Epidural needle rotation and inadvertant dural puncture with catheter.
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Anesthesia, Epidural↗
Biomedical subjects
D H Wallace
Publications and source records attributed to D H Wallace.
Efficacy of ivermectin and pyrantel pamoate combined in a chewable formulation against heartworm, hookworm, and ascarid infections in dogs.
Eight trials were conducted in dogs to document the efficacy of ivermectin (6 micrograms/kg of body weight) and pyrantel pamoate (5 mg of active pyrantel/kg) in a beef-based chewable formulation against Dirofilaria immitis, Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Toxocara canis, and Toxascaris leonina. Three studies involved induced infection with D immitis, and 5 studies involved induced or natural infection with hookworms and ascarids. In 3 intestinal parasite trials, the efficacy of the combination chewable tablet was compared with each of its components. Results indicated that 1 component did not interfere with the activity of the other. In 1 heartworm and 2 intestinal parasite trials, the efficacy of pyrantel, ivermectin/pyrantel combination, or ivermectin with pyrantel dosage of 10 mg/kg was evaluated. The ivermectin/pyrantel combination was 100% effective in preventing development of D immitis larvae. Efficacy of the combined product against T canis, Toxascaris leonina, A caninum, and U stenocephala was 90.1, 99.2, 98.5, and 98.7%, respectively. In the intestinal parasite trials, each individual component was found not to interfere with the anthelmintic action of the other. Increasing the dosage of pyrantel to 10 mg/kg (2 x that in the combination) did not interfere with the efficacy of ivermectin against heartworm or increase the activity of pyrantel against intestinal parasites.
Administration, Oral↗
Legal and policy issues in mental health services.
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Humans↗
Quality of mental health services and method of payment: an empirical study.
Data from a sample of clinicians are examined to study the relationship of the lower socio-economic client and therapist. Therapist practice variables are regressed on variables measuring client income and contrasting client's use of Medicaid with the use of private insurance or out-of-pocket funds. It is found that therapist practice variables can predict a significant proportion of the variance of these criterion variables. These relationships and their implications for the therapeutic needs of indigent clients with less severely impaired conditions are discussed.
Analysis of Variance↗
Effect of ivermectin delivered from a sustained-release bolus on the productivity of beef cattle in Oregon.
The effect of ivermectin delivered from a sustained-release bolus (I-SRB) on the weight gain of beef cattle through a grazing season was evaluated using 20 yearling beef steer calves randomly divided into two groups of ten animals each. Calves in the control group each received a placebo bolus, while those in the treatment group each received an I-SRB designed to release 12 mg ivermectin day-1 for approximately 90 days. All animals were weighted and samples of feces were collected from the rectum at monthly intervals, beginning on Day 0, until trial termination (Day 148). Pasture larval counts were also conducted on herbage collected on each sampling date. On Day 119, two control and two treated calves were removed from pasture, housed in isolation for 3 weeks, then necropsied for recovery of gastrointestinal nematodes. Three sets of parasite-naive tracer calves were utilized to evaluate the initial, interim and final levels of pasture contamination by nematode larvae. A fourth set was used to evaluate the level of pasture contamination the following spring. The use of the I-SRB resulted in a greater than 99% reduction in fecal egg counts of trichostrongyles and numbers of gastrointestinal nematodes in the treated principals, as well as an average daily gain advantage of 0.114 kg over the 148 day period. A 67-98% reduction in pasture larval nematode contamination occurred on pastures grazed by the treated animals, as indicated by the parasite burden in tracer calves and pasture larval counts. The treatment effect was eventually lost by the following spring since tracer calves on the treated pasture had only 33% fewer nematodes than those on the control pasture.
Animals↗
Efficacy of ivermectin chewable tablets and two new ivermectin tablet formulations against Dirofilaria immitis larvae in dogs.
One hundred four heartworm-free Beagles less than 1 year old were studied to determine the efficacy of ivermectin chewable tablets and of 2 other ivermectin tablet formulations against heartworm larvae. At 30 days after SC inoculation of dogs with infective Dirofilaria immitis larvae, all ivermectin formulations were given orally at dosage of 6 micrograms/kg of body weight. The ivermectin chewable tablets also were given orally at dosage of 2 and 6 micrograms/kg at 30 and 45 days, respectively, after injection of larvae. Replicates of 6 or 8 dogs in each study were formed on the basis of gender and body weight and, within replicates, were randomly allocated to treatment groups. At 30 days after injection of larvae, the additional dogs (in replicates of 8) were assigned to the control group and to the group given ivermectin chewable tablets at dosage of 6 micrograms/kg. All dogs were housed individually. Necropsy was performed approximately 5 or 6 months after larvae were administered. In both trials, all control dogs had heartworms at necropsy (University of Illinois--geometric mean, 35.0; Florida--geometric mean, 26.1). In both trials, the ivermectin chewable tablet (6 micrograms/kg) and both tablet formulations (6 micrograms/kg) given at 30 days after larval injection, and the chewable formulation (6 micrograms/kg) given at 45 days after larval injection were 100% effective (P less than 0.01) in preventing development of induced infection with D immitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Efficacy of ivermectin administered via sustained-release bolus against gastrointestinal nematodes in cattle.
Twelve calves (mean weight, 175.5 kg) were used to confirm efficacy of ivermectin delivered from a prototype sustained-release bolus against naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematodes including early fourth-stage (inhibited) larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi. The calves were allocated by restricted randomization on weight to 1 of 2 groups: controls, to which a placebo bolus was given orally, and treated calves, to which a sustained-release bolus designed to deliver 8 mg of ivermectin/day at a steady rate was given orally. After treatment, the 2 groups were housed in separate pens with concrete flooring. Twenty-eight days after treatment, all calves were euthanatized and necropsied. The ivermectin-treated calves had no larval or adult Ostertagia spp and significantly (P less than 0.01) fewer adult Trichostrongylus axei and adult Cooperia (C oncophora, C punctata and C surnabada) than control calves. Efficacy of ivermectin was greater than 99% for Cooperia spp, and 100% for other parasites. Drug-related adverse reactions were not observed.
Animals↗
Efficacy of an in-feed ivermectin formulation against gastrointestinal helminths, lungworms, and sarcoptic mites in swine.
The efficacy of ivermectin as an in-feed formulation was evaluated against naturally acquired gastrointestinal helminths, lungworms, and sarcoptic mites (experiment 1; n = 24) and against induced infection with intestinal nematodes (experiment 2; n = 24) in pigs. Treatments consisted of ivermectin administered in feed at concentrations calculated to provide 100 or 200 micrograms/kg of body weight/d for 7 days or of nonmedicated feed (controls) for 7 days. At concentration of 100 micrograms of ivermectin/kg/d, efficacy against naturally acquired infections was 97.7% for Ascaris suum, 97.8% for Metastrongylus spp, greater than 99% for Oesophagostomum spp, 100% for Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus, and 89.7% for Ascarops strongylina. Against induced infections (fourth-stage larvae), efficacy was 100% for A suum and 96.9% for Oesophagostomum spp. At concentration of 200 micrograms of ivermectin/kg/d, efficacy against naturally acquired infections was 100% for A suum, Hyostrongylus rubidus, Metastrongylus spp, and Ascarops strongylina; greater than 99% for Oesophagostomum spp; and 85.9% for Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. Against induced infections (fourth-stage larvae), efficacy was 100% for A suum and 95% for Oesophagostomum spp. At concentrations of 100 and 200 micrograms of ivermectin/kg/d, efficacy against Sarcoptes scabiei var suis was evidenced by elimination of the mite by posttreatment day 14.
Animal Feed↗
Prophylactic efficacy of an ivermectin sustained-release bolus against challenge exposure with gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematode infective larvae in calves.
Twelve Holstein calves were used to determine the prophylactic efficacy of ivermectin against challenge exposure with gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes. Two groups of 6 calves (mean body weight, 205 kg) each were formed by restricted randomization according to body weight. Group-1 calves served as nonmedicated controls. Each calf of group 2 was orally given one prototype sustained-release bolus designed to deliver ivermectin at a continuous daily dose of 8 mg. Third-stage nematode infective larvae were given to the calves on posttreatment days 28 and 42. The calves were euthanatized 77 or 78 days after treatment. Ivermectin was 100% effective (P less than 0.05) in preventing the establishment of infection by Haemonchus placei, Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia spp (C punctata, C oncophora, C surnabada), Nematodirus helvetianus, Oesophagostomum radiatum, and Dictyocaulus viviparus and was greater than 99% effective against Trichostrongylus axei. Incidental infection by Trichuris spp was reduced by 94% (P = 0.08).
Animals↗
Incompetency for execution. The Supreme Court challenges the ethical standards of the mental health professions.
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Capital Punishment↗
Efficacy of clorsulon against mature, naturally acquired Fasciola hepatica infections in cattle and sheep.
Clorsulon (3.5 or 7 mg/kg of body weight) was given orally to mature cows (dairy or beef) and to mature mixed-breed sheep harboring patent infections of Fasciola hepatica. Eighteen animals of each species were assigned to a control group (drug vehicle) or to 1 of 2 treatment (3.5 or 7.0 mg/kg) groups of 6 animals each. On posttreatment days 8 (cows) or 14 (sheep), the animals were slaughtered for recovery of flukes. In cows, the efficacy (P values for treatment groups vs control) of clorsulon against infections of mature F hepatica was 99.21% (P less than or equal to 0.0065) at 3.5 mg/kg and was 100% (P less than or equal to 0.0039) at 7 mg/kg. In sheep, the efficacy was 93.33% (P less than or equal to 0.0104) at 3.5 mg/kg and was 100% (P less than or equal to 0.0039) at 7 mg/kg. These results indicate that clorsulon is a highly effective compound for the treatment of mature F hepatica in cows and sheep.
Animals↗
Efficacy of ivermectin in a topical formulation against induced gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematode infections, and naturally acquired grubs and lice in cattle.
Efficacy of ivermectin in a topical formulation was evaluated in cattle against adult gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematode infections (experiment 1, n = 24), the 2nd- and 3rd-stage larvae of Hypoderma spp (experiment 2, n = 12), and the biting louse Damalinia bovis (experiment 3, n = 12). Nematode infections were induced and grubs and lice were naturally acquired. Treatments consisted of a single dose of ivermectin in a topical formulation of 200, 500, or 1,000 micrograms/kg of body weight in experiment 1 or 500 micrograms/kg in experiments 2 and 3. At 1,000 micrograms/kg, ivermectin was 100% effective against Ostertagia ostertagi, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Nematodirus helvetianus, Haemonchus placei, and Dictyocaulus viviparus and was greater than 99% effective against Cooperia oncophora, C punctata, and T axei. At 500 micrograms/kg, the efficacy was 100% against C oncophora, C punctata, O ostertagi, T axei, Oes radiatum, N helvetianus, Haem placei, and Dict viviparus and greater than 99% against T colubriformis. At 200 micrograms/kg, the efficacy was 100% against Oes radiatum, Haem placei, and Dict viviparus, greater than 99% for O ostertagi, 96% for C oncophora, 86% for C punctata, 90% for T axei, 85% for T colubriformis, and 71% for N helvetianus. At 500 micrograms/kg, ivermectin was highly effective against the grubs Hypoderma bovis and H lineatum and eliminated the louse Damalinia bovis.
Administration, Topical↗
Computers self-care programs help integrate health promotion efforts.
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Computers↗
Efficacy of ivermectin against the mange mite Sarcoptes scabiei var suis in pigs.
The efficacy of ivermectin administered by esophageal intubation in a single dose was evaluated against the mange mite Sarcoptes scabiei var suis in 24 naturally infested pigs. Six pigs were allocated to each of the 4 treatment groups. Control (group 1) pigs were given nonmedicated water, group 2 were given ivermectin at 300 micrograms/kg of body weight, group 3 were given ivermectin at 400 micrograms/kg, and group 4 were given ivermectin at 500 micrograms/kg. The pigs were examined for S scabiei before treatment and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after treatment. Of the 18 ivermectin-treated pigs, 10 had no live S scabiei recovered on day 7 after treatment, 16 had none on day 14, 18 had none on day 21, and 16 had none on day 28. All 6 nonmedicated control pigs had live S scabiei recovered on days 7 and 21, and 5 control pigs had mites on days 14 and 28. The single administration of ivermectin given by esophageal intubation was highly effective in reducing the number of S scabiei at all dose levels tested. The pooled ivermectin-treated groups had significantly (P less than 0.01) fewer mites than the control group on all posttreatment examination days. There were no statistically significant differences among the ivermectin dose levels.
Animals↗
Efficacy of ivermectin in oral paste formulation against immature gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematodes in cattle.
The anthelmintic efficacy of ivermectin in oral paste formulation was evaluated against the 4th-stage larvae of 8 gastrointestinal nematodes and the common lung-worm in 14 experimentally inoculated calves. Two groups consisting of 7 calves each were formed by restricted randomization on body weight. The infective larvae were given orally to the animals on a staggered schedule so that the parasites were in the 4th larval stage when the animals were treated. One group was given vehicle paste, and the other group was treated with ivermectin in oral paste at the dose level of 200 micrograms/kg of body weight. The animals were killed 18 or 19 days after treatment. Ivermectin was 100% effective against Dictyocaulus viviparus, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Haemonchus placei, Ostertagia ostertagi, and Trichostrongylus axei and greater than 99% effective against Cooperia oncophora, C punctata, T colubriformis, and Nematodirus helvetianus.
Administration, Oral↗
Affectional climate in the family of origin and the experience of subsequent sexual-affectional behaviors.
The relationship between the affectional climate in the family of origin and the reported experience of adulthood sexual-affectional activities was examined. Multiple regression analyses and other multivariate techniques yielded the findings: 1) that this relationship is larger for the females than for the males, and 2) that attitudes toward physical punishment act as an important mediator of this relationship for the males, and significantly less so for the females.
Adult↗
Isolation of a plant glycoprotein involved with control of intercellular recognition.
A recognition molecule was isolated from stigmas of S-allele genotype S(2)S(2) of Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. After Sephadex chromatography, it eluted as a single symmetrical peak during diethylaminoethane-cellulose chromatography. A high degree of purity was affirmed by: sedimentation as a single peak during ultracentrifugation through 5 to 20% sucrose gradients; elution as a single peak from Sephadex G-100; visualization as a single band which stains with Coomassie blue and periodic acid Schiff reagent after electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. Other criteria supporting the conclusion that it is a glycoprotein are: (a) the highly purified preparation is anthrone-positive and has a Lowry protein to anthrone-positive carbohydrate ratio of 1.3; (b) the preparation contains arabinose, galactose, glucose, and mannose, although it is not precipitated by concanavalin A; (c) the immunological properties of the molecule are lost following protease treatment, and it has a molecular weight of 90,000 by Sephadex gel-filtration analysis and 54,500 by velocity sedimentation analysis.In vitro pretreatment of S(2)S(2) pollen with the post-diethylaminoethane-purified S(2) glycoprotein prevented the S(2)S(2) pollen from germinating on three classes of compatible stigmas: (a) mature stigmas of genotypes S(3)S(3) and S(8)S(8), which are non-self genotypes; (b) immature stigmas of genotype S(2)S(2), where incompatibility is not expressed; and (c) mature stigmas with a recessive S(2) allele. Pretreatment of S(3)S(3) and S(8)S(8) pollen with the S(2) glycoprotein did not interfere with their germination.
Journal Article↗
Development in vitro of epithelial-cell monolayers derived from fetal rat pancreas.
Purified epithelial-cell monolayers were generated in vitro from explants of fetal rat pancreas. The extent of the development of the epithelial monolayer, as determined by planimetric analysis, was enhanced by the application of two methodological procedures: (a) preincubation of fetal pancreas in situ at 27 degrees C for 5 hr prior to dissection and explantation; and (b) incubation of the explants in medium containing a high concentration (50% to 70%) of fetal bovine serum. By utilizing such culture conditions, sheets of contiguous epithelial cells, with little or no peripheral fibroblastic contamination, were maintained for 9 days. Whereas the majority of cells within the monolayer had morphological characteristics of pancreatic ductal cells, endocrine cells were identified by the specific immunocytochemical localization of insulin and glucagon. In addition, insulin could be detected in the incubation medium throughout the course of experiment. The simplicity of this preparation offers some advantages over other techniques including reduced chance of contamination and reduced cellular damage or death. It provides a model for future studies directed toward developing individual cell strains derived from pancreatic epithelial cells.
Animals↗