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Biomedical subjects

D I Williams

Publications and source records attributed to D I Williams.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Long-term outcome of boys with posterior urethral valves.

One hundred and fourteen boys with posterior urethral valves were treated between 1966 and 1975. Four died during the first hospital admission, 6 died from renal failure during childhood, 1 died from other causes and 15 were lost to follow-up. Eighty-eight were reviewed 11 to 22 years after diagnosis and the renal outcome of 98 patients is therefore known. Approximately one-third of patients presented under 1 month of age, between 1 month and 1 year, and over 1 year respectively. Bilateral vesicoureteric reflux was observed in one-quarter of the boys, more frequently in those presenting in the first month of life. Half of the patients were treated by primary valve ablation and half underwent temporary upper tract diversion: the outcome was worse for the diverted group. One-third of the boys had a long-term bad outcome for renal function. This outcome was associated with early presentation, bilateral vesicoureteric reflux and day-time urinary incontinence after the age of 5 years. The association of bad outcome with incontinence points to continuing bladder dysfunction as a major determinant of long-term outcome for renal function.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed1985

Overseas doctors and the staffing structure of hospitals.

The introduction of the new immigration rules will considerably reduce the number of overseas doctors available for junior hospital appointments over the next five years. To offset this sponsorship schemes should be offered by universities and colleges comprising training courses, entry to examinations, and hospital appointments, and training programmes should be adapted to make objectives attainable in the four years available to overseas doctors. Employment of overseas doctors can ease the transition within the staffing structure to fewer juniors and more consultants, but planning is urgently required, and in particular the service and manpower needs of the National Health Service must be considered.

Education, Medical, Graduate↗
PubMed1983

Maternal pheromone in Rattus norvegicus.

A replication was undertaken of the finding that rat pups between 14 and 28 days of age will approach an attractant (maternal pheromone) contained in the excrement of lactating female rats. Preweaning pups from three strains of Rattus norvegicus (hooded PVG/C, Wistar, and Sprague-Dawley) were tested under different apparatus conditions, with different stimuli, and with different pretest experience. Despite attempts to maximize the attractant olfactory properties of stimulus material no clear evidence of maternal pheromone could be demonstrated. The use of olfactory cues, and an ability of rat pups to discriminate maternal odor, were shown. But such behavior falls short of that which would merit the use of the term pheromone.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

The patient with exstrophy in adult life.

One hundred and one cases of classical exstrophy with at least 18 years of follow-up are reported. There were 29 girls and 72 boys. Nine have died but only 3 of urological causes; 19 have been lost to follow-up at various times. In patients born before 1953 and in later patients with small bladders, primary diversion was done. In other patients primary closure was attempted with an 18% continence rate. Successful bladder closure produced a 25% incidence of any kind of renal damage. With diversion the incidence was 30% (colonic loop) and 75% (ileal loop). Sexual function is good. Six men have initiated pregnancies; 8 girls had 11 pregnancies, producing 9 normal children. Education, employment and family life have not been substantially affected.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Urinary calculi in children. A 5 to 15-year follow-up with particular reference to recurrent and residual stones.

Between 1965 and 1974 188 children were operated on for urinary calculi; 150 cases of non-metabolic stones have been followed up for 5 to 15 years to assess the results of surgery and to evaluate recurrent and residual calculi. Of 132 cases completely cleared of stones at initial surgery 11 had a recurrence; 8 of the recurrences developed amongst 33 patients who remained persistently infected post-operatively. Reoperation was necessary in 8 cases to stop renal deterioration. Amongst 18 patients with residual calculi only 7 required reoperation; small residual fragments were effectively controlled with long-term antibiotic therapy and close supervision.

Child↗