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Biomedical subjects

D Guthrie

Publications and source records attributed to D Guthrie.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity: possible role of digoxin in its prevention.

Twenty-nine patients with gynaecological cancers who received over 400 mg of doxorubicin were monitored electrocardiographically to determine whether cardiac glycosides countered the adverse effects of high total doses of doxorubicin. Minor electrocardiographical changes were noted in five out of six patients who were not receiving a cardiac glycoside and four out of six who were receiving ouabain, and none of the 16 who were receiving digoxin. One other patient on digoxin stopped taking it and developed cardiomyopathy. One patient on ouabain also developed cardiomyopathy. So far nine patients on digoxin have received between 550 and 1000 mg/m2 of doxorubicin without ill effect. Cardiac glycosides are thought to prevent doxorubicin cardiomyopathy by competitively inhibiting doxorubicin at its receptor sites, but ouabain has a much shorter half life than doxorubicin and its metabolites and so is less effective than digoxin.

Digoxin↗
PubMed1977

The early development of autistic children.

A sample of 74 young autistic children was selected and defined by direct observation of specific behaviors and clinical assessment of the presence or absence of associated pathological conditions. Retrospective developmental data on these children and 38 age-matched normal children were gathered by means of a written inventory completed by the parents when the children were relatively young (mean age less than 4 years). The autistic children were reported to have had significant delays in the development of motor abilities, speech, communication, comprehension, and, to a lesser extent, perception during their 1st and 2nd years.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1977

Differential responses to prenatal malnutrition among neonatal rats.

Female rats were fed (A) protein-restricted diet 1 month prior to mating and throughout pregnancy, or (B) protein-free diet during 10-20 days of pregnancy. At birth, four parameters of the offspring, body weight, cerebral weight, cerebral DNA, and cerebral protein were well correlated with each other, and were significantly lower than in the controls fed stock diet. The malnourished population had on the average 30-70% "outstanding low" individuals (parameter values more than 2 SD below the mean of the control); this is 13-20 times more than in the control. Even in malnourished populations a certain number of individuals escaped malnutrition (parameter values not lower than the mean of the control): they appear to be those which in normal populations would be well above the average. These individuals escaped malnutrition not by taking advantage of their littermates: the latter, though malnourished, were still better than the average in the malnourished group. The mechanisms by which some of the malnourished females differentially provide enough nutrients for one of their fetuses, and more than the average for its littermates, may involve differential mobilization of maternal nutrient among individual mothers, as well as differential blood supply to individual placentas or placental transfer to individual fetuses.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed1977

Carbamazepine as an anticonvulsant in children.

Forty-five children with major motor or psychomotor seizure disorders were treated with carbamazepine in place of sedative anticonvulsants (phenobarbital, primidone) because of chronic behavioral difficulties. A batter of measures believed to reflect attentional and perceptual abilities was administered initially and repeated 4 to 6 months later following the drug crossover. At the conclusion of the study, 37 of the 45 children were judged to be drug "successes"; that is, general alertness and attentiveness were improved, while seizures were adequately controlled. This study indicates that therapeutic regimens of carbamazepine are less likely to interfere with mental functions in children than are equivalent doses of sedative anticonvulsants.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Suboptimal pregnancy outcome among women with prior abortions and premature births.

Data from 25,958 consecutive UCLA deliveries were analyzed to determine the effect of prior abortions and premature births on current pregnancy outcome. Perinatal death rate, combining stillbirths and neonatal deaths, increased more than threefold among women with at least one prior premature in birth and at least one prior abortion and approached 18 per cent of current deliveries when there were three or more prior premature births. Abnormal live births, defined as infants with either birth weight under 2,501 grams, gestational age less than 37 weeks, or congenital anomalies, significantly increased as the number of prior abortions and premature births increased, each in a range of 0 through 3 or more. For example, among women with at least three prior premature births, there were greater than 50 per cent abnormal live births. The risk was mostly that of low birth weight and low gestational age, although there was a slight increase in congenital anomalies. The risk was reduced considerably when there were previous term births and was influenced variably by race, clinic classification, maternal illness, and prior pregnancy complications. This empirical data on pregnancy outcome should be useful in reproductive counseling among women with pregnancy losses and premature births.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1975

Immunotherapy of non-clinical vaginal cancer.

In six women who had had a hysterectomy and three or more vaginal smears positive for malignant cells but no symptoms, a course of immunotherapy, based on delayed hypersensitivity reaction to dinitrochlorobenzene, was tried. Repeat smears done every three months have all been normal, and the patients were well when last seen 2-35 months after treatment.

Dinitrochlorobenzene↗