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Biomedical subjects

D J Hole

Publications and source records attributed to D J Hole.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Regulation of Embryo Dormancy by Manipulation of Abscisic Acid in Kernels and Associated Cob Tissue of Zea mays L. Cultured in Vitro.

Sectors of Zea mays cobs, with and without kernels were cultured in vitro in the presence and absence of fluridone. Cultured kernels, cob tissue, and embryos developed similarly to those grown in the field. Abscisic acid (ABA) levels in the embryos were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. ABA levels in intact embryos cultured in the presence of fluridone were extremely low and indicate an inhibition of ABA synthesis. ABA levels in isolated cob tissue indicate that ABA can be produced by cob tissue. Sections containing kernels cultured in the presence of fluridone were transferred to medium containing fluridone and ABA. Dormancy was induced in more than 50% of the kernels transferred from 13 to 15 days after pollination, but all of the kernels transferred at 16 days after pollination or later were viviparous. ABA recovered from kernels that were placed in medium containing fluridone and ABA suggest that ABA can be transported through the cob tissue into developing embryos and that ABA is required for induction of dormancy in intact embryos.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1988

Fluorescent lights, ultraviolet lamps, and risk of cutaneous melanoma.

Exposure to solar radiation is increasingly being associated with a risk of cutaneous melanoma, and some risk has also been attributed to exposure to fluorescent lights. The risk of cutaneous melanoma associated with exposure to some sources of artificial ultraviolet radiation was examined in a case-control study in a Scottish population with fairly low exposure to natural ultraviolet radiation. The risk was not significantly or consistently raised for exposure to fluorescent lights at home or at work. The use of ultraviolet lamps and sunbeds, however, was associated with a significantly increased risk (relative risk = 2.9; 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 6.4), and the risk was significantly related to duration of use. The risk was particularly raised among people who have first used [corrected] ultraviolet beds or lamps more than [corrected] five years before presentation (relative risk = 9.1; 95% confidence intervals 2.0-40.6), in whom it was significantly related to cumulative hours of exposure. The risks associated with exposure to ultraviolet lamps and sunbeds remained significant after adjustment for other risk factors for melanoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Site-specific melanocytic naevus counts as predictors of whole body naevi.

Counts of melanocytic naevi of 2 mm or greater diameter on all body sites were conducted in 197 Caucasian adults in Scotland. Mean naevus numbers were greater in young than in older adults, and in females than in males. Naevus counts on the upper limbs, lower limbs, and trunk were strongly and significantly correlated with each other and with whole body counts. Thus, where whole body counts are impractical, counting naevi at any of these individual sites should provide a satisfactory method for studying naevus distribution in large populations.

Arm↗
PubMed1988

Cigarette smoking and male lung cancer in an area of very high incidence. I. Report of a case-control study in the West of Scotland.

Altogether 656 male lung cancer cases and 1312 age and sex matched controls were interviewed between 1976 and 1981 in a case-control study of cigarette smoking habits and lung cancer in Glasgow and the West of Scotland, an area with the highest recorded incidence in the world. The relative risk of lung cancer increased significantly for smokers whose consumption was below 20 cigarettes per day but did not rise significantly in those who smoked more than 20 cigarettes per day. Other smoking characteristics such as inhalation and tar yields of brands smoked did not explain this finding. Additionally, the relative risks observed at all levels of cigarette consumption were low in comparison with those in the published literature. By constructing an index of cigarette exposure which included the tar yields of brands smoked, an assessment of the risk of lung cancer in relation to tar exposure independent of amount smoked was derived. Only in smokers of less than 15 cigarettes per day was there a statistically significant reduction in risk of lung cancer associated with lower levels of tar yield.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1988

Cigarette smoking and male lung cancer in an area of very high incidence. II. Report of a general population cohort study in the West of Scotland.

A general population cohort of 7055 men aged 45-64 and resident in Renfrew and Paisley, two urban burghs in the West of Scotland, has been followed for 10 1/2 years. Analysis of the cigarette smoking and lung cancer (incidence and mortality) relation has been undertaken in order to establish whether unusual results found in a case-control study of cigarette smoking and lung cancer in the adjacent city of Glasgow could be confirmed. Lung cancer incidence and mortality rates increased markedly for exposure categories up to an average consumption of 15-24 cigarettes per day. Above this level the rates increased only marginally. Expressing these rates relative to that estimated for the never-smoked group and comparing them with the relative risks estimated in the case-control study revealed a similarity in terms of both the shape and the level of the dose-response relation. Comparison of the lung cancer rates found in this cohort with those observed in other cohort studies in the literature (UK doctors, US Veterans, and American Cancer Society volunteers) suggested that the West of Scotland rates were substantially higher at all levels of cigarette exposure.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1987

Relation between phenotype and banal melanocytic naevi.

In a study of risk factors for the development of melanocytic naevi in relation to the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma 197 white adults were examined by four dermatologists and naevus counts correlated with several other features. Highly significant associations were found between large numbers of banal acquired melanocytic naevi and the ability to tan easily without burning (skin types 3 and 4; relative risk 4.6), brown or hazel eyes (relative risk 3.5), green or grey eyes (relative risk 3.5) and brown or black hair (relative risk 3.7). No significant associations with numbers of naevi were shown for parity or use of oral contraceptives or other steroid hormones. This is the first study to find any relation between melanocytic naevi and phenotypic factors in a white population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Management of periampullary carcinoma.

Forty-one patients presented to our hospital between 1959 and 1983 with periampullary carcinoma. Twenty-six (63 per cent) underwent radical surgery, eight (20 per cent) local excision of the tumour, six (15 per cent) had bypass procedures and one was treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy (2 per cent). Potentially curative resection was performed in 83 per cent of the 41 patients. The operative mortalities for radical, local and bypass surgery were 7.7 per cent, 25 per cent and 16.6 per cent respectively. The degree of tumour differentiation significantly affected survival while local spread did not significantly affect survival in patients treated radically. The 5 year survival rates (calculated actuarially) for radical, local and bypass surgery were 34, 44 and 0 per cent respectively.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Peptic ulcer and cancer: an examination of the relationship between chronic peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma.

The relationship between peptic ulceration and gastric carcinoma has been examined using data from two large autopsy surveys. The first consisted of over 13,000 autopsies performed in a single hospital over a 20-year period and analysed retrospectively; the second was a prospective series of over 7000 autopsies carried out at 17 centres during a single year. In both, a lower than expected occurrence of coexistent gastric cancer was found in subjects with pathologic evidence of active or past gastric and duodenal ulceration. A statistical association between chronic gastric ulcer and lung cancer was noted. This study has failed to identify an increased risk of gastric carcinoma in patients with chronic gastric ulcer.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Benign melanocytic naevi as a risk factor for malignant melanoma.

Examination of 180 patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma and 197 control patients in a case-control study showed that the risk of melanoma is strongly related to numbers of benign melanocytic naevi (moles). Some unusual features of naevi--a diameter exceeding 7 mm, colour variation, and irregular lateral outline--also showed a strong association with the risk of melanoma, but the relation of numbers of naevi to risk was present even in the group of patients whose naevi had none of these unusual features. Biopsy of clinically atypical naevi from several of the patients at highest risk generally did not show dysplastic histology. Thus a group of people at high risk of melanoma may be identified by using simple clinical assessment of naevi.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Further evidence of the safety of tar in the management of psoriasis.

Current concern over the carcinogenic potential of cytotoxic drugs and photochemotherapy used in the management of psoriasis increases the need for an accurate assessment of the 'background' incidence of carcinoma in psoriatics not receiving these modalities. This study compares the observed incidence of carcinoma in 719 tar-treated psoriatics with that expected, based on data from the West of Scotland Cancer Registry. No increase in malignancy was found in psoriasis over that expected in the general population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Theophylline compounds in patients with reversible airways obstruction.

In a double blind cross-over comparison of a single dose 450-mg slow-release aminophylline (SRA) with placebo in eleven patients with stable, reversible airways obstruction SRA produced significantly greater increase in FEV1 and vital capacity from 2 to 9 hr after administration. A second double-blind cross-over comparison of 450-mg SRA with 400 mg of choline theophyllinate (CT) in eleven similar patients showed that SRA produced a slower rise in FEV1 and VC than CT. However, the increase in spirometric readings following SRA was sustained at 9 hr after administration where the spirometric recordings after CT were falling. Whereas CT produced a peak value in plasma theophylline at 1 hr, the highest values after SRA occurred at 4 or 8 hr after administration. The plasma theophylline level at 8 hr after SRA was significantly higher than that following CT. In this single-dose study, plasma theophylline levels obtained were within the normal therapeutic range and this was not exceeded and no side effects were recorded.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The aetiological importance of stressful life events.

Despite a large research effort, there is still some doubt whether life events can increase the rate of psychiatric morbidity. It is argued that this doubt arises from a confusion between measures of goodness of fit and measures of causal importance. The distinction between these types of measures is discussed. Epidemiological studies of life events and psychiatric cases are reviewed. It is argued that, in general, 32 per cent of psychiatric cases can be attributed to stressful life events. Within female samples, approximately 41 per cent of psychiatric cases can be attributed to life events. It is suggested that the effect of specific types of events on specific psychiatric disorders may be of even greater importance.

Anxiety Disorders↗