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Biomedical subjects

D Guyotat

Publications and source records attributed to D Guyotat.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Expression of a B-lymphoid differentiation antigen (CD 19) on acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia cells.

The expression of CD 19 (B4) surface antigen was investigated in 41 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), and 8 cases of acute undifferentiated leukaemia (AUL). Diagnosis was carried out by usual cytological and cytochemical means, and leukaemias were classified according to the FAB classification. CD 19 antigen is thought to be expressed on B lymphoid cells only. However, 2 cases out of 9 FAB M1, M2 and M3 subtypes were weakly stained (20 to 25%) by B4 antibody; 7 out of 11, and 17 out of 18 cases of M4 and M5 subtypes were markedly stained (25 to 70% of cells). 3 cases of AUL were also stained. Moreover, B4 expression was often correlated with expression of monocyte-associated antigens, as recognized by CRIS6, My9, KiM1 and UCHM1 antibodies. It is concluded that B4 antigen is probably expressed before B differentiation and is retained in early stages of monocytic differentiation.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1987

[Values and limitations of the detection of circulating Candida antigen (Cand-Tec) in the diagnosis of deep candidiasis].

Diagnosis of systemic candidiasis is difficult and often performed lately. It can be improved by Candida antigen detection, using agglutination of latex particles sensitized with anti-Candida albicans antibody. Candida antigen search was made in 407 sera obtained from 123 patients, in Hematology and in intensive care units. Fourty three patients had, at least, one serum positive for antigen. The titer was 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8. Twenty seven of the 43 patients had C. albicans in one or several localizations. Eight of these 27 patients had a systemic candidiasis: C. albicans grown from three blood samples, at least, and/or from organ biopsy. In these eight patients, the antigen titer was 1/4 ou 1/8. Eighty patients were Candida antigen negative. Thirty eight out of 80 had C. albicans in one or more sites and two of these 38 had systemic candidiasis. Five other patients had other Candida species. Two out of five had C. tropicalis and C. guillermondii septicemia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Influence of daunorubicin and cytarabine sequencing on the outcome of therapy in acute myelogenous leukemia: a randomized trial.

Ninety-seven patients less than or equal to 70 years of age with previously untreated primary acute myeloblastic leukemia were randomly treated with either the DAT or TAD regimen: daunorubicin (70 mg/m2/day) administered on Days 1-3 (DAT) or 5-7 (TAD) of a 7-day sequence consisting of cytarabine (200 mg/m2/day) and 6-thioguanine (200 mg/m2/day). Complete responders received consolidation, maintenance, and final intensification over 14 months using mostly the same drugs as during induction and administered in the same sequence. The regimens did not significantly differ from each other with regard to toxicity or efficacy. Complete remission rate was 80% in the two groups, and median duration of complete remission was 549 days with DAT and 518 days with TAD.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A rapid and sensitive non-competitive avidin-biotin immuno-enzymatic assay for lysozyme.

A non-competitive avidin-biotin immuno-enzymatic assay (NABA) for lysozyme is described. The assay was found to be more sensitive than a competitive assay with biotinylated lysozyme. The lower detection limit of NABA was 0.1 ng lysozyme/ml compared to 1 ng/ml for the competitive assay. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation for NABA were 5.9 and 9.1%, respectively. The total time for NABA can be decreased (to less than 1 h) without influencing the detection limit or the analytical range. Serum lysozyme levels measured by NABA and the enzymatic assay in 32 samples showed a correlation coefficient of r = 0.97.

Avidin↗
PubMed1986

Cell-cycle prognostic value in adult acute myeloid leukemia. The choice of the best variables.

Flow cytometry with simultaneous analysis of DNA and protein content allows a most exhaustive study of cell-cycle for the prognostic evaluation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Sixty-seven cases of AML were studied before any form of chemotherapy had been undertaken. We determined the following cell-cycle variables: S, S + G2 + M, low protein content fraction (LPC-fraction) and high protein content fraction of G1 (HPC-G1). Patients were stratified according to age: S and S + G2 + M phases were higher for patients over 50 who did not achieve a complete remission. LPC-fraction was significantly lower for patients older than 50 who did not achieve a complete remission not only compared to the complete remission group of patients over 50, but also compared to the younger non responder group. The duration of survival was significantly longer when LPC-fraction was higher than 26% and HPC-G1 lower than 70%. Length of survival was also better when S + G2 + M was longer than 5.75%. Analysis of the therapy failure showed that S + G2 + M and LPC-fraction were significantly different between the complete remission group and the group of patients dying in aplasia. Overall, patients older than 50 with a proliferative leukemia had a worse prognosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

A sequential study of histological and immunological changes in the skin after allogenic bone marrow transplantation.

Histological and immunopathological studies were performed on serial skin biopsies from thirteen recipients of allogenic and two recipients of autologous bone marrow transplants. Marked dermoepidermal infiltration with Leu 2a+ (OKT8+) phenotype cells was found in two patients with severe graft-versus-host disease, but the infiltration did not precede clinical onset of the graft-versus-host disease. Absence of Langerhans cells was noted during the early posttransplant period in recipients of both allogenic and autologous transplantation. Intercellular epidermal staining with anti-DR was observed in three cases, without relation to graft-versus-host disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Intensive and sequential combination chemotherapy for aggressive malignant lymphomas (protocol LNH-80).

Ninety-seven patients with aggressive malignant lymphoma (ML) were treated with an intensive and sequential chemotherapy (protocol LNH-80). There were 42 patients with intermediate grade ML, 53 patients with high-grade ML, and two patients with true histiocytic ML. Most of the patients were in advanced stage: 21 stage III and 61 stage IV. The LNH-80 protocol schedule comprised three phases: (1) induction with three courses of an intensified CHOP-Bleo (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vindesine, methylprednisolone, and bleomycin); (2) consolidation with cytarabine, followed by high-dose methotrexate and folinic acid rescue, then asparaginase; and (3) final intensification with two courses of CVAP-Bleo (cyclophosphamide, teniposide, cytarabine, methylprednisolone, and bleomycin). CNS prophylaxis included one injection of methotrexate during each induction course and the drugs of the consolidation phase. In cases of initial CNS localization, cranial radiotherapy was added. Eighty-four patients (87%) went into complete remission (CR), 18 (21%) of whom relapsed, usually during the phase of treatment or within 6 months of completing chemotherapy. Sixty-three patients are alive with an overall median follow-up of 24 months. The median survival time and the median disease-free survival have not been reached, and the survival curve seems to have plateaued at above 60%. There was no statistical difference between intermediate-grade ML (CR 90%, relapse 18%) and high-grade ML (CR 84%, relapse 24%). The toxicity of this treatment is mainly encountered during the induction phase: almost all patients had short-term neutropenia, less than 0.500 g/L in 57, with a documented infection in 25. Overall treatment-related mortality was 6%, with four patients dying during the induction phase.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Intensive timed chemotherapy protocol for 37 resistant or relapsing acute myeloid leukemias.

Thirty-seven patients with acute myeloid leukemia in relapse or at initial diagnosis but resistant to conventional induction regimen have been treated by single-cycle timed sequential chemotherapy, including continuous infusion of cytarabine over 72 hours on Days 1-3 and 8-10 and short injections of daunorubicin on Days 1-3. There were 21 complete remissions (56%), 11 failures, and five early deaths. For responders, median durations of complete remission and survival were 7 and 12 months, respectively.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Severe quantitative bone marrow insufficiency: results of treatment with high-dose antilymphocyte serum].

Nineteen patients with severe aplastic anaemia were treated with 21 courses of horse antithymocyte globulins (ATG). Changes in haematological parameters were correlated with ATG dosage. One of the 11 patients who received less than 100 mg/kg is still alive after more than 12 months. One of the 10 patients who received more than 100 mg/kg died of infection; in the remaining 9 patients, treatment resulted in increase or even return to normal of haemoglobin, polymorphonuclear and platelet levels. None of these 9 patients relapsed during a median follow-up of 16 months (range: 7 to 35 months). Immediate drug tolerance and serum sickness were unrelated to ATG dosage. These results confirm the therapeutic effectiveness of antithymocytic globulins in severe aplastic anaemia; they also suggest that 150 mg/kg doses are required to obtain satisfactory and long-lasting results.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

[Ineffective cortico-sensitive erythropoiesis in 2 young adults].

A 21 year-old man and a 17 year-old woman presented with severe anemia of unknown etiology. The bone marrow aspiration showed many erythroblasts which were morphologically normal, but there was no reticulocytosis; the 59Fe kinetics were typical of a major ineffective erythropoiesis. A rapid and total improvement occurred following steroid treatment. In the first case, there was a transient and cortico-responsive thrombocytopenia before and after the anemia and in the second case, the antiglobulin test was sometimes weakly positive. An immunological disturbance against the late erythroblasts is likely. Perhaps these case are not very different from those reported as "hemolytic anemia with reticulocytopenia".

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Highly malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Treatment by intensive sequential chemotherapy].

Sixty-two patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (diffuse mixed, diffuse large cells, non-cleaved small cells (Burkitt-like), immunoblastic, lymphoblastic and other non-epidermotropic T lymphomas) were treated by intensive sequential chemotherapy combining heavy induction treatment (modified CHOP-Bleo), sequential consolidation treatment (cytosine arabinoside and thioguanine, then high-dose methotrexate and L-asparaginase) and final reinforcement (CVAP-Bleo). Complete remission was achieved in 59 patients (95%); 11 patients (18%) relapsed. Two patients died during the induction phase and one failed to respond. Two patients died of an unrelated disease while in complete remission. Blood toxicity was tolerable and treatment could be conducted without problems in most cases. The median survival cannot be reached with a 14-months follow-up, but the survival rate seems to plateau at 70%. The only two prognostic factors identified were poor general condition and high serum lactate dehydrogenase levels.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1983

Serum levels of ketoconazole in bone marrow transplanted patients.

Seven patients with acute leukemia were treated by allogenic bone marrow transplantation from HLA matched sibling. The conditioning regimen was classical using cyclophosphamide and Total Body Irradiation, followed by methotrexate. All patients were given ketoconazole (400 mg per day in a single dose) as antifungal prophylaxis for 6 months. Serum ketoconazole levels were measured using the inhibition assay of mycotic culture in gelose, and they were studied at 0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h after ketoconazole ingestion, and repeated serially after bone marrow transplantation. In these transplanted patients, absorption of ketoconazole could be delayed, with the maximum levels at 4 h or 6 h after ingestion. Most measurements showed appropriate levels (maximum levels greater than 1 mg/l) even after the third week post transplantation. With the exception of severe acute GVH disease (1 patient), the ketoconazole absorption was adequate in minor or mild GVH disease (6 patients) and in chronic GVH disease (2 patients). In four patients ketoconazole absorption was compared with gut absorption tests (Schilling's test, Iron absorption test, xylose test): In all patients the maximum serum levels of ketoconazole were correct, even in three patients with abnormal gut absorption tests. In this series, no life-threatening mycotic infection occurred, and the three deaths observed showed no mycotic infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Prolonged survival in adults with acute myeloid leukemia treated with BCG immunotherapy].

Between november, 1974 and june, 1977, 64 adult patients with acute myeloid leukaemia in remission were divided at random into two treatment groups: chemotherapy alone (n = 32) or chemotherapy plus B.C.G. (n = 32). Fresh B.C.G. from the Pasteur Institute, Paris, was administered once a week, two or three times per month, in the intervals between chemotherapy cycles, using the Heaf-gun method. The duration of the first remission was significantly increased in the group receiving B.C.G. (median duration 685 days versus 390 days: p = 0.03 on log rank test) as was the overall survival (median duration of survival 1.471 days versus 554 days: p = 0.01). Second remissions were more frequent in the B.C.G. group (79% versus 42%; p = 0.014). In addition, prolonged survival was more frequent in the B.C.G. group, where 12/32 patients remained in first remission between 3 and 6 years, as against 5/32 in the chemotherapy group.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[An empirical combination of antibiotics used in aplasias during chemotherapy for acute malignant hemopathies (author's transl)].

Continuous infusion of amikacin, cotrimoxazole and carbenicillin was the second empirically established combination of antibiotics used when fever occurred during the induction phase of chemotherapy in sixty-five patients (58 acute myeloid leukemias, 5 acute lymphoid leukemias, 2 non Hodgkin lymphomas). Clinical evidence of infection was available in 25 cases and the infection was bacteriologically documented in 19 cases. Therapy was successful in 57 patients (89%). When infection was clinically or bacteriologically documented tha success rates were 92 and 82% respectively. The average length of treatment was ten days. In 25 patients receiving 2 g of amikacin in continuous infusion, the mean serum concentration was 15,9 micrograms/ml; in 17 patients receiving 3 g, the mean serum concentration was 19,4 micrograms/ml.

Adult↗