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Biomedical subjects

D Hannequin

Publications and source records attributed to D Hannequin.

88 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Continuous partial epilepsy disclosing diabetes mellitus].

Continuous partial epilepsy (CPE) is characterized by isolated, subintrant clonus focalized to a limited territory with critical focal electroencephalography in a concordant territory. CPE is observed in various cortical lesions but also in disorders of metabolism and notably decompensated diabetes mellitus. We report a case of CPE without focal lesion at MRI which revealed hyperglycaemia without ketosis. The 54-year old female patient was hospitalised for C.P.E.. Early CT and later MRI gave normal results. Biochemistry showed hyperglycaemia without kenoturia, acidosis or hyperosmolality. Insulin therapy rapidly brought glycaemia down to its normal level and the clonsism disappeared. Five months later, the patient had no other seizure and the EEG was normal. Epileptic seizures are frequent in hyperglycaemia without ketosis (25% of the cases) where they are mainly partial and motor (75 to 86% of the cases), rarely associated with a focal lesion (15% of the cases with CT scan). They are rare in patients with ketoacidosis. This apparent protective effect of ketoacidosis may be attributed to an increase of GABA bioavailability consecutive to acidosis. CPE is resistant to antiepileptic treatments. In CPE induced by hyperglycaemia without ketosis normalization of blood glucose level with insulin therapy is concomitant with a rapid cure of epilepsy. Thus glycaemia should be measured in all patients presenting with CPE, the aim being to diagnose hyperglycaemia without ketosis rapidly to avoid hyperosmolality and to prescribe an adequate treatment based exclusively on insulin and rehydration.

Diabetes Complications↗
PubMed1990

Anorectal manometric anomalies in seven patients with frontal lobe brain damage.

We studied the anorectal manometric and urodynamic pattern of seven patients who had right and/or left frontal lobe injury to investigate the possibility that the frontal lobe area plays an important role in control of anorectal motility as it does for the urinary bladder. We found that the disturbances of anorectal manometric recordings were similar to those of urodynamic recordings: (1) lack of urinary bladder filling sensation (two cases), increased perception threshold of rectal distension (two cases); (2) uninhibited detrusor contractions during filling (five cases), spontaneous rectal contractions during the resting step (four cases); (3) absence of micturition (one case), absence of rectoanal inhibitory reflex (one case). Furthermore, in all but one patient, we observed a decrease in the amplitude and duration of the voluntary contraction of the anal canal (six cases). However, in two of the seven patients we found hypertonia in the anal canal (upper part: one case, lower part: one case), but never in the urethral canal. Our results suggest that frontal lobe may be involved in the nervous control of anorectal motility as it is for urinary bladder function. However, the lack of correlation between urinary and anorectal anomalies in individual cases suggests that these functions depend on distinct areas of the frontal lobe.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Development of a model to study the anti-edema properties of Ginkgo biloba extract].

The vasogenic edema observed after irradiation of the brain constitutes a new and interesting model to study the anti-oedema properties of drugs. We have just completed a first pharmaco-clinical study of Ginkgo biloba extract with the dual purpose of assessing the feasibility of a therapeutic protocol and of deciding on simple and non-invasive criteria that would quantity cerebral oedema. The results of this pilot study have encouraged us to pursue our investigations under strict methodological conditions, in view of their therapeutic but also epidemiological interest.

Brain Edema↗
PubMed1986

[Marchiafava-Bignami disease with favorable development].

A 35 year-old right-handed woman with a history of alcoholism presented signs of interhemispheric disconnection. CT of the brain revealed a low-density areas in the corpus callosum. Two months later, clinical examination was normal, but the CT showed cystic area in the genu and splenium. MRI was also consistent with a lesion of the corpus callosum. CT and MRI did not show lesions in the hemispheric white matter.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Flash-pattern visual evoked potentials and limited lesions of the occipital lobe].

Four patients with restricted lobe lesions and one patient with large occipital lesions were selected for VEP studies to full-field and half-field flash pattern stimuli. The abnormalities of the responses were more important with full-field stimuli. In three patients with inner side occipital lobe damage, the P100 component disappeared ipsilaterally to the lesion, but N140 remained normal on bilateral occipital leads. In one patient with outer side occipital lobe damage, P100 was normal on bilateral occipital leads, but N140 disappeared ipsilaterally to the lesion. In one patient with large occipital lesion, P100 and N140 both disappeared ipsilaterally to the lesion. It appears that the P100 component is related to the inner and that N140 is related to the outer area of the occipital lobe.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Dissociation of visual evoked responses to hemi-field or full-field flash-checkerboard stimulation].

Unexpected visual evoked responses (VERs) were recorded in 5 subjects with tumoral, ischemic or hemorrhagic lesions of the retrochiasmatic visual pathways. The flash pattern stimulation was always binocular and involved full-field and half-field stimuli. In these 5 cases, the total field VER was asymmetrical with anomalies on the affected occipital region. However half-field VERs P100 contralateral to the stimulus were noted both on the normal and on the affected occipital region. One can ask if this is not an electrophysiological equivalent of the clinical relative hemianopsia.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diversity of patterns of improvement in confrontation naming rehabilitation: some tentative hypotheses.

A previous group analysis of the effects of a computerized written naming rehabilitation program revealed global improvement with generalization of benefits to untrained items and to untreated oral naming (Deloche et al., 1992). The present multiple single-case analysis of the data indicates a variety of patterns of improvement and of generalization effects among individual patients. Patterns of relationships between written and oral naming behaviors help to explain the type of improvement that was observed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Measurement of voice onset time in dysarthric patients: methodological considerations.

Voice onset time (VOT) reflects the timing control between laryngeal and supralaryngeal adjustments. It has been studied both in normal speakers and patients with speech disorders, but very little information has been published on the feasibility of this measure in clinical practice. We examined 10 repeated utterances involving the voiceless stop consonants [p], [t] and [k] in 110 subjects (27 controls, 48 with spastic dysarthria and 35 with hypokinetic dysarthria). The mean rate of measurable VOT was 95% for normal speech, 80% for hypokinetic dysarthria and 84% for spastic dysarthria. The main obstacle to successful measurement was lack of the burst signifying the release of the plosive. The posterior stop [k] presented the greatest measurement difficulties for the dysarthric subjects, which is in accordance with previous perceptual reports on dysarthria.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Myasthenic syndrome induced by lithium].

BACKGROUND: Lithium salts can induce a dysfunction of the neuromuscular junction. CASE REPORT: A patient given lithium for bipolar psychosis developed a state of major fatigue revealing a myasthenia syndrome which resolved progressively after lithium withdrawal. DISCUSSION: In the literature, we found 4 cases of neuromuscular junction disorders in patients treated with lithium. A myasthenia syndrome was induced by lithium in 3 cases and underlying myasthenia was disclosed by lithium in the last one. The long-term course in our patient was in favor of an induced syndrome rather than underlying myasthenia. We discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms. Lithium is a commonly prescribed drug. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of neuromuscular junction disorder in patients taking lithium who develop muscle fatigue.

Anti-Anxiety Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Midsagittal MR measurements of the corpus callosum in healthy subjects and diseased patients: a prospective survey.

PURPOSE: To determine quantitatively a possible corpus callosum (CC) involvement in normal aging and white matter diseases. METHODS: Midsagittal size and signal of CC were recorded prospectively from 243 routine MR brain examinations. A midline internal skull surface (MISS) and subcutaneous fat signal intensity were measured to calculate CC/MISS and CC/fat ratios. Four groups of subjects were studied: 124 apparently healthy subjects, 45 patients with multiple sclerosis, 13 patients with a noncerebral cancer under chemotherapy, and 37 AIDS patients. RESULTS: Mean surface area of CC in controls was 6.36 cm2. It was significantly larger in men than in women (P < .05), but CC/MISS ratio was not. Elderly controls > 70 years and AIDS patients displayed significant CC atrophy, as well as multiple sclerosis subjects with long-standing disease or with a severe chronic progressive form. CONCLUSION: CC substance loss identification should not be based on visual inspection or on absolute area, but by means of a CC/MISS ratio.

Adolescent↗