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Biomedical subjects

D J Coster

Publications and source records attributed to D J Coster.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Antimicrobial activity of topical anaesthetic preparations.

Eight commercial topical anaesthetic preparations were tested for their ability to inhibit microbial growth in vitro by incubating serial dilutions with each of 4 micro-organisms. In addition corneas of mice were infected with Staphylococcus aureus, and the effect of the anaesthetics on isolation rates of bacteria was investigated. The preparations were shown to have a wide range of antimicrobial activity, correlating both with the active agents and the preservatives. We suggest that some preparations are unsuitable for use prior to collection of specimens from human corneal ulcers.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed1981

Prognostic indicators of herpetic keratitis. Analysis of a five-year observation period after corneal ulceration.

Clinical features of 152 patients with herpetic keratitis after a five-year observation period were analyzed. When compared with dendritic ulceration, geographic ulcers that had been symptomatically present for a longer time were more likely to have been treated with a topical steroid and took longer to heal. After treatment of the corneal ulceration, 40% of the patients experienced a recurrent herpetic ulcer, 25% experienced disciform or irregular stromal keratouveitis, 5% experienced ocular hypertension, and 6% had a decrease in visual acuity caused by corneal scarring. Recurrent ulcerative herpetic keratitis occurred more frequently in men and in patients who entered the study with a history or previous herpetic ulceration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Acyclovir and debridement in the treatment of ulcerative herpetic keratitis.

We treated 25 patients with dendritic keratitis with debridement and 3% acyclovir ointment and another 25 with acyclovir alone. The patients were randomly assigned to the two treatment groups. There were only minimal adverse effects in both groups. The combination of debridement and acyclovir produced a significantly more rapid healing rate than did acyclovir alone. Factors associated with prolonged healing time were duration of symptoms (longer than one week), length of the epithelial defect (greater than 4 mm), proximity of the defect to the corneoscleral limbus (less than 2 mm), and the presence of stromal inflammation.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1981

Moraxella keratitis in a nonalcoholic population.

Moraxella keratitis has been commonly described as a disease of debilitated older patients, particularly malnourished chronic alcoholics. This communication reviews the features of corneal infection due to Moraxella nonliquifaciens occurring in both young and old patients in otherwise good general health. Chronic corneal epithelial disturbance was a common finding in the 8 patients reported, indicating that more localised corneal debilitation may have a role in the pathogenesis of this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Factors affecting the outcome of corneal transplantation.

Corneal grafting has been attempted for 200 years. Greatly improved results in recent years have been attributed to developments in anaesthesia, asepsis, and immunological and anti-inflammatory therapy. The important factors affecting the outcome of corneal grafting today are the degree of vascularisation of the cornea before surgery, the inflammatory status at the time of surgery, and the number of antigenic determinants shared by donor and host. Allograft rejection is the most common cause of corneal graft failure. Animal experiments suggest that cyclosporin A given at the time of surgery is likely to prove the most effective means available for preventing corneal graft rejection. Although the introduction of more specific immunosuppressive agents is important, the development of techniques to improve the environment of the outer eye demands the highest priority. Corneal disease is the commonest cause of blindness on a world scale, but many patients are unacceptable for grafting with the currently accepted criteria for operability.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Prognosis and management of corneal transplantation for herpetic keratitis.

One hundred thirty-two penetrating keratoplasties (91 patients) for herpetic keratoplasty were reviewed retrospectively. The overall survival rate of clear keratoplasties to two years was 64% and to five years was 62%. The significant prognostic factors were preoperative ocular inflammatory status and degree of corneal vascularization. The two-year survival rate of a clear keratoplasty was 69% where eyes were inflamed at the time of surgery, compared with 44% in actively inflamed eyes. Allograft rejection, the major cause of a clouded herpetic keratoplasty, increased in frequency with increasing corneal vascularization. Antiviral cover was not used with routine postoperative steroids or with steroid intensive therapy for rejection. Epithelial herpetic recurrences occurred in 32% of eyes undergoing allograft rejection within four months of initiation of treatment for rejection. This is compared with otherwise uncomplicated keratoplasties where the epithelial recurrence rate was 6% at four months, on high-dose postoperative corticosteroid therapy without antiviral cover.

Corneal Transplantation↗
PubMed1980

Branhamella keratitis.

Three cases of suppurative keratitis caused by Branhamella catarrhalis are described. Each presented as a localised stromal infiltrate in a previously scarred cornea. The condition responded to penicillin G and to gentamicin treatment.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1980

Effect of cyclosporin A on the survival of corneal grafts in rabbits.

Cyclosporin A given to rabbits intramuscularly in a dose of 25 mg/kg/day for up to 28 days after corneal transfer results in a marked prolongation in the survival of penetrating corneal grafts compared to that in an untreated control group. Cyclosporin A 1% drops did not prolong survival of the corneal graft, but this may be related to the need for skin transfer 14 days after corneal transfer to ensure rejection, and supports the idea that the drug plays an immunosuppressive role at the time and place of sensitisation.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Efficacy of acycloguanosine (Wellcome 248U) against herpes-simplex corneal ulcers.

Acycloguanosine (9-[-hydroxyethoxymethyl]guanine) (Wellcome 248U) has a highly specific and potent antiviral action against herpes-simplex virus (H.S.V.) types I and II in cell-culture systems and in animal models of H.S.V. infection in the brain, skin, and eye. Its efficacy in man was tested in twenty-four patients with dendritic corneal epithelial ulcers treated by minimal wiping debridement. Patients were randomly allocated to treatment with 3% acycloguanosine eye ointment or placebo. There were seven recurrences or recrudescences of typical corneal epithelial herpetic lesions within 1 week of debridement in the twelve patients who received placebo, and no recurrences in the twelve who received acycloguanosine. Four further patients with dendritic ulcers have been electively treated with topical acycloguanosine alone. Their ulcers all healed briskly. No adverse effects were seen with the acycloguanosine therapy. These results establish that acycloguanosine is a clinically effective antiviral drug against H.S.V. infection in man.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1979

Herpetic canalicular obstruction.

Viral infection is a common cause of acquired obstruction of the lacrimal canalicular system. A series of 20 patients with canalicular obstruction attributable to infection with herpes simplex is reported, and 1 case is described in detail.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Treatment of amoeboid herpetic ulcers with adenine arabinoside or trifluorothymidine.

In previous studies adenine arabinoside and trifluorothymidine were found to be equally effective treatments for dendritic ulcers of the cornea, but a trend emerged which suggested that in amoeboid ulcers trifluorothymidine was more effective. The collection of additional cases confirms the superiority of trifluorothymidine in such cases.

Corneal Ulcer↗