Mosquitocidal activity of Bacillus laterosporus.
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Aedes↗
Biomedical subjects
D H Dean
Publications and source records attributed to D H Dean.
Assessing the role of vocational rehabilitation in disability policy.
Since 1975, vocational rehabilitation has represented a small and declining component of federal disability policy. This trend is perhaps reflective of the relatively crude assessment techniques that have been applied to the program in the past. Using the Virginia Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) program as a prototype, we outline how the data and methods of assessment can be improved for purposes of directing public policy. The key issues include identifying an appropriate comparison group for VR, analysis of longitudinal earnings data, and methods for refining measures of program cost. The analysis provides "fixed-effects" estimates of net earnings impacts for each of three postprogram years stratified by disability classification and gender. These treatment impacts are compared to total and service-specific costs. In general, this analysis suggests that evaluation of VR can be substantially improved and that these improvements can be attained at relatively modest analytic cost.
Costs and Cost Analysis↗
Toothbrush abrasion caused by different dentifrices.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the abrasive effect on toothbrush bristles caused by three brands of commercially distributed dentifrices: Colgate regular flavor, Crest tartar-control formula, and Caffree gel. New brushes and brushes tested in distilled water served as controls. Scanning electron micrographs were taken of all test samples, randomly labeled, then presented to independent evaluators. Each bristle evaluated was assigned to one of seven wear categories adapted from previous studies. Crest and Caffree produced the most bristle wear and were not significantly different from each other. Colgate and water resulted in less wear, and new brushes the least wear. These results demonstrate that the effective life of a toothbrush will vary with the type of dentifrice used.
Dentifrices↗
Hyperexpression of a Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin-encoding gene in Escherichia coli: properties of the product.
Conditions for hyperexpression, in Escherichia coli, of the Bacillus thuringiensis var, kurstaki gene, cryIA9(c)73, encoding an insecticidal crystal protein, CryIA(c)73, were investigated by varying the promoter type, host cell, plasmid copy number, the second codon and number of terminators. The cryIA(c)73 gene was cloned into three E. coli expression vectors, pKK223-3 (Ptac promoter), pET-3a (P phi 10 promoter), and pUC19 (Ptac promoter). The level of cryIA(c)73 expression was measured by ELISA and compared to total cellular protein over growth periods of 24 and 48 h. Maximum expression levels of 284 microgram CryIA(C)73/ml (48% of cellular protein) were obtained in shake flasks with the Ptac promoter in E. coli JM103. Optimal conditions were found to be low-copy-number plasmid (pBR322 ori), 48 h of growth, in lon+ cells. A change of the gene's second codon to AAA can improve expression by two to three fold but is undetectable in the presence of a strong E. coli promoter. The cryIA(c)73 gene product, in E. coli, formed crystals with the same lattice structure as the native crystals formed in B. thuringiensis (as visualized by electron microscopy). Bioassay results (insect toxicity and specificity) of the crystal produced in E. coli were similar to that produced in B. thuringiensis.
Bacillus thuringiensis↗
Orientation of genes in the Bacillus subtilis chromosome.
The orientation of 96 genes on the Bacillus subtilis chromosome was deduced by the analysis of published data. Of these genes, 91 were found to be oriented so that their promoters were proximal to the chromosomal replication origin and their transcription termini to the replication terminus. Transcription of these genes would therefore be co-directional with replication. This chromosomal organization is consistent with the hypothesis advanced for Escherichia coli that bacteria avoid head-on collisions between RNA polymerase and DNA replication proteins by the appropriate orientation of their transcription units.
Bacillus subtilis↗
Meeting the needs for health services of persons with mental retardation living in the community.
Adequate health services are critical to the success of efforts to maintain persons with mental retardation in the community, yet information concerning the health status of this population is in short supply. This paper presents the results of a survey of 333 mentally retarded persons randomly selected from a population of 1,333 such individuals living in community settings. Almost two-thirds had chronic conditions requiring medical intervention. The top five conditions in terms of prevalence were neurologic, ophthalmologic, dermatologic, psychiatric-emotional, and orthopedic. The majority of conditions were being managed appropriately in the community health system. A substantial proportion can be managed by primary care physicians with limited specialty involvement. For almost 60 percent of clients with conditions requiring home treatments on an ongoing basis, however, service gaps were identified. Other problems included the reluctance of some providers to accept Medicaid, and the inability of some clients to cooperate with medical examinations.
Adolescent↗
Location of the Bombyx mori specificity domain on a Bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin protein.
Bacillus thuringiensis produces different types of insecticidal crystal proteins (ICPs) or delta-endotoxins. In an effort to identify the insect specificity of ICP toxins, two icp genes were cloned into the Escherichia coli expression vector pKK223-3, and bioassays were performed with purified crystals. The type A protein [from an icpA1, or 4.5-kilobase (kb) gene, from B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-1] was found to be 400 times more active against Bombyx mori than type C protein (from an icpC73, or 6.6-kb gene, from B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki HD-244). The type C protein was 9 times more active against Trichoplusia ni than the type A protein, while both have similar activity against Manduca sexta. To locate the specificity domain of the type A protein for B. mori, site-directed mutagenesis was used to introduce or remove restriction enzyme sites, facilitating the exchange of regions of the two genes. The hybrid genes were overexpressed, and purified ICP was used in bioassays. The B. mori specificity domain for the ICP A toxin is located in the amino-terminal portion of the hypervariable region between amino acids 332 and 450.
Animals↗
Modulation of immune response. A possible role for murine salivary epidermal and nerve growth factors.
Both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) were found to moderate the reactivity of mouse spleen cells in an in vitro model of immune response. Blastogenic response was suppressed by EGF and potentiated by NGF. Both proteins are present in mouse, but not human, saliva in quantities equal to or greater than those affecting blastogenic response in our assay. Immune response occurring in the mouse periodontium may be affected by the presence of these factors in the saliva.
Animals↗
Temperate Bacillus bacteriophage SP16 genome is circularly permuted and terminally redundant.
The physical nature of temperate Bacillus bacteriophage SP16 DNA was analyzed by electron microscopy, exonuclease digestion, denaturation-renaturation experiments, and restriction enzyme analysis. The SP16 genome is a linear molecule 60.0 +/- 2.0 kilobases in length without cohesive ends. Electron micrographs of denatured and renatured SP16 DNA showed that the DNA is circularly permuted. The genome possesses terminal redundancy, as demonstrated by electron microscopy of exonuclease III-digested DNA.
Bacillus↗
Location of the Bacillus subtilis temperate bacteriophage phi 105 attP attachment site.
Chromosomal DNAs of lysogens of phi 105 and phi 105 DI:1t were digested with restriction enzymes EcoRI and HpaI and were probed with nick-translated mature phi 105 DNA. Altered bacteriophage-specific bands in the lysogens were detected, indicating that the phage integrates into the host chromosome at a single site, probably via a Campbell-type circular intermediate. The phage attachment site is centrally located in the phage genome and lies between the phage immunity region and the nonessential deletable region of phi 105.
Bacillus subtilis↗
Restriction endonuclease mapping of three plasmids from Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis.
Restriction endonuclease cleavage site maps have been constructed of plasmids pTX14-1, pTX14-2, and pTX14-3 from Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti).
Bacillus thuringiensis↗
Lethal effect of male rat submandibular gland homogenate for rat neonates.
Suckling rats injected subcutaneously with male submandibular gland homogenate (SMGH), but not liver homogenate (LH), died within 24 h. Weanling and adult rats injected with proportionately greater doses of male SMGH did not die. Suckling rats injected with male SMGH exhibited a 1200% increase in serum trypsin-like activity while the corresponding increase for an adult receiving a proportionately similar dose was 46%. We suggest that pups injected subcutaneously with SMGH absorbed trypsin-like enzymes into their bloodstream, were unable to inactivate the enzymes, and suffered a hypotensive crisis leading to death.
Age Factors↗
Cloning and Expression of an Insecticidal k-73 Type Crystal Protein Gene from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki into Escherichia coli.
A 75-kilobase plasmid from Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (HD-244) was associated with the k-73 type insecticidal crystal protein production by mating into B. cereus and subsequent curing of excess plasmids. This plasmid was partially digested with endonuclease R . Sau3A and the fragments were cloned into Escherichia coli (HB101) on vector pBR322. Candidate clones were screened for plasmid vectors which contained the expected insert size (at least 3 kilobases) and then with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using antisera prepared against electrophoretically purified, solubilized insecticidal crystal protein of 130,000 daltons. Several positive clones were isolated and were analyzed for expression, toxicity, and genetic content by restriction enzyme analysis. Electrophoretic transfer blots of proteins from a candidate E. coli clone, analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, demonstrated a predominant cross-reacting protein of about 140,000 daltons. Ouchterlony analysis also showed a single precipitin band. Extensive bioassays with Manduca sexta larvae revealed that the E. coli clones make toxin with a specific activity (50% lethal dose per microgram of cross-reacting protein) equivalent to that of the parental B. thuringiensis strain or a B. cereus trancipient carrying the toxin-encoding, 75-kilobase plasmid.
Journal Article↗
Nucleotide sequence of the cohesive single-stranded ends of Bacillus subtilis temperate bacteriophage phi 105.
The cohesive single-stranded ends of temperate Bacillus subtilis phage phi 105 were analyzed with the exonuclease activities of the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I and with exonuclease III and were found to be 3' extensions. Chemical sequencing of 3'-end-labeled fragments showed that the ends are 7-base extended 3' single strands and have the sequence: 5'-GCGCTCC-3'. 3'-CGCGAGG-5'
Bacillus subtilis↗
Biochemical genetics of the bacterial insect-control agent Bacillus thuringiensis: basic principles and prospects for genetic engineering.
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Bacillus subtilis↗
Effects of orchiectomy on spleen cell mitogen response and on the thymus of aged mice.
Seven weeks after orchiectomy, 19 and 10 month old mice had mean thymic weight increases of 34 and 128%, respectively, compared to sham-operated controls. Peripheral WBC counts were greater (p less than .05) in castrates of both age groups. On a cell for cell basis, the mitogen response of castrate spleen cells was not significantly greater than controls, and in some instances was significantly less. Although individual cell function may not be augmented after castration, in vivo immune response may be potentiated due to an increase in absolute number of lymphoid cells.
Aging↗
Experimental auto-allergic sialoadenitis in male rats.
Induced auto-allergic lesions in the submandibular glands of rats were studied by immunofluorescence. Direct staining with a goat anti-rat IgG conjugate was negative. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed a high incidence of anti-salivary-duct antibodies in sera from both control and experimental groups. In individual rats, no relationship was found between the presence or absence of serum anti-salivary antibodies and the presence or absence of salivary auto-allergic lesions. We conclude that the antibodies demonstrated do not play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Animals↗
Plasma amylase after parotid traumatization or duct ligation of male rats.
Parotid traumatization resulted in significant hyperamylasemia at 2 and 18 h, but resolved by 72 h after surgery. Traumatization of the exorbital lacrimal gland did not result in hyperamylasemia. Parotid duct ligation led to significantly increased amylase levels at 24 and 48 h, but resolved by 72 h.
Amylases↗