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Biomedical subjects

D I Chapman

Publications and source records attributed to D I Chapman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1984

Deformities of the metacarpus and metatarsus in fallow deer (Dama dama L.).

Radiographic examination of the metacarpus and metatarsus from 333 fallow deer revealed a high incidence of animals with an angular deviation of at least one epiphysis. The incidence in males (59 per cent) was significantly higher than that in females (21 per cent). The cloven hoof is bent laterally and a deviation of up to 23 degrees was recorded. A deer with one deformed foot is equally likely to have 2, 3 or 4 deformed feet and no bone is more susceptible than others. Fusion of the epiphyses commenced at about 16 months and was complete by about 32 months, and the angular deformity occurred before this age. The incidence increases with increasing age in deer whose epiphyses have not yet fused. Other radiographic changes noted were growth plate deformities in young deer of 8 to 12 months of age and bowing of the shaft of the cannon bone in some older animals. It is suggested that the following sequence of events could involve all 3 defects and provide an explanation for the gross angular deviation of the foot seen in some deer. First, a defect in the process of calcification as a result of a nutritional deficiency causes hypertrophy of the cartilage of the growth plate, with local epiphyseal damage. Second, a compression or a breakdown of the cartilage of the cannon bone, particularly if on one side only, causes angular deviation of the epiphysis. Subsequent ossification leads to fusion of the diaphysis with the epiphysis at an abnormal angle. Third, the defect in calcification of the diaphysis leads to a weakness in the bone which, if stressed, becomes deformed and, after subsequent ossification, is seen as a bowing of the cannon bone.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of nandrolone and/or its metabolites after intramuscular injection of nandrolone phenylpropionate to horses.

A radioimmunological method was used as a screening procedure to determine the period of detection or "clearance time", for the horse, of therapeutic doses of the synthetic anabolic steroid nandrolone phenylpropionate. Seven horses, either at rest or being exercised, were given a course of weekly intramuscular injections of the steroid. On the separate occasion, some of the horses were given a single intramuscular injection of the same compound. The weekly injections maintained a high plasma concentration of nandrolone and/or metabolites. The mean (+/- sd) period of detection in plasma of these compounds was 23 (+/- 2) days (range 21 to 25) in resting horses and 20 (+/- 6) days (range 14 to 27) in exercised animals. The mean period of detection in urine was 25 (+/- 7) days (range 16 to 32) and 25 (+/- 12) days (range 9 to 38) for resting and exercised horses, respectively. After a single intramuscular injection to resting horses, the mean periods of detection were 12(+/- 2) days (range 9 to 15) and 13 (+/- 2) days (range 11 to 16) in plasma and urine, respectively. In all experiments there was considerable individual variation in the time taken for the plasma and urine concentrations to return to pre-dose values. This variation was particularly marked in the urine of exercised horses given a course of injections. With horses in training, this period may be over 5 weeks, a period approaching the minimum of 42 days advocated by the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons that the therapeutic use of anabolic steroids should be discontinued before racing.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed1982

Some haematological data for fallow deer (Dama dama) in England.

The concentrations of haemoglobin, erythrocytes and leucocytes and the packed cell volume, plasma viscosity and some red cell indices were measured in the blood of 42 fallow deer and analysed with respect to age, season and sex. The mean haemoglobin concentration was greater in females than in males. In all the deer the number of leucocytes was considerably smaller than in the usual domestic mammals, namely, cats, cattle, dogs, goats, horses, pigs and sheep. Plasma viscosity was statistically greater in male deer more than two years old than in female deer of similar ages.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Morphology of the male accessory organs of reproduction of immature fallow deer (Dama dama L.) with particular reference to puberty and antler development.

The accessory organs of reproduction of male fallow deer are fully active for the first time during the animal's second rut, at 16 months of age. Antler pedicles develop at about 9 months, at the same time as the seminiferous tubules show a marked increase in diameter. The accessory organs show an increase in size at approximately 14 months of age when the deer weigh about 45 kg and maturation of the first pair of antlers is occurring. Puberty commences at about 9 months, pauses during the period of active antler growth and recommences at about 14 months, culminating with the appearance of spermatozoa at 16 months of age. Androgenesis precedes spermatogenesis.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1980

The disposition and metabolism of the synthetic prostaglandin fluprostenol (ICI 81,008) in the horse.

1. Following single intramuscular doses of [14C]fluprostenol (0.5--2.4 micrograms/kg) to three female horses and to three gelded male horses, radioactivity was present in the plasma within 5 min; peak concn. (0.32--1.30 ng/ml fluprostenol equiv.) occurred 5 to 90 min after injection. Radioactivity was still present in the plasma of the females after three days. About 88% of fluprostenol is bound to plasma proteins. 2. Radioactivity was present in the parotid saliva of the gelded male horses within 10 min. Peak concn. (45--91 pg/ml fluprostenol equiv.) occurred from 5 min to 1 h after injection. Saliva : plasma concn. ratios varied inversely with saliva flow rate and limiting ratios were 0.33 and 0.41 for the combined results of two experiments on each of two male horses; the calculated value is 0.46 Chromatography indicated that the majority of plasma and saliva radioactivity was [14C]fluprostenol. 3. Excretion of radioactivity in the urine was rapid and virtually complete 12 h after dosing. The total radioactivity excreted in urine by the female horses was 45% of the dose (96 h) and by the gelded male horses 53% (30 h). About 30% of the radioactivity present in the urines was unchanged fluprostenol. 4. Faecal excretion, which was substantially complete after 2 days, accounted for 32% of the radioactivity administered to the female horses. 5. Tissue conc. of radioactivity in the female horses at four days were below the limits of detection (90 pg/g), but 0.2--0.9% of the dose was detected at the site of injection.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Serum constituents of red deer (Cervus elaphus).

The concentrations of proteins, total bilirubin, calcium and inorganic phosphate and the activities of some enzymes were measured in the sera from 49 red deer. The results were analysed with respect to age, season and sex.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Some serum constituents of fallow deer (Dama dama).

The concentrations of calcium, inorganic phosphorus, proteins and total bilirubin and the activities of some enzymes in the sera of 54 fallow deer are presented. Electrophoresis of the serum proteins indicate that fallow deer have a single alpha-globulin whereas red deer have two.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The urinary excretion of synthetic corticosteroids by the horse.

A radioimmunoassay method has been developed that enables the administration of therapeutic doses of synthetic corticosteroids to be detected in horse urine. Fourteen proprietary preparations of these steroids have been given by intramuscular injection to ponies and thoroughbreds. The administration of some preperations could still be detected six days after a single intramuscular injection of a therapeutic dose. The route of injection of dexamethasone-21-sodium phosphate, whether intramuscular, intravenous or intra-articular, did not appear to alter the length of time over which the steroid or its metabolites were detected. However, the chemical and physical form of the steroid markedly affected the excretion in the urine and this parallelled the duration of its action.

Animals↗