Thyroid carcinoma. A review of forty-six cases.
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Adenocarcinoma↗
Biomedical subjects
D J Hendrick
Publications and source records attributed to D J Hendrick.
Design characteristics for drug nebulizers.
Drug nebulizers should be designed to produce an aerosol which efficiently targets drug to the respiratory tract. In this article we review the basic principles of aerosol generation from both jet and ultrasonic nebulizers, and the factors governing respiratory tract penetration and deposition. We review methods for accurate measurement of aerosol dose and size, with emphasis on evaporative effects and the implications to drug nebulizer design. We identify three forms of drug aerosol waste attributable to: generation of non-respirable aerosol, losses to the environment, and dead volume solution; and we consider how each may be minimized through good nebulizer design. Finally, we compare the relative merits of jet and ultrasonic nebulizers, and conclude by predicting a new trend in future drug nebulizer therapy.
Aerosols↗
Epidemiological measurement of bronchial responsiveness in polyurethane workers.
A shortened protocol was developed for the epidemiological measurement of bronchial responsiveness to methacholine without compromising sensitivity, power, precision or safety, and without distorting the numerical value of the PD20.FEV1 (the cumulative dose from a doubling incremental sequence which provokes a 20% decrement in FEV1). It was used in a survey of 254 polyurethane workers (83% of the eligible workforce) exposed occupationally to toluene diisocyanate. The mean duration of each test proved to be 38 min, it was well tolerated and 64 workers (25%) proved to be reactors. PD20.FEV1 appeared to be distributed unimodally. It was significantly correlated with questionnaire records of shortness of breath, chest tightness, and wheeze; and with pre-shift FEV1 and FEF25-75. Even the reactors requiring the highest dose of 640 cumulative inhalation units (1 unit = one 8.9 microliters inhalation of methacholine 1 mg.ml-1) to generate a PD20 measurement reported significantly more wheeze than the non-reactors. This indicates that the test had clinical meaning throughout its dose range of 0.3-640 units. No correlation was found between PD20 and individual changes in ventilatory function across the working shift, but mean shift changes were negligible and not statistically significant. PD20 was also found to be unrelated to age, sex, race, smoking, cough and atopy.
Asthma↗
Airflow obstruction and mining.
Bronchitis and emphysema have long been described as diseases of miners, but the precise contribution of occupational exposures to coal and other mine dusts in causing these disorders, as opposed to cofactors such as social class, environmental pollution, and cigarette smoking, has not been fully defined. Epidemiologic studies have attempted, with varying degrees of success, to determine the incidence and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in miners as compared to the general population. The results from these studies, and those in other nonmining industries with dust exposures, are examined.
Coal Mining↗