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D J Jussawalla

Publications and source records attributed to D J Jussawalla.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Descriptive epidemiology of bone cancer in greater Bombay.

Bone tumours are comparatively uncommon, constituting only 0.5% of the total world cancer incidence. As Bone tumors consist of several distinct clinico-pathological entities, descriptive epidemiology of tumors at this site can be based only on studies where they can be distinguished. Ewing's sarcoma Chondrosarcoma and Osteosarcoma are the principal tumors involving bones. The basic data utilized for this study was collected from the Bombay Cancer Registry which was established in 1963, and is the first population based registry to be established in India. For studying the descriptive epidemiological variables the most recent 5 year incidence rates have been used. As a group, bone cancers represent 0.9% of the total number of incident cancer are seen in Greater Bombay. Males in general are seen to have a higher incidence of bone cancers than females. Ewing's sarcoma was found to be the commonest bone cancer in Bombay. The age specific incidence curves present striking differences according to cell types of bone cancer. Time trends in the incidence of these cancers, over the past 30 years have been presented. Our data indicate that there is a decreasing trend in incidence of bone cancers in females, whilst the rates are stable in males. Ionising radiation is the only environmental agent to cause this cancer. The discovery of other risk factors is the key prevention and will depend upon the experimental work undertaken to develop sub-clinical measures of risk that can be applied in interdisciplinary studies to identify more completely the causes of bone cancers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Vasectomy and prostate cancer: a case-control study in India.

BACKGROUND: The role of vasectomy in the development of prostate cancer remains controversial. In particular, there has been concern about detection bias and confounding in the previously published epidemiological studies examining this hypothesis. With the goal of minimizing detection bias, we have evaluated the relation between vasectomy and prostate cancer in a population without routine prostate cancer screening. METHODS: A case-control study consisting of 175 prostate cancer cases and 978 controls with cancer diagnoses other than prostate cancer was conducted at hospitals covered by the Bombay Cancer Registry in Bombay, India. History of vasectomy, demographic, and lifestyle factors were obtained by structured interview. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Standardizing by age, 8.7% of cases and 8.3% of controls had had a vasectomy. The OR for prostate cancer comparing men who had had a vasectomy to those who did not was 1.48 (95% CI: 0.80-2.72) controlling for age at diagnosis, smoking status, alcohol drinking, and other demographic and lifestyle factors. Risk of prostate cancer associated with vasectomy appeared to be higher among men who underwent vasectomy at least two decades prior to cancer diagnosis or who were at least 40 years old at vasectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Although not statistically significant, the results of this hospital-based case-control study are consistent with the hypothesis of a positive association between vasectomy and prostate cancer. Because routine prostate cancer screening is not common in this population, detection bias was unlikely to account for this association.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Uterine cervical adenocarcinomas and squamous carcinomas in Bombay: 1965-1990.

OBJECTIVE: To learn if the increased incidence of uterine cervical adenocarcinomas in developed populations exists in developing ones. METHODS: We studied age-adjusted (world) incidence rates of pathologic types of cervical cancer from 1965 through 1990 in the population-based Bombay Cancer Registry and in the National Cancer Registry's hospital-based frequencies of 1985-1987. The t-test was used to measure the statistical significance of change. International comparisons were made. RESULTS: In Bombay, the incidence rates of adenocarcinoma per 10(6) women rose from 5.0 in 1965 to 12.9 in 1990 (p < 0.05). However, cervical cancers overall declined, from 244 per 10(6) in 1965 to 176 in 1990 (p < 0.001), squamous carcinomas declined from 167 to 129 per 10(6) (p < 0.05), other types of cervical cancers declined from 10.9 to 2.9 per 10(6) women (nsi and nonpathologically diagnosed cervical cancers declined from 61 to 31 per 10(6) (p < 0.05). Adenocarcinomas were 2.5% of all cervical cancers in Bombay's overall population in 1965, and were 7.0% in 1990; they were only 3.3% in 5 Indian hospital registries but were a higher percent in the Tata Hospital Bombay and internationally. The peak age of adenocarcinoma patients was 50-55 years in Bombay, unlike a younger peak age in the West, and 60-65 years for squamous carcinomas. CONCLUSION: These Occidental-type trends might be due to increased awareness of cervical adenocarcinomas and/or changes associated with industrialization. Such trends might occur in other developing countries in the future. Greater awareness of cervical adenocarcinoma and its early diagnosis by endocervical brush cytology are needed in such populations.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1997

Descriptive epidemiological assessment of urinary bladder & kidney cancers in Greater Bombay.

For studying the descriptive epidemiology of cancers of the urinary bladder and kidney, the data reported by Bombay Cancer Registry for the most recent five years have been utilised. For studying time trends in these cancers, data of the past 30 yr have been used. In Bombay, bladder cancer is very uncommon in the first three decades of life; but after the age of 30, the incidence rates increase with age, in log-linear fashion, in both sexes. The incidence of kidney cancer is almost absent between the ages 5 to 35; but later up to the age of 70, it show a steady increase. The incidence of urinary bladder and kidney cancers are found to be associated with the marital status in both sexes. No association was observed between the incidence and educational level attained by the patients having urinary bladder and kidney cancers. An increasing trend was found in the age adjusted incidence rates of cancers of the urinary bladder and kidney in both sexes during the period 1964-1993.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Descriptive epidemiology of the cancers of male genital organs in greater Bombay.

For different reasons cancers of the Prostate, Testis and Penis are important diseases for men. The incidence for prostate and testicular cancers are more commonly seen in developed countries, while penile cancer occurs more frequently in the developing countries. In Mumbai the incidence of prostatic and testicular cancers is low whereas penile cancer is high when compared with international reports. In Mumbai. The incidence of prostatic cancer increases only after the age of 50. The age specific incidence rates for testicular cancers are bimodal whereas the incidence of Penile cancer increases exponentially with age, after the age 30. In Mumbai. The incidence of Prostate cancer was six times higher in the Parsis as compared to other communities. The incidence of cancer of the testis is lowest in Hindus and cancer of penis is not seen in Muslims. The incidence of prostate cancer was highest among Gujrathis and there was an absence of penile cancer in Urdu speaking men. In Bombay the incidence of cancers of the prostate, testis and penis seem to be associated with marital status. The association between incidence and education level of the patients was only found in men having cancer of the testis. There seems to be an increase in age adjusted incidence rates for cancers of the prostate and testis over time period of 30 years, whereas penile cancer incidence was decreasing over the same period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The descriptive epidemiology and trends in incidence of nonocular malignant melanoma in Bombay and India.

Nonocular malignant melanoma is a rare but lethal disease increasing in incidence and mortality in western countries with improved survival if diagnosed and treated early. This study reports its epidemiology from cancer registry data in six different parts of India; its anatomic distribution and trends in Bombay from 1964 to 1984. Age-adjusted incidence in Bombay patients shows no increase from 1964 to 1984 unlike in white caucasians. Males exceed females in patients 45 years or older unlike whites, but are equalled or exceeded by females in those less than 45 years. The sole of foot and internal mucous membranes are its major anatomic sites in Indians as in negroid blacks. This cancer in Indians resembles that in blacks and nonwhites in affecting less pigmented epithelia and skin. Susceptible melanosomes and ultraviolet light exposure may both be involved in its aetiopathogenesis.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Trends in breast cancer incidence in greater Bombay: an epidemiological assessment.

Reliable data from the Bombay Cancer Registry show an increase in the age-adjusted incidence rate of breast cancer in women from 17.9 to 24.9 per 100,000 population between 1965 and 1985. By fitting a linear regression model based on the logarithm of the breast cancer incidence rates, it was found that the average percentage increases in crude, age-adjusted and truncated rates over this 20-year period were highly significant. Evaluation of these trends in the light of proven etiological factors suggests that the increase in breast cancer incidence is related to a gradual decrease in the proportion of women having a first child before 20 years of age and to an increase in the proportion of "never married" women. These findings were also applicable to the subgroup of Hindus (70% of the population) who show a significant increase in breast cancer over this period as well as a clear cohort effect, the younger birth cohorts in general having higher rates than the 5-year older cohorts. However, the Muslim and Christian subgroups were found to have stable rates. An earlier study of cervical cancer incidence over the same period showed stable rates among Muslims and Christians but a declining trend among Hindus. Breast cancer is now the leading cancer in women in Bombay, while cancer of the cervix uteri predominates in the rest of the country. Well-designed epidemiological studies are urgently needed to explain the phenomenon and to help control the increase in breast cancer before it assumes the magnitude observed in the developed countries.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Geographic differences in cancer incidence by sex at various sites in city wards in Greater Bombay.

In this paper an attempt has been made to study the geographic variations in cancer incidence at various sites, by sex, in Greater Bombay. Crude incidence rates at each site for individual wards have been calculated using the data collected by the Bombay Cancer Registry, for the years 1979 to 1984. To study the variations highest and lowest crude incidence rates in the different wards and the ratio of the highest to the lowest rates for each primary site were calculated. Detailed analyses show that there is a positive relationship between male and female rates for certain sites such as the Buccal Mucosa, Oesophagus, Stomach, Colon, Rectum and Liver. The Tongue, Oropharynx, Hypopharynx, Lung and Larynx present rates that vary widely in males but only slightly in females. Sites such as the Pancreas, Hodgkin's Disease, Lymphoma and Leukaemias do not seem to present any particular pattern. It was interesting to find that those sites where environmental factors are of likely value, such as excessive tobacco chewing and smoking tend to fall in the second category. Particularly striking is the the fact, that habits of etiological value are those to which men are more frequently addicted to than women, probably explaining the low rates in females of the wide variation in male rates.

Environment↗
PubMed1989

Declining trend in cervical cancer incidence in Bombay, India (1964-1985).

Population-based incidence rates for cervical cancer in Bombay showed a decline over the past two decades. The observed rates fitted to a log linear regression model showed a good fit. In an attempt to explain the observed decline, cohort-specific age incidence curves were drawn, cumulative incidence rates over common age ranges estimated, and the log linear model fitted separately for each of the religious groups that showed diverse age-adjusted rates for cervical cancer. It was found that the decline could be explained as a cohort effect, indicating that it was due to an upward shift in age at marriage in the younger cohorts. Furthermore, a significant decline was observed in Hindus in whom the mean age at marriage has increased from 12 years in 1921-1931 to about 17 years in the 1960s, but not in the Christians who even in 1911 had a mean age at marriage of 17 years. It appears that, in India, cervical cancer rates will continue to decline until 1995 after which it will stabilise unless there is a change in other risk factors.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cancer in Indian Moslems.

Moslems are the followers of Islam who, during the time of the Ghaznavid dynasty of Afghanistan, invaded India for the first time. Islam attaches equal importance to material and spiritual aspects of human life. Men and women have equal cultural rights. Marriage is positively enjoined and vigorously encouraged. Circumcision is compulsory before boys attain the age of 7. More than one wife (up to four) is permitted in Islamic Society. Differences in the habits, customs, and ethnic characteristics have all provided important leads for the study of cancer in this community. It is a sign of the times that some of the religious and social customs that were rigidly upheld by the older generations are rapidly giving way to "Modernism." Hence an attempt has been made to examine the differences found in the site-specific cancer risks in the Moslem community in Bombay. Analysis of the data was undertaken by sex- and age-adjusted and age-specific incidence rates. The common sites of cancer were found to vary greatly between the Moslem and non-Moslem populations of Greater Bombay. In Moslem men, the lung appears to be at highest risk, followed by the larynx, esophagus, tongue, and hypopharynx, whereas in non-Moslem men, the esophagus is the commonest site, followed by the lung, larynx, and tongue. In women, breast and cervix cancers, which rank first and second, respectively, in frequency in Moslems, reverse their positions in non-Moslem women.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Cancer in young adults between the ages of 15 and 34 years in Greater Bombay.

An attempt has been made in this study to examine the nature and magnitude of the cancer problem in young adults between the ages of 15 and 34 years living in Greater Bombay. The morbidity data utilised for this exercise were obtained from the Bombay Cancer Registry and the mortality analysis was made from the death records maintained by the Bombay Municipal Corporation. In Greater Bombay, the ratio of cancer incidence in this specific group as compared with the total incidence of the disease in the general population was very high in comparison with the Western incidence. The site most commonly affected by cancer in young adults seems to be the lymphatic and haematopoietic tissues in males and breast and cervix in females. The morbidity and mortality rates of the disease in the general population and in children reveal an overall male preponderance, but the situation is found to be totally reversed in young adults. Then again, the incidence as well as the mortality rates appear to decrease with advancing age in children, but in young adults the incidence increases with age. Leukaemia is the most commonly encountered malignancy in the young adult male, followed by cancers of the testes and bones, Hodgkin's disease, and cancers of the brain and connective tissues, in descending order of frequency. In females, breast cancer has the highest incidence followed by cancer of the cervix, leukaemia, and cancers of the ovary and thyroid. When the various registers are ranked according to age-adjusted incidence rates, the figures for Greater Bombay are seen to be at the lowest levels in both sexes.

Adolescent↗