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Biomedical subjects

D Harper

Publications and source records attributed to D Harper.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Sex role ideology among physicians.

Physicians have been accused by some feminist writers of having traditional views on sex roles that make them part of society's oppressive power structure and therefore responsible in part for the high incidence of psychologic problems and drug dependency among women. To assess whether physicians' attitudes towards women are indeed polarized in a traditional fashion, a sex role ideology questionnaire was given to all practising physicians belonging to the Manitoba Medical Association. Overall the physicians were found to be more feminist than male college students and a group of women with traditional beliefs. Psychiatrists, who had the highest adjusted group mean score on a sex role ideology scale (high indicating feminist beliefs), were found to be significantly more feminist than family practitioners, surgeons, and obstetricians and gynecologists, although not more so than internists, radiologists, pediatricians and anesthesiologists. These findings do not support the assumption that physicians have traditional views that reflect those of society. However, the significant differences between specialties emphasize the need for educating physicians and medical students in the behaviour of women.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1982

Early parental loss and suicidal ideation in university students.

This study examined the relationship of early parental loss to suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in a group of university students attending a university mental health clinic. Seventy-five subjects with a history of parental loss before the age of 16 were compared to a control group of 61 subjects from intact homes for the presence of suicidal ideation and overt suicidal behaviour. Subjects with a history of early loss demonstrated significantly more suicidal ideation and more had made suicide attempts than had subjects from intact homes, and this relationship was even more marked when the consequences of the loss in terms of the subsequent family environment were considered. Where the loss resulted in the long-term disruption of family life, suicidal trends were prominent; where the family life stabilized, they were minimal. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts occurred significantly more often among female subjects than males, and the loss of father and both parents was in excess of loss of mother among those with significant suicidal ideation. The findings support the hypothesis that early parental loss, under certain conditions, is a significant variable in the predisposition to suicidal behaviour and suggest avenues for further research.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

The certification examination: opinions of royal college examiners.

There has been increasing concern among candidates and psychiatrists regarding the Canadian written and oral certification examinations. Views of candidates and psychiatrists have been obtained. The results presented in this survey were obtained through a questionnaire that was completed by 64 past and present Royal College examiners. General support for the establishment of guidelines for the selection of examiners, for increased emphasis on the use of in-training evaluations and for the need of clear operational criteria for examiners and candidates was voiced. Finally, the evaluation model that most responding examiners favoured included re-introducing one part essay into the written examination. Overall, although finding it exhausting, most examiners enjoy examining and are satisfied with the present system. Recommendations concerning improvements to the present system are presented.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Sympathetic ophthalmia after pars plana vitrectomy-lensectomy for endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis.

A 71-year-old woman developed an endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis in her right eye. Because of the rapid progression she was treated by para plana vitrectomy-lensectomy and with antibiotics and corticosteroids. The patient improved after the antibiotic therapy. One month later she had a recurrence of the inflammatory signs in the same eye. Examination disclosed lens remnants in the vitreous. Because of the possibility of phacoallergic uveitis, she underwent a second vitrectomy. The corticosteroid dosage was increased. She did well until three months later when, while still taking corticosteroids, she noted loss of visual acuity in the left eye, accompanied by bilateral inflammatory signs. Sympathetic ophthalmia was suspected and the blind right eye was enucleated. The choroid was grossly unremarkable; the routine sections disclosed many inconspicuous foci of mononuclear infiltration. Tangential sections of flat-embedded choroid, however, showed ill-defined nests of epithelioid cells containing phagocytosed melanin, supporting the diagnosis of sympathetic ophthalmia. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of this complication after pars plana vitrectomy-lensectomy in the absence of nonsurgical trauma or other surgical procedures.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Visual effects of auditory deprivation: common intermodal and intramodal factors.

Visual temporal acuity, as measured by the critical flicker frequency decreased and then increased during 24 hours of auditory deprivation. This intermodal effect is similar to intramodal changes in the critical flicker frequency of the nonoccluded eye during monocular deprivation; a single mechanism appears to underlie both phenomena.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Crowding depression of UV-mutagenesis in E. coli.

Strains of E. coli B/r were exposed to UV radiation and assayed for reversion mutation, using a standard selection medium. If more irradiated bacteria were assayed per petri dish, a proportional increase in the number of indicated reversion mutants was found only up to a limiting plating density. Beyond a density of about 10(8) viable bacteria per petri dish, the number of indicated revertants per viable bacteria assayed (the mutation frequency) decreased as the plating density was increased. The crowding depression of mutagenesis was more severe for de novo and converted suppressor mutations, the mutation frequency being reduced 100-fold at a plating density of about 6 x 10(9) viable bacteria per plate. The effect on backmutation was 10 times less. Crowding depression of mutagenesis occurred in excision-proficient and -deficient strains, with identical effects in the 2 strains on de novo and converted suppressor mutation, but different effects on backmutations. There were no accompanying effects on viability. Irreversible loss of potential mutants during crowded growth was indicated in wash-off experiments. The kinetics suggested a half-life of approximately 1 h. Kinetics for accumulation by the bacteria of the limiting metabolite (tyrosine) on the assay plate indicated a short period of time for protein synthesis, but direct examination of the proteins synthesized during early growth on a crowded plate demonstrated successful induction of recA protein. The results suggested a possible disruption in the rec/lex respondency system somewhere between induction of recA protein and the various end points, including mutational repair, in cells plated close to one another.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1979

Migrant farm workers: social conditions, adaptive belief systems, and psychiatric care.

Two migrant farm labor camps were observed during two summer harvesting seasons. A part of the observations consisted of interviews with 104 farm laborers, with 16 of them being interviewed intensively. Migrant farm workers were exploited by the crew boss and the farm owner, and they in turn exploited each other. Consequently, many workers left farm work. Those who remained in the camps adapted their attitudes and their views to the conditions. Though they had a begrudging respect for the crew boss, they showed an overriding concern with exploitation. They conveyed a numbness about life, themselves, and their place in society; this numbness was combined with self criticism and an attempt to maintain some self-respect. They expressed distrust for and suspicion of others, and though they could not articulate it very well, they felt great fear and anxiety. In order to diagnose and treat disorder in migrant farm workers, psychiatrists must understand the exploitive social setting of migrant farm work and the adaptations of workers to that setting.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1978

School adjustment of children with observable disabilities.

This study investigated school behavior and achievement of children with mild degrees of observable physical disability. Children from two different disability types (cleft palate and cerebral palsy) were compared with each other and to a control group in order to determine potential similarities across disability types. Children (N = 78) from each of the two disability groups were individually matched to each other and to a normal control group (N = 39) by sex, IQ, socioeconomic status, age, and grade. They were compared on the basis of teachers' behavioral ratings and achievement test scores. All children attended regular public school classrooms. The two disability groups displayed significantly greater inhibition of impulse and lower educational achievement than did the controls. The implication of similar school adjustment across mild but observable subtypes is discussed.

Achievement↗
PubMed1977

Familial occurrence of the Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome and persistent fontanel.

We describe a family in which 3 sisters gave birth to 8 infants with the Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome. The clinical manifestations in all the affected individuals included macroglossia, macrosomia and omphalocele, while their mothers all were entirely normal. Pedigree analysis suggests that familial occurrence of the Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome may be due to delayed mutation.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1976

Anaphylactoid reactions in rats and the blood sugar level.

When the blood sugar level in rats is reduced by insulin, the carrageenan-anaphylactoid reaction in one hindpaw is inhibited although the dextran-anaphylactoid reaction in the other hindpaw of the same animals is potentiated. When the blood sugar level is raised after alloxan pretreatment, the carrageenan reaction is potentiated whereas the dextran reaction is inhibited. The results support the hypothesis that the two local irritants exert their effects by involving different mechanisms.

Alloxan↗