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Biomedical subjects

D J Goode

Publications and source records attributed to D J Goode.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Specific imbalance of right and left sided motor neuron excitability in schizophrenia.

Fifty-three psychiatric patients, 16 with schizophrenia, 19 with affective disorder, and 19 with schizo-affective disorder were diagnosed by Research Diagnostic Criteria. Hoffmann reflex recovery curves were measured in the right and left legs of each patient. In both affective disorder and schizo-affective disorder, recovery curve height in the right and left legs was highly correlated. In schizophrenia, recovery curve height in the right and left legs was not correlated. These results demonstrate a right-left asymmetry in motor neuron excitability specific to schizophrenia. The findings are compatible with a deficit in hemispheric transfer that is unique to schizophrenia. Other interpretations can be made, including diffuse cortical or subcortical dysfunction in schizophrenia which disrupts transfer or interpretation or intrahemispheric communication.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Variations in the Hoffmann reflex recovery curve related to clinical manifestations of schizoaffective disorder.

Recovery curves of the Hoffmann reflex (H reflex) were measured in both legs of 10 unmedicated inpatients with schizoaffective disorder, depressed type. Neither recovery curve height of the right leg nor that of the left leg was significantly correlated with clinical psychopathology, although a consistent negative relation was noted between recovery curve height of the left leg and psychopathology. Right-left differences in recovery curve height significantly correlated with both Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression ratings of psychopathology, such that relative elevation of the recovery curve of the right leg or relative lowering of the recovery curve of the left leg correlated with symptom severity. Three patients who later developed psychotic symptoms when treated with bupropion, a dopaminergic agent, had lower recovery curves, indicative of increased central dopaminergic activity. Relatively lower left-sided recovery curves may reflect increased dopaminergic activity on the right side of the brain in schizoaffective disorder, compared to the left in schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Comparison of bupropion alone and with haloperidol in schizo-affective disorder, depressed type.

In an open study, 20 patients with schizo-affective disorder, depressed type, were randomly assigned to treatment with either bupropion alone or bupropion combined with haloperidol. Bupropion plus haloperidol was significantly more efficacious than bupropion alone, as judged by improvement in clinical ratings on the Hamilton Depression Scale and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Of 9 patients treated with bupropion alone, 3 experienced exacerbation of psychotic symptoms. While treatment of schizo-affective disordered patients with bupropion and haloperidol is efficacious, the use of bupropion alone carries a significant risk of exacerbation of psychotic symptoms. This finding is probably related to bupropion's dopaminergic effects. Further work is needed to evaluate the relative contribution of bupropion to the improvement in schizo-affective patients treated with both bupropion and haloperidol.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Breast cancer in hospitalized psychiatric patients.

Elevated serum prolactin levels caused by antipsychotic agents have been suspected of increasing the risk of breast cancer. The authors reviewed all the cases of breast cancer in 1969-1978 among the female population of a large psychiatric hospital and compared the incidence and prevalence rates of this group to expected rates. The rates of breast cancer among these psychiatric patients were not higher despite their use of antipsychotic drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Cortical laterality and asymmetry of the Hoffmann reflex in psychiatric patients.

Thirty-six hospitalized patients with schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder who were judged unresponsive to conventional treatment were tested 5 days after last receiving medication and retested 4 weeks after treatment with thiothixene, loxapine, or molindone. Cortical laterality for linguistic and motor functions was measured by visual half-field (VHF) recognition of words, dichotic listening (DL), the Crawford Small Parts (CSP) performance test, and finger-tapping (FT) dexterity. The recovery curve of the Hoffmann reflex was measured in both legs and lateral asymmetries of the recovery curve were calculated as lateralization coefficients. Cortical laterality measurements were also performed in 36 control subjects. Cortical laterality measures of patients were not significantly different from those of control subjects and were not related to measures of clinical symptomatology. The height of the H-reflex recovery curve (mean of both legs) was not related to clinical symptomatology. Recovery curve height of the right leg only was significantly correlated with the withdrawal-retardation (R) subscale of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Recovery curve height was significantly correlated with number of schizophrenic symptoms recorded for diagnosis based on the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC). Recovery curve height (mean of both legs) in medicated patients was significantly correlated with right sided preference as measured by both VHF and DL. In unmedicated patients, lateralization of the recovery curve was correlated with clinical symptomatology, such that relative elevations of the right leg were associated with higher scores of the R subscale of the BPRS, while relative elevations of the left leg were associated with higher scores of the anxious-depression (D) subscale of the BPRS. Left hemispheric or subcortical dysfunction, manifested by recovery curve elevation of the right leg, was related to schizophrenic symptomatology (R subscale). Right hemispheric or subcortical dysfunction, manifested by relative recovery curve elevation in the left leg, was related to depression symptomatology (D subscale). These findings are compatible with asymmetries of subcortical amine function in schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Daytime variation in serum prolactin level in patients receiving oral and depot antipsychotic medication.

Serum prolactin levels in psychiatric inpatients were measured at 8:00 AM prior to administration of oral chlorpromazine (CPZ) at 9:00 AM, and at hourly intervals throughout the day until 3:00 PM. Sixteen patients receiving CPZ 400 mg in equally divided doses of 200 mg twice daily at 9:00 AM and 9:00 PM and six patients who had received fluphenazine decanoate (FD) in doses of 25 to 75 mg 2 to 3 weeks prior to study were evaluated. In patients receiving oral CPZ, serum prolactin levels were elevated in the 8:00 AM samples; serum prolactin levels decreased between 8:00 AM and 10:00 AM and then increased sharply, reaching their peak from 11:00 AM to 2:00 PM. Serum prolactin levels were moderately elevated but relatively stable throughout the day in patients who had received im FD. The 8:00 AM serum prolactin levels were correlated with the peak serum prolactin levels during the day in female patients receiving oral CPZ, but not in male patients. The lack of correlation between base line and peak serum prolactin levels in male patients is most likely due to interference from the sleep-induced prolactin increase in 8:00 AM samples. Serum prolactin levels at 9:00 AM were significantly correlated with peak serum prolactin levels in both male and female patients. The importance of determining diurnal variation in serum prolactin levels in psychiatric patients is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Descriptive studies of H-reflex recovery curves in psychiatric patients.

The rate of recovery of the H-reflex, an electrical evoked monosynaptic spinal cord reflex, was abnormally high (fast) in over 20% of unmedicated psychotic patients of all major diagnostic classes. A few patients had significantly lower H-reflex recovery curves. Chronic neuroleptic treatment produced relatively lower recovery curves, whereas fluoxetine, a specific serotonin uptake blocker, produced relatively higher curves.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

Lateral asymmetry of the Hoffmann reflex: relation to cortical laterality.

Lateral asymmetry of the Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) recovery curve was found in seven subjects with no personal or family history of neurological or psychiatric disorder. Differences between recovery curves from the right and left leg were larger than differences in the same leg on two successive test days. In a group of 27 psychiatric inpatients, lateral asymmetry of the later portion of the recovery curve was correlated with cortical laterality, as measured by selective identification of differing verbal stimuli presented simultaneously to both ears (DL) and to total laterality scores, a sum of visual half-field, DL, and motor laterality scores. Asymmetry of the recovery curve is related in part to cortical laterality, possibly through selective activation of cortical motor centres on the preferred side.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of clozapine on human serum prolactin levels.

The authors determined serum prolactin levels in 13 patients receiving clozapine, an antipsychotic drug that does not produce extrapyramidal side effects. Morning serum prolactin levels, 11 hours after the last dose, were not elevated during chronic treatment with clozapine in any subject despite its therapeutic effects. Serum prolactin levels were moderately increased between 90 minutes and 4 hours after administration of very high doses of oral clozapine in 4 patients but were smaller than those produced by chlorpromazine in other subjects. The authors suggest that clozapine in other subjects. The authors suggest that clozapine may achieve its antipsychotic effect differently than do classical neuroleptics and that sustained prolactin increases are not essential for antipsychotic action.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

The relationship between wrist-monitored motor activity and serum CPK activity in psychiatric in-patients.

Motor activity, monitored by a wrist motion transducer, was related to serum CPK activity the following morning in a group of psychiatric in-patients. In 4 of 10 patients, studied for periods exceeding one week, total 24-hour activity was significantly correlated with morning serum CPK activity. Motor activity during the night was unrelated to serum CPK activity. In a larger group of 30 patients, studied for one or two-day periods, inter-individual differences in activity level were not related to serum CPK activity, although both sex and race were significantly related to variance between subjects in that activity.

Creatine Kinase↗