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Biomedical subjects

D Hoskins

Publications and source records attributed to D Hoskins.

13 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1994

Increasing nursing involvement in cancer prevention and control among the economically disadvantaged: the nursing challenge.

The American Cancer Society sponsored a series of hearings to document the magnitude of the problems faced by the poor in seeking cancer care. The findings reflected that economically disadvantaged Americans are often forced to accept substandard health care services and face numerous problems when seeking preventive care and treatment. The glimpse from inside the circle of poverty (statements from the hearings) provides an opportunity to better understand the problems faced by the poor in accessing health care and to better recommend strategies for effecting a positive change.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1980

Potential artifacts in scanning electron microscopy of the trabecular meshwork in glaucoma.

We examined the trabecular meshwork surface by scanning electron microscopy to investigate possible artifacts appearing during collection and preparation of trabeculectomy specimens. As controls, trabecular tissue samples from normal and glaucomatous patients were dissected from whole eyes obtained at enucleation or at autopsy. Our results suggest that the major contaminants are released during decompression of the globe at trabeculectomy; these consist of an amorphous substance, a fibrillar material, and, occasionally, red blood cells. Small tissue samples may also abe contaminated by the conducting adhesive used to fasten them to metal stubs. This silver paint may coat the surface of the meshwork and appear to be a smooth substance blocking the outflow of aqueous humor. We were unable to confirm the finding reported by others that an amorphous blocking material is present in the trabecular interstices in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Adhesives↗
PubMed1977

Revision of filtration surgery.

Forty-one procedures were performed to revise malfunctioning filtering blebs in 37 eyes. Thirty-two procedures were undertaken on underfiltering blebs, seven on overfiltering blebs, and two on normally functioning but otherwise unsatisfactory blebs. Revision procedures were successful in 24 of 32 underfiltering blebs, four of seven overfiltering blebs, and one of two normally functioning but unsatisfactory blebs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitation of bovine sperm cytoplasmic calcium with Quin-2 and Fura-2: evidence that external calcium does not have direct access to the sperm cytoplasm.

Internal calcium levels of sperm loaded with Quin-2 in the absence or presence of exogenous calcium were 63 +/- 5 and 189 +/- 19 nM, respectively. These values were similar to those determined by Fura-2. Surprisingly, however, dye loaded sperm depleted of internal calcium did not take up calcium from the medium into the cytoplasm upon re-addition of this ion. Uptake was rapid and maximal, however, if these cells were exposed to the calcium ionophores A23187 or ionomycin. Increasing [Quin-2]i progressively lowered [Ca2+]i in spite of the presence of exogenous calcium during dye loading. This anomaly was not due to interference of the fluorophores with calcium uptake, since exogenous 45Ca2+ was taken up at the same rate and to the same extent by control and fluorophore loaded sperm. This 45Ca2+ uptake was mitochondrial and energy dependent. Also, inhibition of mitochondrial calcium accumulation during dye loading lowered [Ca2+]i to values similar to those observed for calcium depleted sperm. These results suggest an extreme impermeability of the sperm plasma membrane to direct calcium entry into the cytoplasm while substantial amounts of calcium entry occurs into the sperm mitochondria.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of hyperimmune bovine colostrum raised against Cryptosporidium parvum on infection of guinea pigs by Cryptosporidium wrairi.

Oocysts shedding was markedly reduced in guinea pigs inoculated intraintestinally with Cryptosporidium wrairi sporozoites that had been incubated with hyperimmune bovine colostrum raised to C. parvum when compared with shedding in guinea pigs inoculated with sporozoites incubated in either non-immune bovine colostrum or buffered saline. However oocyst shedding was apparently not reduced in guinea pigs inoculated by gavage with oocysts of C. wrairi and subsequently treated twice daily per os with hyperimmune bovine colostrum. Similarly, oocyst shedding was apparently not reduced by oral treatment with hyperimmune bovine colostrum when treatment was begun simultaneously with inoculation of C. wrairi oocysts.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Obstacles to cancer care: focus on the economically disadvantaged.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To provide additional documentation of the unmet cancer prevention and control needs of poor Americans. DESIGN AND SETTING: Qualitative analysis of testimony provided at American Cancer Society hearings on cancer and the poor. SAMPLE: 46 economically disadvantaged individuals with personal experiences with cancer. METHODS: Review of transcription of oral testimony and qualitative analysis for recurrent themes to identify common obstacles to cancer care. FINDINGS: Six major obstacles were identified: care was deferred because of costs; care was described as "fragmented," "impersonal," and "symptomatic;" patients were discouraged from worrying about bodily changes; patients were discouraged from seeking state-of-the-art care; poor patients experienced difficulty communicating their needs and concerns; and poverty interfered with efforts to participate in volunteer activities. CONCLUSIONS: Testimony is suggestive of the problems that poor patients with cancer face. Challenges to improve the situation include expanding and extending diagnostic, treatment, and rehabilitative services to the poor; facilitating education and prevention; and further research to document the scope of the problem. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses should engage in the debate over healthcare reform and take advantage of the opportunities to define and participate in the development of procedures, strategies, and systems for removing obstacles to quality cancer prevention and care for the poor.

Adult↗