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Biomedical subjects

D H Moore

Publications and source records attributed to D H Moore.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Exercise-induced changes in uterine artery blood flow, as measured by Doppler ultrasound, in pregnant subjects.

Eleven healthy women with singleton pregnancies between 16 and 28 weeks gestation were continuously exercised, in a graded fashion, by stationary bicycle to a predetermined target heart rate. Before and within 3 minutes after exercise, uterine artery waveforms were identified from a semirecumbent position using a 3.5 MHz continuous-wave Doppler transducer coupled to an Angioscan spectrum analyzer. The ratio of peak systolic to end-diastolic frequency (A/B ratio) was utilized to assess qualitative differences in flow before and after exercise. No statistically significant changes in A/B ratios were noted. This study suggests that nonexhaustive maternal exercise does not compromise uterine artery blood flow in healthy, low-risk pregnant subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

How large should my study be so that I can detect an altered sex ratio?

The world literature on manipulations purported to alter the gender of offspring is a quagmire full of reports presenting inadequate data and contradictory conclusions. Many are due to inappropriate statistical design or analysis. The authors present simple, nontechnical reference tables for determination of the minimum sample size necessary to detect a change in sex ratio (1) from a theoretical value, and (2) between two experimental populations. Simple methods for analyzing the results of gender manipulation experiments are described. Technical details are included in a separate section.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Adenosquamous carcinoma of the fallopian tube. A clinicopathologic case report with verification of the diagnosis by immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies.

A middle-aged woman presented with a pelvic mass. Pathologic examination of the resected specimen revealed a primary adenosquamous carcinoma of the left fallopian tube. Special studies supported the concept of the neoplastic cells differentiating along two major pathways, squamous cell carcinoma and mucin-producing adenocarcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Two-sample rank tests for detecting changes that occur in a small proportion of the treated population.

In the course of studying a biological phenomenon thought to be a precursor to chromosome breakage, researchers have found that treatments sometimes produce a higher proportion of "outliers" than do controls. Our examples pertain to smokers and patients undergoing chemotherapy, although the statistical methods developed here would apply to subjects exposed to any other health hazard. We formulate the problem in a nonparametric setting. Locally most powerful rank tests are obtained for mixture alternatives. In one instance, the approximate scores test has the simple form of counting the number of treatment responses above a combined sample percentile. Our test statistics are compared to the Wilcoxon and normal scores tests using empirical power studies and asymptotic efficiencies.

Biometry↗
PubMed1986

Prolonged halothane hepatitis. Prompt resolution of severe lesion with corticosteroid therapy.

Previous reports on halothane-induced injury have included patients treated with corticosteroids. Therapy has often been initiated before there has been the opportunity for spontaneous resolution of the process. The patient reported here developed typical acute halothane hepatitis following the second exposure to the anesthetic; she remained ill and failed to show evidence of improvement during a five-week period. Clinical improvement was noted shortly after therapy with prednisone. The laboratory studies returned to normal, and the severe morphological lesion resolved. This experience supports the use of corticosteroids in halothane-induced liver injury in the absence of prompt spontaneous resolution, since therapy appears to decrease the morbidity and hasten resolution of the process.

Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury↗
PubMed1986

Sex chromosome ratios determined by karyotypic analysis in albumin-isolated human sperm.

Human sperm that had been processed for Y-enrichment (male sex preselection) according to a currently favored albumin density gradient procedure were analyzed karyotypically for the proportion of X and Y chromosomes with the use of the human sperm/hamster egg system. This method allows direct inspection of haploid chromosome complements from human sperm. In 290 albumin-isolated sperm from six men, there were 57.2% X- and 42.8% Y-bearing chromosome complements; 201 unprocessed concurrent control sperm from five of the men had 50.2% X and 49.8% Y complements. The observed shift in sex chromosome ratio in processed samples, a decrease in Y-bearing sperm, was not statistically different from that of unprocessed controls (P = 0.13) but was significantly different when compared with the theoretic X/Y ratio of 50/50 (P = 0.016). A total of 3187 historical control karyotypes were also reviewed, with an overall sex chromosome ratio (X/Y) of 49.8/50.2. The control groups did not differ significantly from the expected 50/50. The Y-enrichment of processed sperm was not confirmed.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Regional differences in relaxation of electric field-stimulated canine airway smooth muscle by verapamil, isoproterenol and prostaglandin E2.

Regional differences in contraction produced by methacholine and electric field stimulation (EFS) and in relaxation produced by isoproterenol, prostaglandin E2 and verapamil were studied in isolated canine airway smooth muscle in vitro. Low-frequency EFS (3 Hz, 0.5 msec, 50 V) contracted thoracic trachealis to 43% of maximal EFS response, whereas cervical trachealis contracted to only 14% of maximum. EFS at 10 Hz produced 75% of the maximal response in both regions of the trachea. These EFS responses were abolished by 0.1 microM tetrodotoxin and 1.0 microM atropine. Contraction produced by EFS was also matched in each tissue by contraction with methacholine. The concentrations of methacholine that matched EFS at 10 Hz were 52 +/- 7, 378 +/- 84 and 66 +/- 11 nM for cervical and thoracic trachealis and lobar bronchi, respectively. Both EFS and matched methacholine contractions of cervical trachealis and lobar bronchi were completely relaxed by isoproterenol, whereas thoracic trachealis relaxed maximally to only 60% of induced tone. When verapamil was used to relax EFS and matched methacholine contractions, cervical trachealis was completely relaxed whereas thoracic trachealis relaxed to 15% of induced tone. Although there was a regional difference in the relaxant potency of isoproterenol and, to some extent, verapamil, there was no difference in isoproterenol or verapamil EC50 values for EFS vs. matched methacholine contractions within each region. In contrast, EFS contractions of thoracic trachealis were more sensitive to prostaglandin E2-induced relaxation than were matched methacholine contractions. These data demonstrate marked differences in cholinergic and beta adrenergic receptor-mediated responses between regions of the tracheobronchial tree.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Sperm as an indicator of reproductive risk among petroleum refinery workers.

A questionnaire study of men in a wastewater treatment plant of a petroleum refinery showed twice the rate of fetal loss in the period during employment in the plant compared with the periods before and after. Questions regarding the interpretation of that study and continuing concern about reproductive risk prompted us to perform a cross sectional evaluation of sperm concentration and morphology. After adjustment for an abstinence period, the mean sperm concentration of the 74 unexposed men did not differ significantly from that of the 34 exposed men (79.9 million/cm3 v 68.2 million/cm3, p(1) = 0.16). The two groups also had a similar proportion of sperm with abnormal morphology (49.1% v 44.5%, p(1) = 0.94). This lack of association remained when degree of exposure, age, use of alcohol and marijuana, past illness or fever, use of baths or sauna, and history of urological problems were considered. These results are most consistent with the absence of sperm mediated reproductive problems.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1984

The DNA-based human karyotype.

Image cytometry and computer analysis are used to determine the relative DNA content and the DNA-based centromeric index of the 24 chromosomes of the human karyotype. A two-step procedure is used. Chromosomes of cells in metaphase first are stained with quinacrine and identified visually by their fluorescent Q-band patterns. They then are stained for DNA using gallocyanin-chrome alum. The chromosome images are scanned and recorded as digital values of optical density by an CYDAC image cytometric microscope system, CYDAC. The digital images are processed by computer to measure for each chromosome the relative DNA stain contents of the whole chromosome and of the p and q arms and the DNA-based centromeric index. About ten cells are analyzed for each of the donors, who are phenotypically normal men and women. The chromosome measurements are pooled by chromosome type for each donor and are compared among donors. The means of the chromosome measurements give the DNA-based human karyotype. Analysis of the DNA-based data shows that some chromosomes or portions of chromosomes vary significantly among donors. These variants do not correlate with detectable morphologic polymorphisms, such as Q- or C-band variants; thus they represent new and otherwise undetectable chromosome polymorphisms whose genetic basis and clinical significance are yet to be determined.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

The percutaneous absorption and excretion of promestriene (3-propoxy-17 beta-methoxy-1,3,5(10)-estratriene) in rats and humans.

The percutaneous absorption of 3H-promestriene (an antiseborrhoeic agent; 3-propoxy-17 beta-methoxy-1,3,5(10)-estratriene) was studied in rats and human subjects. Extensive and continual absorption of the tritium label (about 50% dose in 3 days) occurred in rats when the treated area of skin (ca. 30 micrograms/cm2) was occluded; when unabsorbed material was washed off after 6 h, a substantial proportion of the applied 3H (about 25% dose) had been absorbed to be excreted later. In contrast, less than 1% of the 3H applied to the skin of human volunteers (0.1-0.5 mg/cm2) was absorbed within 6 h and subsequently excreted. In rats, tissue concentrations of 3H were greatest in the liver, adrenals and ovaries.

Absorption↗
PubMed1983

Rapid cell cycle analysis. II. Phase durations and dispersions from computer analysis of RC curves.

In this paper, we present a procedure for the rapid, quantitative estimation of the G1, S, and G2 + M phase durations and dispersions and the growth fraction for asynchronously growing cell populations. In this procedure, the cell population is pulse-labelled with a radioactive DNA precursor at the beginning of the analysis and then sampled periodically. The samples are dispersed, stained with a DNA specific dye, and processed through a cell sorter where cells from mid-S phase and G1 phase are sorted. The radioactivity per cell (RC) is determined for each sorted sample. In addition, the variation in the rate of incorporation of the radioactive DNA precursor across S phase is determined and the fractions of cells in the G1, S, and G2 + M phase are estimated from DNA distributions measured during sorting. We also describe an automatic computer analysis procedure for estimation of the G1, S, and G2 + M phase durations and dispersions and growth fraction by simultaneous analysis of the variations with time in the radioactivity per cell in G1 (RCG1) and radioactivity per cell in mid-S phase (RCS) curves, the G1, S, and G2 + M phase fractions and the variation in the rate of incorporation of radioactive DNA precursor uptake across S phase. The experimental and analytical aspects of the RC procedure are applied in the cell cycle analysis of Chinese hamster M3-1 cells grown in vitro. The parameters estimated by RC analysis agree well with similar parameters estimated by fraction-of-labelled-mitoses analysis.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

The effect of dose and vehicle on early tissue damage and regenerative activity after chloroform administration to mice.

The relationship between the acute toxicity of orally-administered chloroform and its long-term tumorigenic potential was studied in male mice of the CFLP outbred Swiss albino mouse strain. A single dose of approximately 18 mg CHCl3/kg had no detectable acute toxic effect on the liver or kidneys and did not stimulate regenerative activity, whereas both toxicity and subsequent tissue regeneration were observed with single doses of about 60 mg/kg or higher. The severity of the toxic effects and regenerative changes was greater when corn oil was used as a vehicle for chloroform than when the vehicle was a toothpaste base. In earlier long-term studies in mice of the same strain, kidney tumours occurred in males given 60 mg/kg/day throughout life but not in mice given 17 mg/kg/day. The tumour response was greater when the 60-mg/kg/day dose was given in an oily vehicle than when it was given in toothpaste. The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that early acute toxic change and subsequent repair are a sine qua non for tumorigenesis in the kidney and liver in response to chloroform.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Quantitative methods of measuring the sensitivity of the mouse sperm morphology assay.

In this study murine sperm were subjected to graded doses of X irradiation (0 to 120 rad) to determine whether quantitative measurements made on enlarged photographs of the sperm heads are related to radiation dose. We found that the Mahalanobis distance statistic, when used to measure distance in a multivariate space from a control group of measurements, could be used to classify sperm as normal or abnormal. The percent classified as abnormal by this method was found to be linearly related to dose. The results suggest that sensitivity of the murine sperm assay can be improved by selecting an optimal set of measurements. This improvement can reduce the doubling dose from approximately 70 rad to 10 to 15 rad while keeping the percentage of abnormal sperm in control mice at 3%, equal to the current visual method.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1981

Sperm studies in anesthesiologists.

Semen samples were collected from 46 anesthesiologists each of whom had worked a minimum of one year in hospital operating rooms ventilated with modern gas-scavenging devices. Samples collected from 26 beginning residents in anesthesiology served as controls. Concentrations of sperm and percentages of sperm having abnormal head shapes were determined for each sample. No significant differences were found between anesthesiologists and beginning residents. Limiting the analyses to men having no confounding factors (varicocele, recent illness, medications, heavy smoking, frequent sauna use) did not change the results. The sperm concentration and morphology in 13 men did not change significantly after one year of exposure to anesthetic gases. However, the group of mean who had one or more confounding factors (excluding exposure to anesthetic gases) showed significantly higher percentages of sperm abnormalities than did the group of men without such factors. These results suggest that limited exposure to anesthetic gases does not significantly affect sperm production as judged by changes in sperm concentration and morphology. These data are reassuring, but since the hospitals surveyed used modern gas-scavenging devices, men who are occupationally exposed to anesthetic gases without this protection should be studied for fuller assessment of the possible human spermatotoxic effects.

Adult↗