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D Izard

Publications and source records attributed to D Izard.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[In vitro study of the synergistic effect of cefotiam- aminoglycoside combinations on strains of low susceptibility to this cephalosporin].

Antibacterial activity of cefotiam associated with gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin, or amikacin against Enterobacteriaceae strains either moderately susceptible (MIC = 4 to 32 micrograms/ml, 14 strains) or resistant (MIC = 64 to 512 micrograms/ml, 22 strains) to cefotiam was studied using the checkerboard method. High rates of synergic associations (FIC index less than or equal to 0.5) were found, with variations according to the aminoglycoside: 65% for tobramycin and netilmicin, 76% for amikacin, and 81% for gentamicin. Activity of cefotiam is increased by the synergic effect of these associations: of the 36 strains tested, 83, 78 and 76% became susceptible to cefotiam (MIC less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml) associated with tobramycin, netilmicin or gentamicin, and amikacin respectively.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1984

In vitro antibacterial activity of three new quinolone derivatives: rosoxacin, norfloxacin, pefloxacin.

The in vitro activities of rosoxacin, norfloxacin and pefloxacin against 480 bacterial strains were studied. MIC90s of norfloxacin and pefloxacin were less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml for E. coli, Klebsiella sp., E. cloacae, Proteus sp. and Staphylococcus sp., less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml for C. freundii, Providencia sp., S. faecalis, and non fermentative Gram-negative bacteria, while they were of 32 micrograms/ml for S. marcescens. Rosoxacin exhibited a lower activity with MIC90s 2 to 16 fold higher against Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa. Ninety per cent of isolates resistant to nalidixic-acid appeared susceptible to norfloxacin and pefloxacin with MIC less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml.

4-Quinolones↗
PubMed1984

Evaluation of the four-hour rapid 20E system for identification of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

A study was conducted to compare the API Rapid 20E 4-h system (API System S.A., France; commercially available in the U.S.A. under the name DMS Rapid E System; DMS Laboratories, Darts Mill, Flemington, N.J.), the API 20E 18- to 24-h system (Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.), and a conventional media system to measure the ability of each to identify members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Comparison tables rather than simple percentage agreement tables were generated to define the particular strengths and weaknesses of each system and to allow the laboratory to best use the data. The Rapid 20E compared quite favorably with conventional media. It yielded correct identifications with 95.9% of the isolates tested (API 20E, 98% identification rate). In 2.5% of the isolates, the Rapid 20E gave only genus identifications, and in 1.4% the organisms did not correspond to any key in the code book and could not be identified by the manufacturer's computer service. The ease of inoculation and the 4-h capability make the Rapid 20E system an extremely attractive development in the field of bacterial identification.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1984

Combination effect of cefmenoxime with four aminoglycosides on Enterobacteriaceae susceptible and moderately susceptible to this new cephalosporin.

The inhibitory combination effect of cefmenoxime with gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin and amikacin against 148 Enterobacteriaceae was compared using the checkerboard agar dilution technique. On average 41% of cefmenoxime-moderately susceptible (MIC between 2 and 32 micrograms/ml) or cefmenoxime-resistant (MIC greater than 32 micrograms/ml) strains were inhibited by synergistic, and 23,5% by partial synergistic cefmenoxime-aminoglycosides combinations. Against cefmenoxime-susceptible strains, these rates of synergy or partial synergy were twofold lower, but only one isolate was not susceptible to these combinations. The amikacin-cefmenoxime interaction was the most performant.

Amikacin↗
PubMed1984

[In vitro study of the synergistic effect of cefmenoxime-aminoglycoside combinations apropos of 148 strains of Enterobacteriaceae].

The synergistic effect of cefmenoxime -aminoglycoside combinations against 148 Enterobacteriaceae strains selected for their resistance to beta-lactams was studied. Against the 89 Enterobacteriaceae with cefmenoxime MICs greater than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml, the rates of synergy were high : 73 % (netilmicin), 67 % (amikacin), 64 % (gentamicin) and 56 % (tobramycin). In contrast, cefmenoxime-susceptible strains (CMI less than 2 micrograms/ml) had lower rates : 47 % (gentamicin), 44 % (tobramycin), 43 % (netilmicin), and 42 % (amikacin). Synergistic effects on these bacteria are correlated to cefalotin resistance.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMed1983

[In vitro bacteriostatic activity of cefmenoxime (SCE 1365), cefotaxime and moxalactam].

The in vitro activity of cefmenoxime (SCE 1365), a new cephalosporin derivate was compared with two other "third generation" cephalosporins: cefotaxime and moxalactam. Cefmenoxime as cefotaxime and moxalactam were very active against 305 cephalosporinase-producing and cephalosporinase-non-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Cefmenoxime was the most active against Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia enterocolitica with a mean MIC at least twice lower. Several strains of the species Hafnia alvei, Providencia stuartii and Proteus vulgaris were more resistant. Against Haemophilus influenzae, the activity of the three cephalosporins was higher with a mean MIC between 0,030 and 0,040 microgram/ml. Against carbenicillin-sensible or carpenicillin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, the three cephalosporins were not performant. Against Staphylococcus aureus, cefmenoxime and cefotaxime had an identical activity with a mean MIC of 1,5 microgram/ml against methicillin-sensible strains and a mean MIC of 5,5 micrograms/ml against methicillin-resistant strains.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1983

[Rapid, automatic methods for identifying enterobacteria].

The biochemical testing of Enterobacteriaceae can be rapidly and automatically performed with commercial identification systems. There are three groups of identification systems: the kits, the microtiter plates and laboratory apparatus. The ratios of agreement between these new systems and the conventional tests are equivalent. The two first categories of systems are inexpensive unlike apparatus which must be utilized only in important laboratories.

Automation↗
PubMed1983

[Rapid diagnosis of purulent meningitis].

The cerebrospinal fluid of 589 subjects, 78 of whom were suffering from a purulent meningitis were examined. Comparatively by classical bacteriological techniques (direct examination and culture) and by electro-immunodiffusion, latex agglutination, and Limulus endotoxin assay. Soluble bacterial Haemophilus influenzae type B, Neisseria meningitidis group A, C, and Streptococcus pneumoniae antigens, were tested by electro-immunodiffusion and latex agglutination, and soluble bacterial N. meningitidis group B, Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus agalactiae antigens by electro-immunodiffusion. Specific antigens and endotoxin were found in 75.8 per cent of the specimens with a rapid answer (120 min). The three tests revealed also only the diagnosis in 29.1 per cent of cases of pneumococcal meningitis, in 33.3 per cent of meningococcal meningitis and in 47 per cent of Gram-negative bacteria meningitis. Only five cerebrospinal fluid from the 589 specimens tested were given a non-specific reaction. These two advantages--sensitivity and specificity--of these three tests render them techniques of the future in the diagnosis of purulent meningitis.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1982

Rapid and automated identification of Enterobacteriaceae with the abbott MS-2 system and API-20E versus conventional methods.

The ability of the MS-2 (Abbott Laboratories, Diagnostic Division, Dallas, Texas) to rapidly identify Enterobacteriaceae, was evaluated. The results of the MS-2 and of the Analytab API-20E test strip were compared with those obtained from conventional tubed media. The MS-2 and API-20E completely agreed with the conventional method for 92% and 95% of the organisms, respectively. Only 0.5% (MS-2) to 0% (API-20E) of the organisms tested led to complete disagreement. Approximately 6% (MS-2) and 3.5% (API-20E) of the organisms would have shown complete agreement if additional tests had been done. For 1.5% of the organisms the octal code could not be found in the API-20E profile index. It was concluded that the MS-2 system provides a rapid (5 to 6 h) and accurate method for the routine identification of Enterobacteriaceae.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1981

[Taxonomic study of enterobacteria belonging or related to Escherichia coli species].

Phenetic (numerical analysis) and genetic (DNA-DNA hybridization) studies were carried out on strains belonging or related to the species Escherichia coli. They have shown the diversity of its phenotypes, by the presence of plasmidic characters (citrate+, urease+, H2S+, tetrathionate reductase+, raffinose+, and saccharose+). New strains related phenetically to E. coli are also individualized. They showed less than 30% DNA relatedness with E. coli. A new definition of E. coli is presented.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1980

[Microcalorimetry in the taxonomy of some groups of Enterobacteriaceae].

The thermogenesis of 17 strains belonging to 12 species of the Enterobacteriaceae family was measured at 30 degrees C with an ampoule microcalorimeter. It was analyzed qualitatively (aspect of profiles) and quantitatively (total heat evolved, thermogenesis duration, maximum thermal power). The value of these criteria is discussed with respect to their discriminating value in the classification of bacteria. The information obtained may concur with the identification of species; it gives ground to reconsider actual phenotypes and genotypes and taxonomy generally.

Calorimetry↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of Micro-ID, for identification of Enterobacteriaceae.

Micro-ID system is a new identification kit for Enterobacteriaceae which provides the identification at the species level 4 hours after primary isolation. When compared with conventional biochemical tube media, micro-ID gave a 94% agreement. Comparison of Micro-ID with Api 20 E showed a 90% agreement. A comparison of all 3 systems showed that for 90% of the time, the isolates were named the same by the all systems.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1979

[Study of a new group of Enterobacteriacea (group H1) related to Enterobacter cloacae strain].

A DNA-DNA hybridization study was carried out on a new group of enterobacteria (group H1) previously studied by numerical taxonomy work on the genus Enterobacter. This group showed a very high genetic homogeneity since the average relative binding ratio of nine analysed strains is equal to 91%. The taxonomic position of this group into the family of enterobacteria is discussed with the species E. cloacae (37 to 61%), K. pneumoniae (44 to 60%), K. oxytoca (57-58%), L. malonatica (syn. Citrobacter intermedius, a:46 to 54%), L. amalonatica (syn. C. intermedius, b: 51%), and the group H3 (52-61%). The group H1 is defined on phenotypic and genetic data.

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMed1978

[The GC content of a group of H2S- enterobacterial related to the genus Citrobacter].

The deoxyribonculeic acid (DNA) of 106 strains of Enterobacteria was analysed for the guanine + cytosine (GC) content. These strains, whose origin and principal characters are described in the text, belong to the genera Citrobacter (C. freundii H2S-) and Levinea (L. malonatica and L. amalonatica). Four other groups or classes named C.D.E. and F. could not be classified on the base of the usual phenotypic criteria. DNA from the strains of Levinea has a GC% of 50.3 to 53.3, while DNA from the strains of C. freundii H2S- has a GC% of 48.6 to 51.7. The representative values from the new classes are C, 50.9%; D, 54%; E, 52.7%; F, 49.5%. For the latter a genomic heterogeneity was shown, expressing itself as two subpopulations whose average GC% are 51.7 and 48.6 respectively. Statistical analysis of the averages give a significant individuality to these new classes.

Citrobacter↗
PubMed1977

[Taxonomic study of enterobacteria belonging or related to the genus Klebsiella (author's transl)].

This work studies the classification, by numerical procedure, of 122 strains belonging or related to the genus Klebsiella. Four classes can be defined: J (= K. pneumoniae: 29 strains for the most isolated from human faeces), K (related to K. pneumoniae and to K. oxytoca: 24 strains isolated from water), L (related to K. pneumoniae although, tetrathionate-reductase+, m-hydrobenzoate+: 37 strains isolated from water or soil), M (= K. oxytoca: 22 strains for the most isolated from water). The importance of the origins of the strains is emphasized.

Enterobacter↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ceftizoxime (FK 749) in vitro antibacterial activity.

The minimal inhibitory concentrations of ceftizoxime, cefotaxime, moxalactam, cefoperazone, cefotiam and cefamandole were determined against various species of gram-negative bacteria and against Staphylococcus aureus. Ceftizoxime was more active against Enterobacteriaceae than cefamandole, cefotiam and cefoperazone and slightly more active than or similar to moxalactam and cefotaxime. Like cefotaxime and moxalactam, ceftizoxime was less active than cefoperazone against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and less active than cefamandole against S. aureus. Ceftizoxime was active against cephalosporinase-producing Enterobacteriaceae with a mean MIC of 0.19 mg/l. However, some isolates had an MIC above 32 mg/l.

Cefamandole↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anti-pseudomonal activity of HR 810.

The anti-pseudomonal activity of HR 810, a new 2-aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, was compared to that of carbenicillin, azlocillin and cefsulodin against 187 non-fermenters. HR 810 was the best agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus with an MIC50 less than or equal to 4 mg/l and an MIC90 less than or equal to 16 mg/l. It was as effective as azlocillin against Pseudomonas stutzeri and Pseudomonas mendocina, with an MIC50 less than or equal to 0.25 mg/l and an MIC90 less than or equal to 1 mg/l. It was not active against other species of Pseudomonas or other non-fermenters such as Flavobacterium sp.

Acinetobacter↗