Biomedical subjects

D H Kang

Publications and source records attributed to D H Kang.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed2001

Application of multiple antimicrobial interventions for microbial decontamination of commercial beef trim.

Commercially produced, irregularly sized (range, 100 to 400 cm2), uninoculated beef trim was treated by a previously optimized multihurdle antimicrobial process under spray system or hot air gun with set-up speed (1 cm/s): W (water wash at 65 psi for five passes) + HW (82 degrees C water at 30 psi for three passes) + HA (510 degrees C air for five passes) + L (2% [vol/vol] room temperature lactic acid wash at 30 psi for three passes). After treatment, the trim was finely ground, vacuum packaged, and stored at 4 degrees C for up to 20 days. At regular intervals (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 days of storage at 4 degrees C), the ground beef was analyzed to measure mesophilic aerobic bacteria (APC), coliforms, psychrotrophic bacteria (PCT), and presumptive lactic acid bacteria (PLAB) and compared with the untreated control. The numbers of APC, coliforms, PCT, and PLAB were reduced to nearly nondetectable levels immediately after treatment, with significant differences compared with the control (P < 0.05), then started to increase after 5 to 10 days of storage at 4 degrees C. After 20 days, microbial populations of treated ground beef were significantly lower than those of nontreated ground beef for the numbers of APC, coliforms, PCT, and PLAB (P < 0.05), with differences of 1.2, 2.4, 1.6, and 1.6 log CFU/g, respectively. Based on microbial reduction and quality aspects, the multihurdle antimicrobial process was identified as an effective intervention to reduce coliforms on beef trim.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Evaluation of combination treatment processes for the microbial decontamination of pork trim.

Combination treatment processes for the microbial decontamination of pork trim were developed and evaluated. Lean pork trim tissue (LPT) and fat-covered pork trim tissue (FPT) inoculated with swine feces were treated with intervention processes as follows: (i) control (untreated), (ii) water (15 degrees C, 120 s), (iii) water followed by lactic acid wash (15 degrees C, 75 s), (iv) combination 1 (water plus hot water [65.5 degrees C, 15 s] plus hot air [510 degrees C, 60 s] plus lactic acid), (v) combination 2 (water plus hot water [82.2 degrees C, 15 s] plus hot air [510 degrees C, 75 s] plus lactic acid), and (vi) combination 3 (water plus hot water [82.2 degrees C, 45 s] plus hot air [510 degrees C, 90 s] plus lactic acid). Populations of aerobic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and lactic acid bacteria were determined before and after treatment and at days 2 and 7 of 4 degrees C storage. Regardless of the intervention treatment, lower microbial populations were observed on FPT than on LPT immediately after treatment and during the 7-day storage period. Both LPT and FPT treated with water plus lactic acid, combination 1, combination 2, and combination 3 had lower remaining populations of all microbial groups immediately after treatment than did water-treated samples. Populations of aerobic bacteria, coliforms, E. coli, and lactic acid bacteria on either LPT or FPT did not statistically increase during the 7-day storage period. On LPT, populations of psychrotrophic bacteria grew during 4 degrees C storage but remained lower at day 7 on LPT treated by combinations 2 and 3 (2.29 and 1.89 log10 CFU/cm2, respectively) than on LPT treated with water (4.07 log10 CFU/cm2) or water plus lactic acid (3.52 log10 CFU/cm2). Populations of psychrotrophic bacteria remained below detectable levels throughout the 7-day storage on FPT treated with water plus lactic acid or any of the three combination treatments. Treatment of pork trim with any of the combination treatments significantly (P < 0.05) affected the color and emulsion stability of the ground pork. Water and water plus lactic acid were the most favorable treatments in reducing microbial populations on pork trim without affecting the quality attributes of the ground pork.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Evaluation of thin agar layer method for recovery of acid-injured foodborne pathogens.

The thin agar layer (TAL) method of Kang and Fung was used to enumerate acid-injured foodborne pathogens. This method involves overlaying 14 ml of nonselective medium (tryptic soy agar [TSA]) onto a prepoured and solidified pathogen-specific, selective medium in a petri dish. After surface plating, injured cells resuscitated and grew on TSA during the first few hours of incubation; then, the selective agents from the selective medium diffused to the top layer, interacted with the recovered microorganisms, and started to produce typical reactions. Foodborne pathogens were exposed to 2% acetic acid for 1, 2, or 4 min, and the recovery rate with the TAL method was compared with the rate of TSA and pathogen-specific, selective media. No significant difference occurred between TSA and TAL (P > 0.05) for enumeration of acid-injured Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Yersinia enterocolitica, and both recovered significantly higher numbers than the selective medium for each respective pathogen (P < 0.05). For recovery of acid-injured Listeria monocytogenes, no difference (P > 0.05) occurred among TSA, TAL, and selective media. However, fewer cells were recovered in the selective media. The TAL method is a one-step, convenient procedure for recovery of acid-injured cells.

Acids↗

PubMed2000

Long-term outcomes of minor dissection at the edge of stents detected with intravascular ultrasound.

We evaluated the influences of minor edge dissections on late angiographic in-stent restenosis in 327 patients with 348 lesions (281 lesions without edge dissection and 67 lesions [19.3%] with edge dissection); the angiographic restenosis rate was 29.9% in the lesions with edge dissections versus 25.3% without edge dissections (p = 0.540). The minor non-flow-limiting dissections at the edge of stents may not be associated with the development of late angiographic in-stent restenosis.

Coronary Angiography↗

PubMed2000

Pressure-derived fractional collateral blood flow: a primary determinant of left ventricular recovery after reperfused acute myocardial infarction.

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the relation between pressure-derived fractional collateral flow (PDCF) and left ventricular (LV) recovery after reperfused acute myocardial infarction (AMI). BACKGROUND: The functional significance of collateral flow remains uncertain in AMI. METHODS: The PDCF was measured in 70 patients with first AMI (pain onset <12 h) treated with primary angioplasty (PA), being determined by simultaneous measurement of mean aorta pressure (Pa), distal coronary pressure during the balloon occlusion (Poc), and central venous pressure (CVP): (Poc - CVP)/(Pa - CVP)*100. Sufficient collateral (group I) was defined as PDCF index >24% and insufficient collateral (group II) as PDCF index <24%. Echocardiography was performed before, and on day 3, day 7, and day 30 after PA. Wall-motion recovery index (RI) was obtained by dividing the number of improved wall-motion segments (>grade 1) at follow-up by the number of abnormal wall-motion segments within the infarct zone at baseline. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics were similar between both groups. Peak levels of creatine kinase were lower in group I than in group II (2,600+/-1,900 U/liter vs. 4,100+/-3,000, p < 0.05). At one month, infarct zone wall-motion score index (1.65+/-0.54 vs. 2.31+/-0.46, p < 0.01) and LV volume indexes were smaller in group I than in group II, whereas, LV ejection fraction was higher in group I than in group II (52.8+/-8.3 vs. 45.9+/-9.0, p < 0.01). The PDCF index was the strongest predictor of RI at one month (r = 0.61, p < 0.01). Time to reperfusion was not related to RI at one month. However, it was significantly related to RI in group II (r = -0.34, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The LV recovery after reperfused AMI is primarily determined by PDCF and is less dependent on time to reperfusion in patients with sufficient collaterals.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Application of thin agar layer method for recovery of injured Salmonella typhimurium.

Xylose lysine decarboxylase (XLD) medium, a selective plating medium, can inhibit heat-injured Salmonella typhimurium from growing, whereas tryptic soy agar (TSA), a nonselective medium, does not. To facilitate recovery of heat-injured S. typhimurium cells while providing selectivity of isolation of S. typhimurium from other bacteria in the sample, a thin agar layer (TAL) procedure was developed by overlaying 14 ml of nonselective medium (TSA) onto prepoured and solidified XLD medium in a 8.5 cm diameter Petri dish. During the first few hours of incubating the plate, the injured S. typhimurium repaired and started to grow in the TSA. During the resuscitation of injured cells, the selective agents from XLD were diffused to the TSA top layer part. Once the selective agents diffused to the top part of the TAL, the resuscitated S. typhimurium started to produce a typical reaction (black color) and other microorganisms were inhibited by the selective agents. The recovery rate for heat-injured (55 degrees C for 15 min) S. typhimurium with the TAL method was compared with TSA, XLD, and the traditional overlay method (OV; pouring selective agar on top of resuscitated cells on TSA agar 3-4 h after incubation). No significant difference occurred among TSA, OV, and TAL (P > 0.05) for enumeration of heat-injured S. typhimurium, but they recovered significantly higher numbers than from XLD agar (P < 0.05).

Agar↗

PubMed2000

Long-term outcomes of minor plaque prolapsed within stents documented with intravascular ultrasound.

The direct relationship between minor plaque prolapsed within stents and late in-stent restenosis is unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the impact of minor plaque prolapse on late angiographic in-stent restenosis. Intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS)-guided single-coronary stenting was successfully performed on 384 consecutive patients with 407 native coronary lesions. Six-month follow-up angiographic evaluation was performed on 315 patients (82. 0%) with 334 lesions (82.1%). Minor plaque prolapsed within the stent was found in 75 of 334 lesions (22.5%). Results were evaluated using angiographic and IVUS methods. The development of minor plaque prolapse was significantly associated with infarct-related artery (P = 0.000) and small pre-intervention minimal lumen diameter (P = 0. 001). The overall angiographic restenosis rate was 23.1% (77/334)-21.3% (16/75) in the lesions with plaque prolapse vs. 23.6% (61/259) in the lesions without plaque prolapse (P = 0.806). In conclusion, minor plaque prolapsed within stents might not be associated with late angiographic in-stent restenosis.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

Immediate and late clinical and angiographic outcomes after GFX coronary stenting: is high-pressure balloon dilatation necessary?

BACKGROUND: The GFX stent is a balloon-expandable stent made of sinusoidal element of stainless steel. The adjunct high-pressure balloon dilatations were usually recommended in routine stenting procedure. HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to evaluate the immediate and long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes and to investigate the necessity of high-pressure balloon dilatation during GFX stenting. METHODS: In all, 172 consecutive patients underwent single 12 or 18 mm GFX stent implantation in 188 native coronary lesions. Two types of stenting technique were used: (1) stent size of a final stent-to-artery ratio of 1:1 (inflation pressure > 10 atm, high-pressure group), and (2) stent size of 0.5 mm bigger than reference vessel (inflation pressure < or = 10 atm, low-pressure group). The adjunct high-pressure balloon dilatations were performed only in cases of suboptimal results. RESULTS: The adjunct high-pressure balloon dilatation was required in 11 of 83 lesions (13%) in the high-pressure group and in 7 of 105 lesions (7%) in the low-pressure group (p = 0.203). Procedural success rate was 100%. There were no significant differences of in-hospital and long-term clinical events between the two groups. The overall angiographic restenosis rate was 17.7%; 18.4% in the high-pressure group and 17.1% in the low-pressure group (p = 0.991). CONCLUSIONS: The GFX stent is a safe and effective device with a high procedural success rate and favorable late clinical outcome for treatment of native coronary artery disease. Further randomized trials may be needed to compare stenting techniques in GFX stent implantation.

Catheterization↗

PubMed2000

Neuroendocrine and leukocyte responses and pulmonary function to acute stressors.

Although stress is linked to asthma exacerbation, underlying mechanisms are unclear. Given the shared relevance to stress and asthma, select neuroendocrine and immune responses to acute stressors and their impact on pulmonary function were examined, comparing responses between students with (n = 20) and without childhood asthma (n = 16). Students were challenged with speech and math tasks. Blood samples were collected five times: before tasks, immediately after first and second tasks, and 15 and 60 minutes posttasks. Pulmonary function was measured four times, excluding midtask point. Stress reactivity patterns did not differ between two groups. However, all measures showed significant changes across the challenge. Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine rose during tasks and declined after tasks, p < .001. Cortisol mainly declined after tasks, p = .03. Leukocyte count increased during tasks with increased lymphocyte percentage that declined after tasks, while neutrophil percentage changed opposite to lymphocytes, p < .001 each. Changes in pulmonary function were significant, p < .05, but were not predicted by the magnitude of neuroendocrine and immune changes. Instead, neuroendocrine and immune levels explained 33%-51% of variance on concurrent pulmonary function. Findings indicate that acute stress induces significant neuroendocrine and immune changes that can affect pulmonary function. However, stress reactivity needs further investigation with larger samples and people with a more severe form of asthma.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Safety and clinical impact of ergonovine stress echocardiography for diagnosis of coronary vasospasm.

OBJECTIVES: We sought to address the issues of safety, feasibility and clinical impact of noninvasive diagnosis of coronary vasospasm (CVS). BACKGROUND: The safety of ergonovine provocation for CVS performed outside the catheterization laboratory has been questioned. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of the results of bedside ergonovine provocation testing by monitoring left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMAs) using two-dimensional echocardiography (Erg Echo). RESULTS: After confirming that there was no significant epicardial coronary stenosis, Erg Echo was performed on 1,372 patients from July 1991 to December 1997. Ergonovine echocardiography was terminated prematurely in 13 patients (0.9%) because of limitations caused by side effects unrelated to myocardial ischemia. Among 1,359 completed tests, 31% (n = 421) showed positive results, with development of RWMAs in 412 tests (98%) or ST displacement in electrocardiograms of nine tests (2%). Arrhythmias developed in 1.9% (26/1,372), including transient ventricular tachycardia (n = 2) and atrioventricular block (n = 4), which were promptly reversed with nitroglycerin. There was no mortality or development of myocardial infarction. Based on the angiographic criteria of 218 patients, the sensitivity and specificity of Erg Echo for the diagnosis of CVS were 93% and 91%, respectively. Since 1994, Erg Echo has become a more popular diagnostic method than invasive spasm provocation testing in the catheterization laboratory and has comprised more than 95% of all spasm provocation tests during the last three years. In the outpatient clinic, 453 patients underwent Erg Echo safely. CONCLUSIONS: Although this is a retrospective study in a single center, we believe that Erg Echo is highly feasible, accurate and safe for the diagnosis of CVS and can replace invasive angiographic spasm provocation testing in the catheterization laboratory.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Long-term clinical and echocardiographic outcome of percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty: randomized comparison of Inoue and double-balloon techniques.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to compare the long-term clinical and echocardiographic results of the Inoue and the double-balloon techniques. BACKGROUND: The large randomized trial comparing the extent of commissurotomy and the long-term results between the double-balloon and Inoue balloon techniques has not been reported. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized trial comparing two procedures in 302 consecutive patients who underwent percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty (PMV) using Inoue (n = 152; group I) or double-balloon technique (n = 150, group D) between 1989 and 1995. The sample size was planned to provide the study with approximately 80% power for the detection of a 10% difference between the two groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups. Immediately after PMV, mitral valve area (MVA) increased from 0.9 +/- 0.2 to 1.8 +/- 0.3 cm2 in group I and from 0.9 +/- 0.2 to 1.9 +/- 0.3 cm2 in group D. No significant differences existed between the two groups in terms of development of commissural splitting, commissural mitral regurgitation (CMR), moderate to severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and MVA after PMV. The successful immediate results (MVA > or =1.5 cm2 and MR < or =2) were achieved in 127 (84%) patients of group I and 122 (81%) patients of group D (p = NS). Annual clinical and echocardiographic evaluation was completed for 290 (96%) patients with mean follow-up of 51 +/- 27 months. Adverse events occurred in 19 (13%) patients of group I (3 deaths, 7 mitral valve replacements, 5 repeat PMV, 2 NYHA class > or =3, 2 technical failures) and 16 (11%) patients of group D (2 deaths, 10 mitral valve replacements, 3 repeat PMV, 1 NYHA class > or =3). Estimated actuarial seven-year event-free survival was 75 +/- 7% in group I and 82 +/- 6% in group D (p = NS). Estimated actuarial seven-year restenosis-free survival was 67 +/- 7% in group I and 76 +/- 6% in group D (p = NS). On multivariate analysis, unsuccessful immediate result (p < 0.001) and absence of CMR (p < 0.01) were independently related with events. Absence of CMR and smaller mitral valve area after PMV were independently related with restenosis (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The Inoue and double-balloon techniques were equally effective in commissurotomy and produced similar, excellent long-term results. The achievement of complete commissurotomy with development of CMR or larger post-PMV mitral valve area is important to optimize the long-term results of PMV.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Monitoring the microbial contamination of beef carcass tissue with a rapid chromogenic Limulus amoebocyte lysate endpoint assay.

A chromogenic Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) endpoint assay was found to be an accurate and rapid means of gauging levels of beef carcass microbial contamination within 10 min. The assay demonstrated a high correlation with the total mesophilic bacterial and coliform surface populations from inoculated beef carcass surface tissues. This assay was tested on a set of actual beef carcass surface samples (n = 121) demonstrating the utility of the chromogenic LAL test as a means of monitoring carcass microbial contamination in a near real-time fashion. Classifying the chromogenic LAL results into four contamination groups was found to be a sound means of utilizing the resultant chromogenic LAL data for detecting carcasses with high levels of microbial contamination. For beef carcass testing, this assay can be used with no instrumentation other than the required 37 degrees C incubator and, as an option, a microplate reader.

Abattoirs↗

PubMed2000

Vascular endothelial growth factor accelerates renal recovery in experimental thrombotic microangiopathy.

BACKGROUND: Renal microvascular injury characterizes thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). The possibility that angiogenic growth factors may accelerate recovery in TMA has not been studied. METHODS: TMA was induced in rats by the selective right renal artery perfusion of antiglomerular endothelial cell IgG (30 mg/kg). Twenty-four hours later, rats received vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF121, 100 microg/kg/day) or vehicle (control) daily until day 14. To evaluate renal function, the unperfused left kidney was removed at day 14, and rats were sacrificed at day 17. RESULTS: The induction of TMA was associated with loss of glomerular and peritubular capillary endothelial cells and decreased arteriolar density at day 1. Some spontaneous capillary recovery was present by day 17; however, repair was incomplete, and severe tubulointerstitial damage occurred. The lack of complete microvascular recovery was associated with reduced VEGF immunostaining in the outer medulla. VEGF-treated rats had more glomeruli with intact endothelium, less glomerular ischemia (collapsed glomeruli), and greater peritubular capillary density with less peritubular capillary loss. This was associated with less tubulointerstitial fibrosis, less cortical atrophy, and improved renal function. CONCLUSIONS: VEGF accelerates renal recovery in this experimental model of TMA. These studies suggest that angiogenic growth factors may provide a new therapeutic strategy for diseases associated with endothelial cell injury.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Intravascular ultrasound findings of negative arterial remodeling at sites of focal coronary spasm in patients with vasospastic angina.

BACKGROUND: There are few data about the intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) findings in patients with vasospastic angina, especially regarding patterns of vascular remodeling. METHODS AND RESULTS: Coronary spasm was documented by angiography and electrocardiographic evidence of ischemia in 36 patients after administration of ergonovine (cumulative doses up to 350 microg). After relief of spasm with 1000 microg of intracoronary nitroglycerin, quantitative angiography and IVUS imaging were performed and analyzed by standard methods. The 36 focal spasm sites were compared with the proximal and distal reference segments. The angiographic baseline minimum lumen diameter measured 1.78 +/- 0.66 mm, which decreased to 0.66 +/- 0.38 mm with ergonovine provocation (P <.0001), increased to 2.66 +/- 0.64 mm after intracoronary nitroglycerin (P <.0001 compared with baseline and after ergonovine), and did not change after IVUS imaging (2.66 +/- 0.63, P =.9). By IVUS, atherosclerotic lesions were observed at all coronary spasm sites; the mean plaque burden measured 56% at the spasm site and 35% at the reference. Spasm site plaque composition was hypoechoic in 31 and hyperechoic, noncalcific in 5; there was no calcium. The mean eccentricity index (maximum divided by minimum plaque thickness) was 6.7. Positive remodeling (spasm site arterial area greater than proximal reference) was present in 5; intermediate remodeling (proximal reference greater than spasm site greater than distal reference arterial area) was present in 7; and negative remodeling (spasm site arterial area less than distal reference) was present in 24. CONCLUSIONS: Sites of vasospasm in patients with variant angina showed characteristics of early atherosclerosis, except for an unusually high incidence of negative arterial remodeling.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Real-time volumetric echocardiography: the technology and the possibilities.

The heart is a dynamic organ with complexities in its shape. As such, it places special demands on three-dimensional techniques for reconstruction. Real-time volumetric echocardiography, which is based on phased array and parallel processing principles to enhance line density within a scan volume, provides rapid image acquisition. We introduce the principle, potential clinical importance, current limitations, and future of volumetric imaging methods.

Echocardiography, Three-Dimensional↗

PubMed2000

Porcine coronary imaging in vivo by optical coherence tomography.

OBJECTIVE: A high-resolution coronary artery imaging modality has the potential to address important diagnostic and management problems in cardiology. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a promising new optical imaging technique with a resolution of approximately 10 microm. The purpose of this study was to use a new OCT catheter to demonstrate the feasibility of performing OCT imaging of normal coronary arteries, intimal dissections, and deployed stents in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS: Normal coronary arteries, intimal dissections, and stents were imaged in five swine with OCT and compared with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). In the normal coronary arteries, visualization of all of the layers of the vessel wall was achieved with a saline flush, including the intima which was not identified by IVUS. Following dissection, detailed layered structures including intimal flaps, intimal defects, and disruption of the medial wall were visualized by OCT. IVUS failed to show clear evidence of intimal and medial disruption. Finally, the microanatomic relationships between stents and the vessel walls were clearly identified only by OCT. CONCLUSIONS: In this preliminary experiment, we have demonstrated that in vivo OCT imaging of normal coronary arteries, intimal dissections, and deployed stents is feasible, and allows identification of clinically relevant coronary artery morphology with high-resolution and contrast.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Enrichment procedures and plating media for isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica.

A shortened enrichment procedure (25 degrees C for 24 h) was compared with cold enrichment procedures (4 degrees C for 1 to 3 weeks) and direct plating for isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica from commercial ground meat samples. The combined data of all recovery procedures showed that this organism was isolated from 34% of the ground beef samples. The highest isolation rate was 32% for the 4 degrees C/3-week enrichment, followed by 28% for the 4 degrees C/2-week enrichment, 26% for the 25 degrees C/24-h enrichment, 22% for the 4 degrees C/1-week enrichment, and 10% for direct plating. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in isolation rate occurred between the 4 degrees C/3-week, 4 degrees C/2-week, 25 degrees C/24-h, and 4 degrees C/1-week enrichments. The combined data of all recovery procedures showed that Y. enterocolitica was isolated from 64% of ground pork samples. The highest isolation rate was 48% for the 4 degrees C/3-week enrichment, followed by 40% for the 25 degrees C/24-h enrichment, 34% for the 4 degrees C/2-week enrichment, 24% for the 4 degrees C/1-week enrichment, and 24% for direct plating. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in isolation rate occurred between the 4 degrees C/3-week, 25 degrees C/24-h, and 4 degrees C/2-week enrichments. During the plating phase of the experiment, the efficiency of a dye-containing, Yersinia-selective medium (KV202) was compared with that of a commercially available cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin medium. Recovery rates were similar for both media. However, KV202 agar differentiated Y. enterocolitica from such contaminating bacteria as Enterobacter, Serratia, and Salmonella by colony morphologic characteristics and color.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Stimulation of starter culture for further reduction of foodborne pathogens during salami fermentation.

This study was conducted to determine if stimulated meat starter culture (MSC; Pediococcus acidilactici) would further control Escherichia coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus during salami fermentation. Manganese ion (0.005% of MnSO4) was used as a stimulator for the growth and acid production of MSC. After 24-h salami fermentation, nonstimulated MSC and stimulated MSC reduced E. coli O157:H7 levels by 1.3 and 2.3 log10 units, respectively. Nonstimulated MSC reduced L. monocytogenes levels by 1.2 log10 units, whereas the stimulated MSC achieved a 2.2-log10 reduction after 24-h fermentation. In the case of S. aureus, nonstimulated MSC and stimulated MSC reduced S. aureus levels by 1.3 and 2.3 log10 units after 24-h fermentation, respectively. Stimulated MSC by MnSO4 reduced those foodborne pathogens more effectively compared with nonstimulated MSC (P < 0.05).

Animals↗