgery, 19 acutely and eight for delayed stricture. Acute operative mortality was 10.5%. Disease-related mortality was 3.3%, and overall mortality was 8.7%. Follow-up ranged from 15 to 77 months for surgical patients, with only three of 23 survivors having increased bowel frequency.

Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous↗
PubMed1988

Glucagon for hypoglycaemia in infants small for gestational age.

Twenty five infants who were small for gestational age received glucagon (0.5 mg/day by continuous infusion) in the treatment of hypoglycaemia. Twenty responded within three hours with a rise in blood glucose concentration to above 4 mmol/l. Five subjects subsequently required hydrocortisone to maintain glucose concentrations. Rebound hypoglycaemia occurred in nine infants after rapid discontinuation of glucagon or interruption of the intravenous infusions. Response was poor after maternal beta blockade.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1986

Classifying perinatal death: fetal and neonatal factors.

It has been common practice in the United Kingdom for more than 30 years to classify perinatal deaths according to the maternal condition that initiated the events that led to death. However, such an approach tends to ignore the baby as an individual in his or her own right. The need for an additional classification that identifies the pathological processes occurring in the baby in every perinatal death has long been recognized, and the classification adopted in the 1958 British Perinatal Mortality Survey has now been revised with this need in mind.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed1985

Pharyngeal dermoid leading to respiratory failure in a neonate.

Difficulty in resuscitating a neonate using bag and mask ventilation was followed by later episodes of apnoea and cyanosis. Intubation relieved the respiratory failure and revealed a large fleshy polyp obstructing the posterior pharynx. Computerised tomography showed there was no superior extension of the lesion and the polyp was removed completely on operation. Histological examination showed this lesion to be a dermoid or "Hairy Polyp".

Apnea↗
PubMed1985

Effects on plasma glucose concentration of light-for-date infants and infants of diabetic mothers of feeds supplemented with a glucose polymer.

Serial plasma glucose estimations were performed in 44 light-for-date infants and 17 infants of diabetic mothers fed 2, 3 or 4-hourly with feeds containing 10% additional carbohydrate in the form of a glucose polymer (Caloreen). In the infants fed 2 and 3-hourly, plasma glucose was higher following the high carbohydrate feeds, particularly immediately before the next feed was due. Given 4-hourly, the high carbohydrate feed had little effect in most light-for-date infants, and in one light-for-date infant and two infants of diabetic mothers the plasma glucose was lower at the end of 4 hours than following normal formula. It is concluded that the addition of glucose polymer to feeds given 2 and 3 hourly has a potentially useful effect in neonates at risk of developing hypoglycaemia, but it cannot be used to increase the feed interval to 4 hours.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1984

Neonatal upper limb ischaemia. The case for conservative management.

General supportive measures, the ability to avoid infection, the natural tendency to improvement and the feasibility of major reconstructive procedures later suggest that neonatal limb ischaemia should be managed conservatively at first, despite an alarming appearance. The number of infants at risk, especially due to prematurity and effective resuscitation, is theoretically increasing.

Arm↗