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D J Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to D J Anderson.

At least 253 records · Page 14Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Interferon-gamma receptors on human gestational choriocarcinoma cell lines: quantitative and functional studies.

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to further define the effects of interferon-gamma on choriocarcinoma cell lines and to determine whether variations in response among cell lines are attributable to quantitative differences in interferon-gamma receptors. STUDY DESIGN: Interferon-gamma receptors were quantified on BeWo, JEG-3 and Jar choriocarcinoma cell lines by a radiolabeled interferon-gamma ligand binding assay. The response of these cell lines to interferon-gamma was measured in two functional assays: a cell proliferation assay and a cell lysis assay after exposure to interferon-gamma with and without actinomycin-D. RESULTS: The number of interferon-gamma receptors on BeWo, Jar, and JEG-3 cells did not differ significantly (650, 560, and 420 interferon-gamma receptors per cell, respectively). Proliferation of all three choriocarcinoma cell lines was significantly inhibited to a similar extent by interferon-gamma. After treatment with interferon-gamma actinomycin-D, each choriocarcinoma cell line exhibited dose-dependent cell lysis; lysis of Jar was significantly less than that of either BeWo or JEG-3. CONCLUSION: These data further document variations in the response of choriocarcinoma cell lines to interferon-gamma and indicate that these differences are not the result of interferon-gamma receptor number but of postreceptor mechanisms.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed1992

Cryptococcal disease presenting as cellulitis.

Three immunocompromised patients presented with cellulitis as the primary manifestation of cryptococcal disease. Two were recipients of cadaveric renal transplants who were receiving immunosuppressive drug therapy. The other patient had profound lymphopenia and severe hypoalbuminemia due to intestinal lymphangiectasia. All had failed to respond to empiric therapy for presumed bacterial cellulitis before results of skin biopsy or aspiration were available for the correct diagnosis to be made. With administration of systemic antifungal therapy, two patients survived. Although other forms of cryptococcal involvement of the skin are not rare, cellulitis is seldom considered to be a cutaneous manifestation of the disease. Our cases and a review of the English-language literature indicate that Cryptococcus neoformans must be included in the differential diagnosis of cellulitis in immunocompromised patients and that the presence of cryptococcal cellulitis suggests disseminated cryptococcal disease. Prompt diagnosis and treatment may dramatically reduce mortality.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Generalized anxiety disorder vs. panic disorder. Distinguishing characteristics and patterns of comorbidity.

In order to examine the validity of the distinction between generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and panic disorder (PD) we compared 41 subjects with GAD and 71 subjects with PD. The GAD subjects had never had panic attacks. In contrast to the symptom profile in PD subjects suggestive of autonomic hyperactivity, GAD subjects had a symptom pattern indicative of central nervous system hyperarousal. Also, subjects with GAD had an earlier, more gradual onset of illness. In terms of coexisting syndromes, GAD subjects more often had simple phobias, whereas PD subjects more commonly reported depersonalization and agoraphobia. GAD subjects more frequently had first-degree relatives with GAD, whereas PD subjects more frequently had relatives with PD. A variety of measures indicated that our GAD subjects had a milder illness than those with PD. Also, fewer GAD subjects gave histories of major depression than did PD subjects. Among GAD subjects, coexisting major depression was associated with simple phobia and thyroid disorders and among PD subjects, comorbid depression was associated with social phobia and hypertension. Our findings indicate that the separation of GAD from PD is a valid one. They also indicate that, within disorders, unique patterns of comorbidity may exist that are important both clinically and theoretically.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Cone biopsy: has endocervical sampling a role?

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of endocervical sampling in women with abnormal cervical smears. DESIGN: A randomized study of two methods of endocervical sampling. SETTING: Colposcopy clinic at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary. SUBJECTS: 100 women with abnormal cervical smears selected for cone biopsy according to current colposcopy criteria. INTERVENTIONS: 53 women were randomized to have endocervical sampling with the Kevorkian curette and 47 to have sampling with the Medscand endocervical brush. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cytology and histology results from endocervical sampling compared with cone biopsy histology. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity of endocervical sampling was 56%, with a false negative rate of 44% and a negative predictive value of 26%. CONCLUSIONS: Endocervical sampling should not influence management when colposcopy is unsatisfactory.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Molecular cloning and characterization of the RNA packaging-defective retrovirus SE21Q1b.

The nonconditional RNA packaging mutant SE21Q1b contains cis- and trans-acting defects which cause cellular mRNA, rather than viral genomic RNA, to be nonspecifically packaged into SE21Q1b viral particles. Using genomic libraries of the c-SE21Q1b quail cell line, we have been able to construct a molecular clone of the SE21Q1b provirus. Upon transfection into primary quail embryo fibroblasts, the SE21Q1b molecular clone is able to recapitulate the nonspecific RNA packaging phenotype of the c-SE21Q1b cell line. The RNA packaging phenotypes displayed by several SE21Q1b/avian sarcoma-leukemia virus hybrid provirus constructs have further indicated that sequences responsible for the altered RNA packaging phenotype of SE21Q1b are localized in the left third of the SE21Q1b proviral genome. DNA sequence analysis of this region has revealed that the 5' SE21Q1b deletion has removed 179 bp from the SE21Q1b left long terminal repeat and leader regions. Several differences were detected at the carboxyl terminus of the deduced SE21Q1b nucleocapsid protein sequence in comparison with that of Rous sarcoma virus PR-C. Results of site-directed oligonucleotide mutagenesis experiments indicate, however, that the presence of these residues in the nucleocapsid protein alone is not responsible for the decreased RNA packaging specificity of SE21Q1b.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Pulmonary nodular opacities after transbronchial biopsy in patients with lung transplants.

Focal nodular opacities were seen on 26 of 74 (35%) postbiopsy radiographs obtained in 39 patients who underwent lung transplantation. The subsequent clinical course and diagnostic evaluation suggested that the opacities were due to focal hemorrhage at the biopsy sites. This finding was evident on only three of 40 (8%) postbiopsy radiographs obtained in 40 control patients who underwent transbronchial biopsy for diffuse interstitial lung disease. The differential diagnosis of new pulmonary nodular opacities in lung transplantation patients should include focal postbiopsy hematomas, because of their relatively frequent occurrence in this clinical situation.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Omental flap in lung transplantation.

Some surgeons performing lung transplantation will wrap the bronchial anastomosis with omentum in an attempt to improve healing. The authors retrospectively reviewed the chest radiographs and computed tomographic (CT) scans of 31 patients who underwent lung transplantation with bronchial omentopexy to determine the CT appearance of the intrathoracic omentum and the frequency and type of chest radiographic manifestations created by the omental flap. The omental flap was seen at CT in all patients, was predominantly of fatlike attenuation, and contained linear areas of increased attenuation representing omental vessels. In 16 patients (52%), a total of 29 chest radiographic findings that corresponded to the omental flap were seen. There was no statistically significant correlation between the type of operative procedure and the presence of a chest radiographic correlate for the omentum. The results showed that the omental flap is a potential diagnostic pitfall on post-lung transplantation chest radiographs; when there is confusion, however, the omentum can be identified with CT because of its attenuation value and characteristic course.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Pulmonary vascular permeability in interstitial lung disease. A positron emission tomographic study.

We evaluated pulmonary vascular permeability with positron emission tomography (PET) in 16 patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) by measuring the pulmonary transcapillary escape rate (PTCER) for transferrin labeled with gallium-68. In patients with active ILD, defined by lung biopsy or clinical criteria, mean PTCER was significantly greater than in normal subjects (118 +/- 46 versus 21 +/- 11 x 10(-4) min-1, respectively, p less than 0.05). Mean PTCER in patients with inactive ILD, in contrast, was not different from that in normal subjects (32 +/- 10 x 10(-4) min-1, p = NS). Thus, these data suggest that PET measurements of PTCER might serve as an index of disease activity in patients with ILD.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Induction and repression of mammalian achaete-scute homologue (MASH) gene expression during neuronal differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells.

MASH1 and MASH2, mammalian homologues of the Drosophila neural determination genes achaete-scute, are members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors. We show here that murine P19 embryonal carcinoma cells can be used as a model system to study the regulation and function of these genes. MASH1 and MASH2 display complementary patterns of expression during the retinoic-acid-induced neuronal differentiation of P19 cells. MASH1 mRNA is undetectable in undifferentiated P19 cells but is induced to high levels by retinoic acid coincident with neuronal differentiation. In contrast, MASH2 mRNA is expressed in undifferentiated P19 cells and is repressed by retinoic acid treatment. These complementary expression patterns suggest distinct functions for MASH1 and MASH2 in development, despite their sequence homology. In retinoic-acid-treated P19 cells, MASH1 protein expression precedes and then overlaps expression of neuronal markers. However, MASH1 is expressed by a smaller proportion of cells than expresses such markers. MASH1 immunoreactivity is not detected in differentiated cells displaying a neuronal morphology, suggesting that its expression is transient. These features of MASH1 expression are similar to those observed in vivo, and suggest that P19 cells represent a good model system in which to study the regulation of this gene. Forced expression of MASH1 was achieved in undifferentiated P19 cells by transfection of a cDNA expression construct. The transfected cells expressing exogenous MASH1 protein contained E-box-binding activity that could be super-shifted by an anti-MASH1 antibody, but exhibited no detectable phenotypic changes. Thus, unlike myogenic bHLH genes, such as MyoD, which are sufficient to induce muscle differentiation, expression of MASH1 appears insufficient to promote neurogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Use of an intramedullary rod for the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia.

The use of an intramedullary rod as described by Williams, combined with implantation of an autogenous bone graft, resulted in union of an established congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia in nine of ten patients. One patient needed additional bone-grafting before union occurred. The average age at the time of the operation was five years and three months. A rod of the appropriate length was inserted at the site of the non-union, antegrade through the distal part of the tibia and the hindfoot and then retrograde through the proximal fragment. This resulted in splinting of the tibia, ankle, and subtalar joints. Solid osseous union occurred an average of six months after the procedure in all ten patients. Five patients had a refracture of the tibia after the initial consolidation. Three of the five needed one or more additional operative procedures; one was managed with a cast; and one patient, who had been followed for four years before the refracture, did not return for treatment of the refracture. As is the plan with this method of treatment, the distal part of the tibia grew off the rod and the distal tip of the rod was located proximal to the foot and ankle, or it was located more proximally than it had been at the operation, in six patients. The rod was removed from three patients. At an average of six years, all ten patients were able to walk without pain.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed1992

Social integration of older persons with mental retardation in residential facilities.

The findings from a study of the social integration of a national sample of 370 older persons with mental retardation were reviewed. Individuals were selected from a national sample of all facilities owned, operated, or licensed by developmental disabilities agencies having one or more persons 63 years of age or older with mental retardation (N = 235). Facilities included foster care, small group homes (3 to 15 residents), large private facilities, and large state-operated facilities. Information was obtained on resident activities and relations considered to be indicators of social integration through extensive questionnaires completed by primary caregivers. Comparisons of the differences in community integration among residents living in different types of residential facilities were presented. The relative contribution of individual and facility characteristics to the social integration of older persons with mental retardation was explored with hierarchical multiple regression analysis.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1991

Choosing the right antibacterial agent. Is 'newer' always better?

The newer antibacterials are proving in some situations to be more effective than the older agents, and it is tempting to choose them. In many instances, however, traditional agents remain the treatment of choice. Major drawbacks of using newer antibacterials include their higher cost by weight, compared with older drugs, and the emergence of resistant organisms or superinfection as a result of overuse. The newer drugs are best reserved for use when older agents would be inadequate.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1991

Clinical chemistry.

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Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1991

A Schwann cell antigen recognized by monoclonal antibody 217c is the rat low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor.

Monoclonal antibody 217c was generated against an antigen expressed on the rat glial cell line, C6 glioma, 217c has been shown to recognize Schwann cells in mixed cultures as well as in tissue sections and has been used to identify Schwann cells independent of other markers, such as monoclonal antibody 192-IgG, which recognizes the rat low affinity nerve growth factor (NGF) receptor. Here we show that the antigen recognized by 217c is the rat low-affinity NGF receptor. This indicates that monoclonal antibodies 192-IgG and 217c are not independent markers and therefore that additional criteria need to be used for the identification of Schwann cells early in development.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗