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Biomedical subjects

D Hines

Publications and source records attributed to D Hines.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Comparative in vitro activity of A-56268 (TE-031) against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and Chlamydia trachomatis.

The in vitro activity of A-56268 (TE-031) was determined and compared with that of 13 antibiotics against 401 gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and 11 strains of Chlamydia trachomatis. A-56268 was very active against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and was among the most active of the agents tested against Listeria monocytogenes, streptococci and Chlamydia trachomatis. It was moderately active against Haemophilus spp., Vibrio spp., Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus. It was inactive against enterococci, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Campylobacter coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. and Yersinia enterocolitica. A-56268 was not consistently bactericidal or more active than erythromycin for any organism except Chlamydia trachomatis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Hemispheric visual processing in face recognition.

Two experiments tested how facial details are used in recognizing face drawings presented to either the left or right visual field (VF). Subjects used inner and outer features about equally in both the left and right VFs. The major finding was a very strong tendency to recognize the upper facial features more accurately than the lower facial features. The top-to-bottom recognition difference occurred in both VFs, in contrast to an earlier study by J. Sergent (1982, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 8, 1-14). Methodological differences between the present experiments and Sergent's studies were discussed. It was concluded that both the left and right hemispheres recognize novel faces using top-to-bottom serial processing.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

In vivo stimulation of granulopoiesis by recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.

Osmotic pumps containing Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) were attached to indwelling jugular vein catheters and implanted subcutaneously into Golden Syrian hamsters. Within 3 days, peripheral granulocyte counts had increased greater than 10-fold with a concomitant 4-fold increase in total leukocytes. Microscopic examination of Wright-Giemsa-stained blood smears from rhG-CSF hamsters showed that only the neutrophil subpopulation of granulocytes had increased. No significant changes in lymphocyte or monocyte counts were observed during the course of continuous rhG-CSF treatment. After subcutaneous injection at rhG-CSF doses of up to 10 micrograms X kg-1 X day-1 only granulocyte counts were affected. However, at higher dose levels, a transient thrombocytopenia was noted. Erythrocyte had lymphocyte/monocyte counts remained unaffected by rhG-CSF over the entire dose range (0.3-300 micrograms X kg-1 X day-1) studied. Total leukocyte counts increased 3-fold within 12 hr after a single s.c. injection of rhG-CSF. This early effect was associated with an increase in the total number of colony-forming cells and the percent of active cycling cells in the marrow. A sustained elevation of peripheral leukocyte and marrow progenitor counts was observed following seven daily s.c. injections of rhG-CSF. The ability of rhG-CSF to increase the production and release of granulocytes from the marrow may underlie the beneficial effect it produced on the restoration of peripheral leukocyte counts in hamsters made leukopenic by treatment with 5-fluorouracil.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor: molecular and biological characterization.

Human or rodent bone marrow treated with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in a CFU-GM assay yield predominantly granulocytic colonies. The specificity for granulocyte progenitors in vitro is also demonstrated in vivo by a five- to six-fold elevation in hamster peripheral blood neutrophils. Other cell types (monocytes, lymphocytes and eosinophils) remain stable. Analysis of mRNA from the bladder carcinoma cell line 5637 (1A6) shows the predominant species of mRNA codes for a mature protein of 174 amino acids. A small fraction of the mRNA can code for an alternative form of hG-CSF containing additional three amino acids between positions 35 and 36.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Perceptual interference and hemispheric specialization.

Two experiments evaluated the effect of stimuli presented at fixation on the recognition of faces or random shapes presented to the left or right visual half-field (VF). Increasing the processing demands of the center stimulus produced a large, linear decrease in recognition from both VFs for both faces and shapes. Recognition of random shapes was decreased more in the right visual field by center digits and in the left VF by center faces and shapes. In addition, interference was found between the VF faces and the center digits to the left of fixation. It was concluded that differences in the processing capacity of the two hemispheres are a function of the verbal-nonverbal nature of the stimuli at a later stage in processing but that the two hemispheres may also differ along other perceptual dimensions at an earlier stage of visual recognition.

Attention↗
PubMed1984

Hemispheric asymmetry in use of semantic category information.

When two pictures of common objects were presented sequentially, the second was named more quickly if both were members of the same semantic category. This semantic priming effect occurred only when both pictures went directly to the left hemisphere. If the target or prime stimulus was presented to the left visual field--right hemisphere, no priming effect was observed. These results suggest that semantic category information is activated and used by the left hemisphere of the brain.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Position response bias in visual field recognition.

In testing the ability of the two hemispheres to recognize nonverbal visual stimuli, a common procedure is to present the visual stimulus to one visual half-field (VF) and to then require the subject to choose the VF stimulus from an answer array. However, this study shows that VF presentation is associated with a large position response bias. Subjects tended to choose the alternative in the left position on the answer sheet when a face or random shape was presented to the left VF, and the right position when the stimulus was presented to the right VF. Vertical alignment of the alternatives on the answer sheet eliminated this bias.

Attention↗
PubMed1983

Marijuana-induced primary process content in the TAT.

Seventy-two normal adult male subjects wrote TAT stories under baseline and either placebo- or marijuana-ingestion conditions. Marijuana subjects received 20 mg. doses of delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol. The stories were keypunched and content analyzed with the Regressive Imagery Dictionary, which yields a score for primary process content. Results indicate that marijuana, relative to placebo, caused subjects to write stories with a higher proportion of primary process content than they had included in baseline stories.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of mono- and disaccharides in presweetened cereals: Collaborative study.

A collaborative study was conducted using a modified AOAC method (sugars in chocolate) for the determination of fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose in presweetened cereals by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Eight samples consisting of 6 products were analyzed in duplicate by the HPLC method and the AOAC Lane-Eynon method. The AOAC method was modified to use water-alcohol (1 + 1) and Sep-Pak C18 cartridges for sample cleanup. The HPLC results indicate precision comparable to the lane-Eynon method and the chocolate method. The modified HPLC method has been adopted official first action.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1978

Task difficulty and visual similarity increase a distractor's effects on random shapes.

Recognition of random shapes followed by a visual distractor is altered by the type of distractor and whether the distractor needs to be attended. Three experiments tested which characteristics modify a visual distractor's effect on random target shapes presented for 75 to 150 msec. Exp. 1 showed that increasing the number of digits to be remembered (1, 3, or 8) increased the effectiveness of digits as distractors. Exeir effect as visual distractors for random target shapes. Random shapes were highly effective as distractors, while pictures of faces or comples colored pictures had a relatively small effect. In Exp. 3 decreasing the presentation time for novel visual distractors decreased recognition of the distractors but not of random target shapes. However, adding a three-digit distractor after the novel visual distractor did decrease recognition of target shapes. Exps. 2 and 3 showed that the order of the recognition tests of the target and distracting stimuli altered target recognition if and only if subjects did know which was to be reported first. These experiments indicate that the effect of a visual distractor depends on both the extent to which it is allotted attention and its visual similarity to the target stimulus.

Attention↗
PubMed1977

Effects of amphetamine and nembutal on social exploration in the Mongolian gerbil.

Male Mongolian gerbils were injected intraperitoneally with amphetamine, nembutal, or saline and placed in a preference chamber one side of which contained a female gerbil. Amphetamine significantly decreased amount of time in contact with the females. Although the amphetamine effect held for both novel and familiar females, it was more marked for novel than for familiar females.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Differences in tachistoscopic recognition between abstract and concrete words as a function of visual half-field and frequency.

This experiment demonstrated that the greater right visual half-field (VHF) superiority for abstract words than for concrete words reported in two previous studies generalized to an independent, larger sample of abstract and concrete nouns. In addition, degree of concreteness was found to be positively related to overall recognition, with high concrete words averaging 38% correct, moderate concrete words averaging 30% correct, and abstract words averaging 20% correct. Analyses of ratio scores indicated that high frequency abstract words showed a significantly larger right VHF asymmetry than high frequency moderately concrete words or high frequency high concrete words. Groups of abstract, moderately concrete and high concrete words were also matched on right VHF recognition, to evaluate whether differences in VHF asymmetry were secondary to the differences in overall recognition. A significant interaction between VHF and word class was found, again indicating larger right VHF superiority for the abstract words. The data are consistent with previous suggestions that some left VHF concrete words are recongized by the right hemisphere.

Dominance, Cerebral↗
PubMed1977

Recognition of random shapes followed at varying delays by attended or unattended shapes, digits, and line grids.

Three experiments evaluated the effect of poststimulus distractor characteristics in altering recognition of random shapes. Experiment 1 demonstrated that when 150 msec or 300 msec were allowed for processing the initial shape stimulus, recognition was lowered only when it was followed by an attended shape or digit distractor. Unattended shapes, digits, and line grids and attended line grids left recognition essentially perfect. Attended shapes lowered recognition more than attended digits. Experiment 2 found that attended shapes, digits, and line grids all masked random shapes when presented immediately upon offset of a random shape displayed for 50 msec. As processing time increased, digit distractors became less effective than shape distractors, while line grids lost all effect. The shape distractors lowered recognition up to 1,200 msec. Experiment 3 showed that the larger recognition loss produced by the shape distractor than by the digit distractor could not be attributed to differences in response procedure. It was suggested that memory for random shapes moves from brief visual storage to a limited capacity visual short-term memory. Attended shape distractors may eliminate the stimulus shape from visual short-term memory thus preventing long-term storage.

Attention↗
PubMed1976

Recall of letters from the left and right visual half-fields under unilater and bilateral presentation.

Bilateral presentation in the visual half-field greatly increases superiority of the right visual half-field in tachistoscopic recognition of words when fixation is controlled using a center digit. Two experiments explored left-right asymmetry with bilateral presentation on a visual half-field short-term memory task, with fixation controlled by a sequence of letters at fixation. A total of 40 subjects served in the two experiments, which compared recall under unilateral versus bilateral presentation to the visual half-field. Bilateral presentation increased over-all recall from the last serial position but did not alter asymmetry of the visual half-field. As in previous experiments, the superiority of the right visual half-field was greatest from the initial serial positions. It was concluded that asymmetry of the visual half-field on this recall task with controlled fixation depends primarily on masking and short-term memory but is independent of unilateral-bilateral presentation.

Eidetic Imagery↗