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Biomedical subjects

D Humphrey

Publications and source records attributed to D Humphrey.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The use of gastrozepin as a prophylaxis against pulmonary acid aspiration: a new muscarinic receptor antagonist.

Ninety patients presented for elective surgery and were randomly divided into three groups and studied on a double-blind basis to assess the efficacy of gastrozepin, a new muscarinic receptor antagonist, compared to cimetidine and placebo. Gastrozepin 10 mg, cimetidine 200 mg and a placebo were given i.v. on average 90 min prior to surgery. Gastric fluid was aspirated immediately after induction of anaesthesia and the volume and pH measured. The mean gastric fluid volume in the placebo group (19.73 ml) was significantly (P less than 0.02) greater than the mean volume of either the gastrozepin group (12.40 ml) or cimetidine group (12.72 ml). Mean gastric pH's were 4.83 (gastrozepin), 6.39 (cimetidine) and 3.21 (placebo) and each of these means differed significantly from the other two (P less than 0.001). However, the number of patients who had a gastric juice volume of more than 25 ml and a pH of less than 2.5 in each of the three groups: gastrozepin, cimetidine and placebo, were 1, 0, and 8, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Single lever Humphrey A.D.E. low flow universal anaesthetic breathing system. Part I: Comparison with dual lever A.D.E., Magill and Bain systems in anaesthetized spontaneously breathing adults.

The single lever Humphrey A.D.E. anaesthetic system, in both coaxial and parallel (non-coaxial) forms, has recently been introduced. In principle the system offers efficient "universal" function by combining the advantages of Mapleson A, D and E systems. A within-patient comparison of its function in the Mapleson A mode (lever up) in spontaneously-breathing anaesthetized subjects was made to that of the original two lever A.D.E., the Magill (Mapleson A) and the Bain (Mapleson D) systems. The coaxial and parallel single lever A.D.E. systems functioned identically to each other and to the original two lever A.D.E. system, a mean fresh gas flow (FGF) of 51 ml X kg-1 X min-1 causing minimal rebreathing. Under identical conditions, the mean FGF required to just cause rebreathing increased to a mean of 71 ml X kg-1 X min-1 and 150 ml X kg-1 X min-1 with the Magill and the Bain systems respectively. With the single lever system, the switch to its Mapleson E mode for controlled ventilation involves the selection of the only alternative lever position (lever down) without further adjustment. The function and practical advantages in this E mode are presented in Part II.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Single lever Humphrey A.D.E. lowflow universal anaesthetic breathing system. Part II: Comparison with Bain system in anaesthesized adults during controlled ventilation.

A clinical trial involving ten anaesthetized adult patients was conducted during controlled ventilation using the Humphrey A.D.E. system in the Mapleson "E" mode (lever down). With each patient acting as his or her own control, the parallel (non-coaxial) and coaxial versions of the single lever Humphrey A.D.E. system were compared, using capnography, to the Bain system (Mapleson D/E). All three systems behaved similarly with predictable patient normocarbia when a fresh gas flow of 70 ml X kg-1 X min-1 was used. The A.D.E. system has the added advantage that the switch from controlled to spontaneous ventilation (or vice versa) is achieved quickly and simply. Spontaneous, assisted or automatic controlled ventilation could be instituted at any time merely by the appropriate lever position.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

An evaluation of the pulse-contour method of measuring cardiac output.

The pulse-contour (PC) method continuously derives the cardiac output in litres per minute from the arterial pressure wave form by using a portable analogue computer. The reliability of the PC method in determining cardiac output was studied in 6 patients during anaesthetic induction for cardiac surgery. The results obtained with the PC method using the radial artery to register the arterial pulse wave were compared with cardiac output measurements using the more conventional thermodilution technique. The PC method would seem to offer a simple, clinically useful method for on-line monitoring of short-term variations in cardiac output.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Effects of atracurium on intraocular pressure.

The effects of atracurium on intraocular pressure (IOP) were compared with those of pancuronium in 20 patients less than 45 years-of-age requiring surgery for trauma of one eye. After a standard premedication and the application of topical analgesia to the upper airway, anaesthesia was induced with thiopentone i.v. and the trachea was intubated without the use of neuromuscular blockade. Following 20 min of steady state anaesthesia during which measurements of IOP, arterial pressure, heart rate, FIO2, FE'CO2 and CVP were recorded, one group of patients received atracurium 0.45 mg kg-1 and the other pancuronium 0.1 mg kg-1. The observations were repeated for a further 15 min before surgery commenced. Neither atracurium nor pancuronium produced any change in IOP. Atracurium was associated with greater cardiovascular stability than pancuronium.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Effect of ranitidine given before atropine sulphate on lower oesophageal sphincter tone.

The effects on lower oesophageal sphincter tone of intravenous ranitidine 150 mg followed by atropine 0.6 mg were studied in six healthy volunteers. Ranitidine increased the mean lower oesophageal sphincter pressure by 21.2 cm H2O (p less than 0.01). Subsequent injection of atropine lowered the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure but not significantly, mean sphincter pressure remaining 14.2 cm H2O above control. Barrier pressure to reflux (lower oesophageal sphincter pressure minus gastric pressure) increased significantly after intravenous ranitidine injection, and although it fell after intravenous atropine it was still above control levels. The results of this study suggest that ranitidine increases lower oesophageal sphincter tone. When it is given prior to atropine injection within 20 minutes before induction of anaesthesia it counteracts the deleterious effect of the latter on sphincter tone and barrier pressure to reflux.

Atropine↗
PubMed1983

Cost of anaesthesia.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Anesthesia, Inhalation↗
PubMed1983

A new anaesthetic breathing system combining Mapleson A, D and E principles. A simple apparatus for low flow universal use without carbon dioxide absorption.

A new simple anaesthetic breathing system is described which has been designed to incorporate into a single system advantages of Mapleson A, D and E type systems. Coaxial and non-coaxial versions are available. The system can be used for adults, children or neonates and allows both spontaneous or controlled ventilation with low fresh gas flows at all times. As a Mapleson A system for spontaneous respiration a considerable saving of anaesthetic gases and vapours is achieved since, for adults, the new system requires a lower fresh gas flow even than that for the Magill. For children breathing spontaneously the system requires only one third of the fresh gas flow necessary for the Jackson Rees modification of Ayre's T-piece. For controlled ventilation the system behaves as a modified Mapleson D/E (Bain type) system with the advantage of predictable CO2 tensions and good humidification. The system is safe, simple in design and operation, and is easily sterilized. Further it offers low resistance to expiration and facilitates scavenging at all times which, with low anaesthetic gas flows, permits complete theatre pollution control. Its potential application in academic and rural environments and major advantages over the circle absorber system are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

The Lack, Magill and Bain anaesthetic breathing systems: a direct comparison in spontaneously-breathing anaesthetized adults.

The performances of the Lack (Mapleson A), Magill (Mapleson A) and Bain (Mapleson D) anaesthetic breathing systems were compared in each of 20 anaesthetized adult patients breathing spontaneously with fresh gas flows of 70 ml kg-1 min-1. In every patient the Lack system caused the least rebreathing, as seen by the lowest inspired and end-expired CO2 tensions using capnography. The Magill caused more rebreathing than the Lack though less than the Bain. Comparative fresh gas flows for each system at the point where rebreathing started to occur were examined in 10 further patients. The Lack system required approximately 51 ml kg-1 min-1, the Magill 72 ml kg-1 min-1 while the Bain required 153 ml kg-1 min-1. Of the three systems the Lack is concluded to be the most efficient and economical system for spontaneous respiration in adults, with the additional advantages of convenient access to the exhaust valve, easy scavenging and low expiratory resistance. In addition, it also offers many useful advantages over the circle absorber system.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Stability-indicating assay for mecillinam using high-pressure liquid chromatography.

A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method has been developed for use as a stability-indicating assay for mecillinam. Seven related compounds and at least one unknown degradation product are well separated and easily determined. The accuracy of the method is in good agreement with the published UV assay and the precision of a series of seven replicate determinations is +/- 1.0% R.S.D.

Amdinocillin↗
PubMed1979

A serologic comparison of Moloney lymphoma cell surface and Moloney oncornavirus antigens.

Moloney lymphomas and Moloney sarcomas share strong tumor antigens. In this report we analyze the cell-surface antigens on a Balb/c Moloney lymphoma, LSTRA, using hyperimmune sarcoma regressor sera (alphaMo) as a primary reagent. We also use heterologous anti-viral p30 and gp70 sera for a direct analysis of virion protein antigens on the LSTRA surface. Using radiolabeled alphaMo-binding assays, we demonstrate that LSTRA tumor antigens detected by these sera are all Moloney viral antigens; approximately 1/3 of these antigenic determinants are expressed on the intact virus, and the other determinants are revealed by detergent lysis of the virus. The major viral antigens expressed on the LSTRA cell surface are viral env gene products, whereas gag gene products are only sparsely represented. We conclude that alphaMo sera detect almost exclusively viral antigens on LSTRA cells, and these antigens are almost exclusively virion env gene products.

Animals↗