Biomedical subjects

D H Sutherland

Publications and source records attributed to D H Sutherland.

40 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Quantitative analysis of hip dysplasia in cerebral palsy: a study of radiographs and 3-D reformatted images.

Cerebral palsy patients (31 hips) were evaluated using radiographic and three-dimensional (3-D) images to quantify hip anatomy. The 3-D images overcome distortions caused by joint contractures. Changes were more pronounced in the non-ambulators and characterized by shallow sockets with increased neck-shaft angles. These hips tended to subluxate in a posterior-superior direction and most had defects in the femoral heads. Ambulators had increased femoral anterversion but other hip parameters tended to improve with age. The 3-D measures of roof steepness and socket depth were found to correlate strongly with radiographic parameters of subluxation.

Acetabulum↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of stiff-knee gait in cerebral palsy: a comparison by gait analysis of distal rectus femoris transfer versus proximal rectus release.

Two groups of patients with cerebral palsy (CP) were studied pre- and postoperatively by gait analysis after proximal release or distal transfer of the rectus femoris for treatment of knee stiffness in swing phase. In the first group studied, 12 patients underwent proximal rectus femoris muscle release. In the second group, 10 patients underwent distal rectus femoris transfer. After surgery, peak knee flexion was increased 9.1 degrees in swing phase by proximal rectus release and 16.2 degrees by distal rectus transfer. Hip motion throughout the gait cycle was not significantly affected by either operation, and no tendency for a crouch gait was observed after either procedure.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Intramuscular pressure during walking: an experimental study using the wick catheter technique.

Experimental studies have shown previously that intramuscular pressure is directly related to muscle tension. A wick catheter study of intramuscular pressure in the human tibialis anterior was performed to investigate dynamic changes in walking and in other selected activities. In walking, peak intramuscular pressure of 50 mm Hg occurred in the swing phase as the foot was lifted and continued in early stance phase during deceleration of the foot. Passive stretching of the tibialis anterior muscle produced an increase to 35 mm Hg with no EMG activity. Active contraction against heavy resistance produced a rise in intramuscular pressure to 107 mm Hg. In contrast to electromyography, intramuscular pressure represents both the active and passive components of muscle tension.

Catheterization↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Kinematic and kinetic analysis of distal derotational osteotomy of the leg in children with cerebral palsy.

Patients with cerebral palsy often develop rotational deformities of the lower extremities. These deformities may be caused by abnormal muscle tone, soft-tissue contractures, or bony malalignment. When rotational deformity persists after correction of the soft-tissue components, bony-realignment procedures are warranted to improve gait in ambulatory patients. We performed a retrospective review of 10 ambulatory children with cerebral palsy and tibial torsion who underwent 13 distal tibial and fibular derotation osteotomies. Preoperative and postoperative three-dimensional gait analysis were used to determine the effect of distal tibial and fibular derotation osteotomy on tibial rotation, foot-progression angle, gait velocity, and moments about the ankle. Mean tibial rotation and foot-progression angle were significantly improved by the procedure. Gait velocity improved but not significantly. Moment data demonstrated a trend toward normal. This study demonstrates that the derotational distal tibial and fibular osteotomy stabilized with percutaneous crossed Kirschner wires is a safe, reliable, and effective procedure for correcting rotational deformities of the leg in patients with cerebral palsy.

Adolescent↗