Longitudinal radiographic evaluation of the progress of caries under sealants.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to D H Leverett.
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Two groups of children, ages 12 to 15, rinsed daily for 28 mo with aqueous fluoride solutions, one group using 0.05% sodium fluoride (NaF) and the other group using 0.1% stannous fluoride (SnF2). The SnF2 group had less plaque accumulation after four mo, but no difference was apparent at 16 and 28 mo. Gingivitis was less severe in the SnF2 group throughout the study, although the difference did not reach statistical significance. The 0.1% SnF2 solution, used daily as a mouthrinse, inhibits plaque formation, although this inhibitory effect is not apparent after 16 mo of rinsing.
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Community water fluoridation and individual use of fluorides have brought about a marked reduction in the prevalence of dental caries in the United States during the past 35 years. There is evidence that the prevalence of caries is declining in communities with unfluoridated water as well as in those with fluoridated water. This phenomenon may be related to an increase of fluoride in the food chain, especially from the use of fluoridated water in food processing, increased use of infant formulas with measurable fluoride content, and even unintentional ingestion of fluoride dentifrices. This trend should encourage reevaluation of research priorities and previously accepted standards for optimal fluoride use.
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This clinical trial of a daily 0.1% SnF2 mouthrinse involved over 400 children, from 12 to 15 years of age. With 0.05% NaF as the active control, rinsing was conducted daily for four mo after baseline examinations. Four-month examinations showed significantly lower Plaque Index scores for the SnF2 group. Gingival Index scores for the SnF2 group were lower, but did not reach statistical significance.
This paper reports on a relatively uncomplicated and inexpensive computerized system for prospective evaluation of clinical dental programs from the point of view of effectiveness and efficiency. Availability of this system does away with some high start-up costs. Three forms of input data, new case information, examination findings and operative procedure information, are regularly collected on data sheets and specially designed Port-a-punch IBM cards. Easily interpreted output tables are generated monthly on such variables as completed cases according to treatment series and clinician, number of various procedures performed by clinicians, etc. Productivity is measured, in part, by application of monetary constants to procedure data. This paper describes the computer programs used, the cost of setting up and operating the system (which is within the budgetary constraints of most small, publicly funded programs) and the benefits that can be derived from the use of such a system. The system provides prompt feedback of relevant administrative data, thus allowing for relatively quick response to problems. Use of the system reduces clerical needs to a minimum and the program can easily be implemented on any except the very smallest digital computer.
A study was conducted of family records and claim forms of a company-sponsored dental plan to determine the effects of several demographic variables on utilization of the plan and on patterns of expenditure. The plan was non-contributory on the part of the employees. Individual utilization of the plan (at least once during the study year) closely approximated the average for the entire U.S. population. Salaried employees, and families, were more likely to use the plan than hourly-paid employees and families. High income families were more likely than lower income families to use the plan. Most of the independent variables (income, age, hourly versus salaried) correlated with utilization patterns in a predictable manner. A notable exception was when one looked from one division of the corporation to another, with 25 per cent of families in one division using the plan in the study year, compared to 90 per cent at another division. The reasons for these dramatic differences may be related, at least in part, to institutional factors rather than to patient behavior, and further study is indicated.
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A questionnaire survey of over 500 dentists in upstate New York was conducted to determine the following: (1) the extent to which the dentists understood the recent changes in the State Dental Practice Act as it applies to expanded functions of dental hygienists and (2) the attitudes and beliefs of these dentists regarding the use of hygienists and dental assistants in the performance of expanded duties in the private office. In general, the respondents were not familiar with the recent changes in the Dental Practice Act. When the respondents who employed dental hygienists were compared to those who did not employ hygienists, the differences regarding understanding of the changes in the act were not striking.
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