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Biomedical subjects

D Hawkes

Publications and source records attributed to D Hawkes.

9 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

Interactive image-guided neuroendoscopy: development and early clinical experience.

Technical advances and pioneering surgeons have established neuroendoscopy as an accepted diagnostic and therapeutic tool. The clinical indications for endoscopy, variety of operative techniques and number of endoscopic surgeons continue to increase steadily. However, there are fundamental limits to the scope of freehand endoscopy principally governed by the need for direct vision of anatomical and pathological structures. In addition, whilst the expert neuroendoscopist is only occasionally disorientated by complex distorted anatomy, the rising number of novices are likely to be mislead relatively often. We report the integration of neuroendoscopy with an optical neuronavigation system to provide interactive image-guided neuroendoscopy. This combination both removes the constraining requirement for direct vision and provides accurate localisation to guide the surgeon during surgery. We describe the clinical application of this method to two cases where image-guided endoscopy was essential to the safe completion of the procedure.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Volume flow measurement of pulsatile flow by digitised cine angiography.

The validation, by phantom experiments, of a method of measuring volumetric, pulsatile blood flow in vessels of about 4 mm calibre is described. 'Instantaneous' as well as integrated flow is obtained from cine angiograms by digitisation of the images and densitometric analysis in an advanced computer vision analysis system. From 48 frames per second cine, pulsatile flow at any moment between 0 and about 400 ml/min was calculated within about 10 per cent of the electromagnetic flow meter reading. Further improvement is expected. It is proposed to advance to 3D and have the methodology available for clinical use in due course.

Angiography, Digital Subtraction↗
PubMed1986

An IgG, gentamicin sulfate-dependent antibody found during prenatal antibody screening.

The serum of a prenatal patient was found to contain an IgG antibody that reacted with all red cells suspended in solutions containing the antibiotic gentamicin sulfate. The antibody was nonreactive with red cells suspended in media containing chloramphenicol, neomycin, hydrocortisone or inosine. Since gentamicin sulfate is used in the suspending medium of some commercial reagent red cell products, difficulties in the interpretation of antibody detection and identification tests may arise when patient sera contain gentamicin-dependent antibodies.

Antibodies↗
PubMed1985

Origin and immunological hyporeactivity of canine alveolar lymphocytes.

Autochthonous canine thoracic duct lymphocytes were isolated, labelled with 111indium and injected intravenously. Direct sampling showed that the label passed from blood to lymph within 25 hr. By gamma camera imaging, the initial accumulation of 111In the liver and spleen was followed by a striking increase in lymph node associated activity between 24-36 hr. Although initial lung-associated counts were low, a bicarbonate-induced non-specific inflammation of the right lung induced a rapid and selective accumulation of labelled lymphocytes (ratio right to left lung 8:1). Cell suspensions lavaged from the alveolar surface showed only a 9% response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) compared to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The addition of unfractionated lavage cells to PBL caused a macrophage-dependent suppression of mitogen responsiveness. However, macrophage depletion of alveolar lavage cells did not restore the lymphocyte response to PHA. Similarly, the frequency of alloreactive precursors of cytolytic lymphocytes (CTL) was almost 10-fold less in alveolar lymphocytes compared to PBL. Thus, bronchoalveolar lavage provides a technique by which viable cells may be recovered in significant numbers from the alveoli and should be invaluable for the investigation of lung allograft rejection.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Pentobarbital in refractory status epilepticus.

Tonic-clinic status epilepticus, which is refractory to phenobarbital, phenytoin, and diazepam, may respond readily to a continuous infusion of pentobarbital. The efficacy of pentobarbital can be monitored at the bedside by electroencephalography. We report the clinical and electroencephalographic findings of two children who developed refractory tonic-clonic status epilepticus and responded to pentobarbital.

Child↗
PubMed1981

Assessment of progression of secondary bone lesions following cancer of the breast or prostate using serial radionuclide imaging.

A serial study on 32 patients with bone metastases following cancer of the breast or prostate was performed over three years. Up to ten sets of images (average of four) per patient were obtained during this period using 99Tcm methylene diphosphonate as the radiopharmaceutical. Ninety-three paired serial images of individual lesions were qualitatively assessed for change by three physicians in nuclear medicine and the results were compared with the quantitative results from computer analysis. The reproducibility of the quantitative approach was determined by the analysis of 20 paired lesions by three physicists. It was found that quantitative changes in uptake of less than 20% between images were generally not detected by the medical observers; a change of 41% had only a 95% probability of being identified as change by the physicians. Although much more reproducible in determining changes in individual lesions, the quantitative approach was found to be inferior to the qualitative assessment of overall change in the majority of cases which involve multiple lesions. The basic assumption that uptake varies proportionally with progression of the bone lesion is discussed an is considered in some instances to be untenable. The conclusion is drawn that the determination of progression from changes of uptake in longstanding lesions is uncertain and is subsidiary in importance to the detection of new lesions.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Explaining solution focused therapy.

Psychotherapies have tended to concentrate on clients' complaints in an attempt to overcome their problems: solution focused therapy, on the other hand, looks for their strengths, competencies and potentials, and enables them to recognise and build on them. The authors explain the basis of the therapy, then illustrate how it operates in practice with three short case studies.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Focusing on solutions.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Day Care, Medical↗