Hazardous materials (HAZMAT) carry many inherent dangers. Such materials are distributed widely in industrial and military sites. Toxic trauma (TT) denotes the complex of systemic and organ injury caused by toxic agents. Often, TT is associated with other injuries that also require the application of life-support techniques. Rapid onset of acute respiratory failure and consequent cardiovascular failure are of primary concern. Management of TT casualties is dependent upon the characteristics of the toxic agents involved and on the demographics surrounding the HAZMAT incident. Agents that can produce TT possess two pairs of salient characteristics: (1) causality (toxicity and latency), and (2) EMS system (persistency and transmissibility). Two characteristics of presentations are important: (1) incident presentation, and (2) casualty presentation. In addition, many of these agents complicate the processes associated with anaesthesia and must be dealt with. Failure of recognition of these factors may result in the development of respiratory distress syndromes and multiorgan system failure, or even death.

Causality↗

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Linear childhood discoid lupus erythematosus following the lines of Blaschko: a case report with review of the linear manifestations of lupus erythematosus.

Seventeen cases of childhood discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) have been previously reported in the literature. We describe the first reported case of childhood linear DLE following the lines of Blaschko. The clinical and histologic characteristics of childhood DLE are discussed and a review of the linear manifestations of childhood LE is presented.

Biopsy↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Reproductive laboratory technology: an alternative career.

OBJECTIVES: Define the job description for reproductive laboratory technologist (RLT); describe the RLT laboratory setting; identify education level and certification of the respondents; establish level of job satisfaction and job security; determine if certification and position affect performance and job satisfaction; compare RLT job with any previous clinical laboratory position; and document education and training important for the position. SURVEY INSTRUMENT: A questionnaire was developed with questions targeted to answer objectives. SURVEY POPULATION: The questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 300 non-physician members from the Reproductive Biology Professional Group and the Reproductive Laboratory Technology Group from membership lists provided by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. STUDY POPULATION: 81 survey respondents. RESULTS: RLTs are mostly college-educated, certified and non-certified laboratory professionals, trained on the job for specialty work in andrology and assisted reproductive technology (ART). Position, but not certification, correlate with job performance and job satisfaction. Respondents describe the position of RLT as stressful, but very interesting, exciting, fulfilling, and secure. Respondents with previous clinical laboratory experience rated level of job satisfaction higher for the reproductive laboratory. The CLS curriculum is an excellent background for RLT. CONCLUSIONS: RLT is an exciting career alternative for CLSs. Newly formed laws and regulations, and the demand for more stringent regulation, will continue to increase the demand for certified CLSs for this position. Formal education and certification requirements are anticipated for RLT. The specialty is being incorporated in CLS training programs.

Career Choice↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evidence for hyaluronan production in the air pouch model in rats.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our work was to investigate the presence of hyaluronan (HA) in the rat air pouch and its behaviour in response to inflammatory stimuli. METHODS: HA levels (by a microplate assay) and the leucocyte count were determined in the fluid obtained from air pouches in which acute or subacute inflammation had been induced by the injection of monosodium urate crystals (MSU) or high density polyethylene (HDPE) debris respectively and in relative controls. RESULTS: In control pouches of both groups, remarkable levels of HA were found; these levels were higher in the very first hours (2475 and 1850 micrograms/l at 6 hrs) and then gradually decreased. In pouches injected with MSU, HA moderately increased (p < 0.001) after 6 hrs, reached a peak after 12 hrs (p < 0.001) and began to taper at 24 hrs (p < 0.001). The leucocyte count was also increased at 6 hrs (p < 0.001), became higher at 12 hrs (p < 0.001) and tapered at 24 hrs (p < 0.001). In the HDPE pouches, HA levels were significantly reduced with respect to controls after 6 hours (p < 0.001), increasing later (p < 0.001) to reach a peak at 24 hrs (p < 0.001), and returning to the original levels, or even below, in the following 72 hours. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm that the pouch lining produces fair amounts of HA and provide evidence that, in this system, HA levels seem to be influenced by the degree of inflammation even if with variable behaviour in relation to the different characteristics and phases of phlogosis. The present data suggest that the air pouch is a useful experimental model for studies on HA metabolism in either acute or chronic inflammation.

Air↗