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Biomedical subjects

D H Zhang

Publications and source records attributed to D H Zhang.

52 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Antibiotic susceptibility of type b Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and antibiotic concentration in cerebrospinal fluid.

Antibiotic susceptibilities of 38 type b Haemophilus influenzae and 28 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from cerebrospinal fluid, blood and other specimens between 1973 and 1988 were studied. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ampicillin against 10 beta-lactamase positive and 28 negative H. influenzae isolates were 32-64 and 0.25 micrograms/ml, respectively. The MIC of chloramphenicol against one of the beta-lactamase positive H. influenzae strains was 8 but MICs against the rest of the organisms were 0.5-1 micrograms/ml. MICs of cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and cefuroxime against all H. influenzae strains were 0.016, 0.008 and 0.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. No S. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to penicillin G and MICs of this drug were 0.016-0.032 micrograms/ml. MICs of cefotaxime, cefriaxone and cefuroxime against all S. pneumoniae strains were 0.016-0.032, 0.016-0.032 and 0.032-0.063 micrograms/ml, respectively. MICs of chloramphenicol against 15, 4 and 9 of S. pneumoniae isolates were 2, 8 and 16 micrograms/ml, respectively. Antibiotic concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with bacterial meningitis after intravenous administration of ampicillin (50-70 mg/kg x 4/day), penicillin G (31-63 mg/kg x 4/day), cefotaxime (50 mg/kg x 4/day) and chloramphenicol (25 mg/kg x 4/day) were 4.70 +/- 1.83 (n = 11), 0.57 +/- 0.32 (n = 7), 4.97 +/- 2.60 (n = 9) and 8.52 +/- 3.54 micrograms/ml (n = 3), respectively. The initial choice of antibiotics in older children with bacterial meningitis is a combination of ampicillin (75 mg/kg x 4/day) and cefotaxime (50 mg/kg x 4/day) to cover ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, and Listeria monocytogenes in Japan. These antibiotics should be changed according to the causative organisms and their antibiotic susceptibilities.

Cephalosporins↗
PubMed1990

[Application of thoracoscopy in the diagnosis of pleuro-pulmonary disease].

Thoracoscopic examination was performed in 20 cases of pleuro-pulmonary diseases of uncertain etiology, 16 patients (80%) obtained positive thoracoscopic biopsy results while 4 false negative. Needle pleural biopsy was carried out in 10 cases and four of them gave correct diagnosis. After thoracoscopy thoracotomy were performed in 7 cases and all lesions were resected. Thirteen cases with advanced tumor or benign pleural diseases were treated conservatively. It was concluded that thoracoscopy is as an important technique in diagnosis of pleuro-pulmonary diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Thoracoscopy using flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy--a preliminary report of experimental and clinical studies].

The preliminary experience on thoracoscopy with fiberoptic bronchoscope through a trocar designed by the authors for the purpose of studying its diagnostic implication and safety was reported. Structures in the pleural cavity of 8 dogs, being examined for 16 times, could be clearly perceived and taken for biopsy with exact localization. This technique was also carried out in 5 patients suffering from pleural effusion, mediastinal mass and periphery lung disease of unknown cause. After the examination, diagnosis was made as mesothelioma in 2 cases and non-specific pleurisy, malignant lung tumor with mediastinal lymphatic node metastasis and pulmonary benign tumor in the remaining 3 cases respectively. It was observed that its respiratory and circulatory effects were negligible as there were only transient fever in all the cases and local subcutaneous emphysema in one case with prompt recovery without treatment. Thoracoscopy is a technique easy to operate, safe, less traumatic and gives accurate diagnosis in clinical practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Diagnosis and treatment of multiple primary bronchogenic carcinoma].

From 1974 to 1983, 4 patients with multiple primary bronchogenic carcinoma were treated. It comprised 0.64% (4/622) of all lung cancers admitted to our hospital during the same period. Out of these 4 patients, 2 were synchronous and 2 were metachronous. 3 were bilateral, the other was unilateral. 3 were preoperatively misdiagnosed as pulmonary metastases and the fourth case was confirmed only postoperatively. The common pathologic combination was squamous carcinoma and squamous carcinoma. Two patients with synchronous cancers survived for 15 and 42 months after the operation. Two with metachronous cancers are living up to now (for more than four years) after the second cancer had been removed. The diagnosis and treatment of this cancer are discussed. The authors believe that the survival rate may be increased by early diagnosis and prompt operation.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Hepatitis B virus and primary liver cancer on Chongming Island, People's Republic of China.

Data on potential risk factors for primary liver cancer (PLC), including hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, contaminated drinking water, maize consumption, and use of tobacco and alcohol were collected from 12,222 males over 40 years of age living on Chongming Island, a high-risk area for PLC. During the first 3 years of follow-up (1980-82), 70 deaths from this disease occurred among study subjects. Preliminary results indicate that HBV carriers were 6.7 times more likely to die of PLC than were noncarriers (P less than .05). No association was found between PLC and alcohol consumption. More data are needed for evaluation of the relationships between cigarette smoking, maize consumption, contaminated drinking water, and PLC on Chongming Island.

Adult↗