Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

D Herman

Publications and source records attributed to D Herman.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Responses of cat motor cortex neurons to cortico-cortical and somatosensory inputs.

Intracellular techniques were used to investigate a cortico-cortical path from sensory cortex to motor cortex of cats. Cortico-cortical epsps were evoked in motor cortex neurons by microstimulation of area 3a. Epsps with latencies between 1.2 and 2.4 ms were identified as monosynaptic. These short latency cortico-cortical effects were recorded in layers II through VI of the motor cortex. Neurons with monosynaptic cortico-cortical epsps also received excitatory inputs from forelimb nerves, usually from both muscle and cutaneous afferent fibers. The epsps evoked from forelimb nerves in motor cortex neurons were preceded by neural activity in somatosensory cortex. Time delays between arrival of inputs in sensory cortex and in motor cortex were compared to the latencies of cortico-cortical epsps in the same motor cortex neurons. It was apparent that the timing was appropriate for the identified cortico-cortical path to have relayed some sensory inputs to motor cortex.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex.

Three patients had a typical clinical, functional, and histologic pattern of lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis (LIP). All 3 also had a marked follicular and interfollicular hyperplasia of peripheral lymph nodes. A benign lymphocytic infiltration was seen in the kidneys in 2 patients, in the liver of 1 of these, and in the nasopharynx and the bone marrow in another. This LIP, associated with other diffuse benign lymphocytic infiltrates, could be part of AIDS-related manifestations. The patients originated from central Africa (2 patients) and Haiti (1 patient) where AIDS is endemic. They had several immune abnormalities frequently observed in AIDS such as a polyclonal hyperimmunoglobulinemia and, in the 2 patients studied, a decreased number of T4 lymphocytes and an inverted T4/T8 blood lymphocyte ratio. All 3 patients had serum antibodies to human T-cell leukemia viruses.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1985

[Preventive treatment of severe allergic complications caused by Hymenoptera venom. Our experience apropos of 250 cases].

Out of a total of 350 referrals for allergy to hymenoptera venom over four years, 250 patients who had one or more severe systemic reactions were selected for a "rush course" of immunotherapy after confirmation of the responsible reagin (skin tests, specific IgE). The method used in the 245 patients who accepted the protocol enabled us to arrive at a maintenance dose of 100 micrograms of venom in three days. Tolerance was excellent; no serious side effects were observed; the course of immunotherapy did not have to be stopped in any of the patients. Clinical efficacy appeared to be satisfactory as no systemic reaction occurred in a fifth (50) of the patients treated who were bitten again, either spontaneously (24 cases), sometimes successfully and repeatedly (11 cases), or intentionally (26 cases). The IgG antivenom antibody was constantly raised from the first month and remained at a stable value. This harmless and effective method should be offered to patients allergic to hymenoptera venom.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Rush venom immunotherapy: a 3-day programme for hymenoptera sting allergy.

In a series of 102 patients consulting for allergic reactions following hymenoptera sting, fifty-two of them, who had experienced one or more severe systemic adverse reactions were selected for rush immunotherapy. The method employed made it possible to attain the maintenance dose of 100 micrograms of venom in 3 days. Patient tolerance was excellent, no serious side-effect was observed; immunotherapy never had to be stopped. Clinical effectiveness seems to be very satisfactory, since no abnormal reaction was reported in seven patients who later were spontaneously stung, and in fourteen patients who received an induced insect sting. The level of IgG antivenom antibodies rose regularly from the first month onwards to remain at a stable level. Because of its safety and effectiveness, it appears that this method should be recommended for immunotherapy in patients who are allergic to hymenoptera stings.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Interactions among convergent inputs to somatosensory cortex neurons.

Postsynaptic potentials (psps) produced by electrical stimulation of 4 forelimb nerves were recorded intracellularly from neurons in the primary somatosensory cortex of sodium pentobarbital anesthetized cats. Convergent inputs were found from nerves subserving different modalities and different regions of the forelimb. Psps from separate afferent sources usually did not sum linearly but rather interacted with one another. These interactions could have occurred at the cortical level or earlier in the ascending pathways and are interpreted with regards to the control of somatosensory responsiveness by multiple converging inputs.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Convergence of sensory inputs upon projection neurons of somatosensory cortex: vestibular, neck, head, and forelimb inputs.

Cortico-cortical neurons and pyramidal tract (PT) neurons of the cat cerebral cortex were tested for convergent inputs from electrically stimulated vestibular, neck, head and forelimb nerves. Neurons were recorded within forelimb and vestibular projection regions of cortical area 3a. Consideration was given to both suprathreshold and subthreshold inputs. Neither vestibular, neck nor head inputs were detected in the forelimb region of area 3a. In contrast, within the vestibular projection region of area 3a, 43% (6/14) of the cortico-cortical neurons and 63% (24/38) of the PT neurons received excitatory vestibular input. Inputs from the skin of the pinna (greater auricular nerve) were detected only for PT neurons (66%, 25/38). No inputs were detected from afferent nerves supplying the dorsal neck muscles biventer cervicis and complexus. Cortico-cortical and PT neurons receiving vestibular input also received convergent inputs originating from forelimb group I deep and low threshold cutaneous afferent fibers. Further, one half of the PT neurons with vestibular input (12/24) received input from three somatic sources: forelimb group I deep, forelimb low threshold cutaneous and greater auricular (head) nerves. The input connectivities suggest a role for these projection neurons of somatosensory cortex in the coordination of head and forelimb movements. The convergence of vestibular information with somatic input from the forelimb implies that vestibular-influenced neurons of area 3a projecting to the motor cortex or through the pyramidal tract would signal head position or movement with respect to proprioceptive feedback from the limbs.

Afferent Pathways↗
PubMed1981

[Anterior rhinomanometry and intranasal challenge tests. Technique and results in 270 cases. Usefulness for the aetiological diagnosis of vasomotor rhinitis (author's transl)].

Nasal response to a large number of stimuli is almost invariably the same, with sneezing, watery rhinorrhoea and nasal obstruction constituting the three major conventional symptoms of the so-called vasomotor (autonomic) rhinitis. These symptoms are not specific to allergic reactions but can be seen in viral infections, sudden changes in temperature, inhalation of irritant fumes or of certain smells. The aetiological diagnosis of vasomotor rhinitis therefore is sometimes very difficult but seems to be greatly facilitated by intranasal challenge tests associated with anterior rhinomanometry.

Allergens↗
PubMed1979

Histologic comparison of mammary carcinomas among a population of Southwestern American Indian, Spanish American, and Anglo women.

Primary carcinomas of the breast were studied in age-matched populations of Southwestern American Indian, Spanish American, and Anglo women from an area served by the New Mexico Tumor Registry. Histologic tumor type, nuclear grade, and stromal inflammatory response were compared among these three groups. Indian women presented with less favorable tumor stage at diagnosis. Histologic tumor types were similar with the the exception that lobular carcinoma was less frequent among Indian and Spanish American than among Anglo women. Carcinomas from Indian patients showed less differentiated nuclei than those from the other groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Eosinophilia and respiratory function in the asthmatic subject (author's transl)].

Total eosinophil count (TEC) was done in 13 normal subjects, in 8 subjects before and 90 mn after a "French" breakfast and in 29 asthmatic patients. The geometric mean is higher (p less than 0,001) in asthmatic than in normal subjects : 304 (231-391) versus 144 (101-197). The breakfast does not interfer with the result of the TEC. In asthmatic subjects, a significant inverse correlation appears (r = 0,57, p less than 0,01) between the logarithm of TEC forced expiratory volume in one second and the quotient : vital capacity. This correlation persists whatever may be the subject's age, the duration of the asthma or age at which he first contracted the illness. Asthma appeared after 40 years in 4 of the subjects : their TEC was higher (p less than 0,01) than in subjects who had become asthmatic before the age of forty. The respiratory function was lowered more in these 4 patients than in others who had been ill for the same time (p less than 0,001). The TEC is not related to results of skin testing with usual inhalant allergens (grass pollen, house dust, cat's or dog's dander) or by result of a provocation test (by inhalation of allergen). Eosinophilia and bronchial obstruction are connected by one (or more) factors that may be inhalant allergens in extrinsec asthma and circulating immune complexes in intrinsec asthma.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Carcinoma of the gallbladder in a population of Southwestern American Indians.

The clinical and pathological characteristics of gallbladder carcinoma were studied in a group of 56 Southwestern American Indian patients. This is the third most common malignant tumor among American Indian females in a population served by the New Mexico Tumor Registry accounting for 8.5% of specific cancer diagnoses by site. Carcinoma of the gallbladder is relatively more common within the Indian population than among Spanish Americans or Anglos living in this area. This is true for both sexes. No significant differences in average age at diagnosis, ratio of female to male patients, signs and symptoms, stage at diagnosis or survival were detected in comparison with studies pertaining to gallbladder carcinoma in non-Indian populations. A squamous cell carcinoma component was unusually common however, and carcinoma in situ or atypical adenomatous hyperplasia of the mucosa was frequently documented adjacent to invasive carcinoma. Although gall stones were present in tumor containing gallbladders in 93% of cases, elective cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis is probably not a practical means of prevention of this tumor in view of the unusual frequency of cholelithiasis in Indian women. Pharmacological conversion of bile to a non-lithogenic form may deserve consideration as prophylaxis against both cholelithiasis and carcinoma of the gallbladder in this population.

Adenocarcinoma↗