Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D Hull.
The helium dilution functional residual capacity (FRC) and the total gas volume by plethysmograph (TGV) were measured on 236 healthy London schoolchildren. There was no difference between the results obtained by the boys and girls. The results of the TGV were higher than the FRC values. From the results, normal data charts have been devised for clincial use.
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1. A direct technique was used to measure blood flow and exchange of metabolites by cervical adipose tissue in 3-month-old and adult rabbits.2. The initial blood flow from adipose tissue of fed 3-month-old rabbits was 0.45 ml./g tissue.min and the tissue released fatty acids and glycerol. In similar rabbits unfed for 24 hr, fatty acid release increased fourfold. Both the rate of blood flow and the arterio-venous difference of fatty acid increased. In fed adult rabbits blood flow was 0.16 ml./g tissue.min.3. Noradrenaline infusion in both young and adult rabbits stimulated a rapid and large increase in cervical adipose tissue blood flow together with an increase in fatty acid and glycerol release. Glucose uptake remained small. No increase in local heat production in cervical adipose tissue was detected during noradrenaline infusion.4. It is concluded that cervical adipose tissue in adult rabbits is actively concerned in energy storage and supply.
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Tiglic acid, which has not previously been found in human body fluids, was recently detected in the urine of two patients with propionicacidaemia. These patients had a documented defect in the oxidation of propionate. A competition between acrylyl-CoA and tiglyl-CoA for crotonase could explain the accumulation of tiglic acid.
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[l-(14)C]Propionate administered intravenously was metabolized to methylmalonate, to 3-hydroxypropionate, and to methylcitrate in the urine of a patient with methylmalonic acidemia. L-[U-(14)C]Isoleucine and L-[U-(14)C]valine were also converted to urinary methylmalonate and to 3-hydroxypropionate in the patient. Two patients with propionic acidemia due to a defect in propionyl-CoA carboxylase metabolized [l-(14)C]propionate to uninary methylcitrate and 3-hydroxypropionate. The appearance of radioactive 3-hydroxypropionate in the urine after the administration of these compounds indicates that beta-oxidation of propionyl-CoA through acryloyl-CoA was functioning in these patients. The conversion of valine to 3-hydroxypropionate suggests that valine is oxidized by way of propionate and propionyl-CoA in man.
1. The action of insulin on the net exchange of glucose, free fatty acids and glycerol by brown adipose tissue of young rabbits was investigated.2. Infusion of insulin (10,000 muu./kg.min I.V. for 10 min) caused a large increase in the uptake of glucose by brown adipose tissue of fed week-old rabbits. The release of fatty acids fell but glycerol release was unchanged.3. The brown adipose tissue of 9-day-old rabbits fasted in a warm environment had a high initial rate of fatty acid and glycerol release and low rates of glucose uptake. Insulin infusions (10,000 and 100 muu./kg.min) greatly reduced fatty acid release but had little or no effect on glucose uptake.4. The brown adipose tissue of 9-day-old rabbits fasted in a cold environment was depleted of fat and took up free fatty acid as well as glucose from the circulation. Infusion of insulin (10,000 muu./kg.min) caused a large increase in glucose uptake accompanied by a reduction in fatty acid uptake.5. The experiments support the view that insulin has a direct effect on fatty acid transport across the cell membrane.
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