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Biomedical subjects

D Guthrie

Publications and source records attributed to D Guthrie.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Family stress with chronic childhood illness: cystic fibrosis, neuromuscular disease, and renal disease.

Parents of children with neuromuscular disease (N = 16), cystic fibrosis (N = 16), and renal disease (N = 11) were compared with parents of control subjects matched by age to the clinical cases; the instrument used was the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress (QRS). The three clinical groups exhibited different patterns of stressful response, consistent with the nature of their illnesses and the requirements for care imposed on the families. Parents of children with neuromuscular disease reported a wide spectrum of problems, both qualitatively and quantitatively different from those experienced in the other two clinical samples. Parents of children with cystic fibrosis also experienced extensive stress, but less than anticipated. Parents of children with renal disease reported stress in only a few areas, in keeping with the nature of the disease. The relationship between severity of functional impairment from cystic fibrosis and QRS scales was examined and found to be equivocal. The 285-item and 66-item versions of the QRS were compared and judged to be appropriate for different situations (research vs. clinical screening).

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1986

The retardation of aging in mice by dietary restriction: longevity, cancer, immunity and lifetime energy intake.

We sought to clarify the impact of dietary restriction (undernutrition without malnutrition) on aging. Female mice from a long-lived strain were fed after weaning in one of six ways: group 1) a nonpurified diet ad libitum; 2) 85 kcal/wk of a purified diet (approximately 25% restriction); 3) 50 kcal/wk of a restricted purified diet enriched in protein, vitamin and mineral content to provide nearly equal intakes of these essentials as in group 2 (approximately 55% restriction); 4) as per group 3, but also restricted before weaning; 5) 50 kcal/wk of a vitamin- and mineral-enriched diet but with protein intake gradually reduced over the life span; 6) 40 kcal/wk of the diet fed to groups 3 and 4 (approximately 65% restriction). Mice from groups 3-6 exhibited mean and maximal life spans 35-65% greater than for group 1 and 20-40% greater than for group 2. Mice from group 6 lived longest of all. The longest lived 10% of mice from group 6 averaged 53.0 mo which, to our knowledge, exceeds reported values for any mice of any strain. Beneficial influences on tumor patterns and on declines with age in T-lymphocyte proliferation were most striking in group 6. Significant positive correlations between adult body weight and longevity occurred in groups 3-5 suggesting that increased metabolic efficiency may be related to longevity in restricted mice. Mice from groups 3-6 ate approximately 30% more calories per gram of mouse over the life span than did mice from group 2. These findings show the profound anti-aging effects of dietary restriction and provide new information for optimizing restriction regimes.

Aging↗
PubMed1986

Lower Purkinje cell counts in the cerebella of four autistic subjects: initial findings of the UCLA-NSAC Autopsy Research Report.

As part of an autopsy research project, the brains of four autistic subjects were examined and compared with those of three comparison subjects without CNS pathology and one with phenytoin toxicity. The cerebellum was selected for initial investigation because pathognomonic symptoms and neurophysiological measures suggest that pathology may exist in the cerebellar-vestibular axis in certain patients. Total Purkinje cell counts were significantly lower in the cerebellar hemisphere and vermis of each autistic subject than in the comparison subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Self-monitoring of blood glucose: an important adjunct to diabetes therapy.

Therapy for diabetes mellitus, especially type I diabetes mellitus, is changing rapidly. Several developments and discoveries have contributed to this change. Most important, the data relating to the relationship between vascular disease and neuropathy and control of blood sugar and the developments in monitoring of glucose control have had a major impact on concepts of therapy. The development of new and purer insulins and new delivery systems have also improved diabetic control. The major concept that has evolved in recent years has been that the vascular disease and neuropathy of diabetes are related to control of the blood glucose and, therefore, it is important to deliver insulin in a physiologic way that duplicates the pattern of control found in nature. Techniques to better accomplish this goal are now evolving.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1985

Relation between raised concentrations of fucose, sialic acid, and acute phase proteins in serum from patients with cancer: choosing suitable serum glycoprotein markers.

Serum concentrations of fucose, sialic acid, and eight acute phase proteins were measured in single specimens from patients with cancer in order to determine whether the raised concentrations of protein bound sugars commonly found in cancer correlate with increased concentrations of the acute phase proteins. Strong positive correlations were found only with alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and haptoglobins. Changes in protein bound sugars and acute phase proteins were also examined in relation to patients' disease states. Serum fucose was raised more often in patients with advanced disease than in those in whom the spread of the tumour was more restricted; increased sialic acid concentrations, however, were found with a similar frequency in both these groups. Combined use of fucose and sialic acid values gave a high degree of marker positivity which could be only slightly improved on by including measurement of acute phase proteins. The combined use of serum fucose and sialic acid concentrations may have value in monitoring patients with cancer: the sialic acid provides an index of the acute phase response and the fucose a measure of the tumour spread.

Acute-Phase Proteins↗
PubMed1985

Chemotherapy of cervical cancer.

Chemotherapy of cervical cancer is a difficult problem. The cancer is chemosensitive but the ability to express that chemosensitivity may be modified by previous radiotherapy and inadequate renal function. Regimens are available which will produce remissions with increase in survival in patients with advanced disease. The use of cisplatin-containing regimens is limited to a select group of patients in whom renal function is adequate. Details of recommended regimens have been given within this chapter. When all else has failed, bromocriptine 2.5 mg twice daily may produce long remissions but unfortunately only in a small percentage of patients. In the future chemotherapy will be used more frequently in the initial management of the patient prior to potentially curative surgery or radiotherapy in the hope of improving overall survival.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1984

Event-related potential concomitants of information processing dysfunction in schizophrenic children.

ERPs were recorded from 10 schizophrenic and 13 normal children during the performance of the Span of Apprehension task (Span). This task involves the discrimination of a randomly placed target letter among distractors, and it has been shown to discriminate between normal and schizophrenic individuals. The EEG was recorded at 7 scalp loci, and ERPs were averaged over a 1500 msec interval initiated by a warning tone which preceded the visual Span stimuli by 500 msec. Stimulus arrays were grouped into 4 levels of difficulty. The data from both subject groups were combined in a single principal components analysis (separate PCAs exhibited few differences between groups) generating 8 rotated factors which were readily interpreted in terms of conventional ERP components. Factor scores for the two groups were examined using Analysis of Variance. The schizophrenic children produced a small CNV which was slow to develop and resolve as well as diminished amplitudes for the N1, P3 and slow wave components. This suggests that these children are impaired in their ability to regulate processes involved in the mobilization and direction of attention and the discrimination of target stimuli. Significantly, the schizophrenic children did not show progressive increases in N1 and SW amplitudes in response to increases in information processing demand (array difficulty) as was the case in the normal children. ERP components of the schizophrenic children were most aberrant at frontal leads, but midline and lateralized deficits were also seen at vertex and posterior recording sites.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

A study of 656 patients with "early" ovarian cancer.

Six hundred fifty-six patients with epithelial ovarian cancer that had been totally excised macroscopically were analyzed with the intention of providing information for a prospective randomized trial of adjuvant therapy. No deaths occurred in patients with tumors of borderline malignancy or those with stage Ia(i) well-differentiated tumors and hence adjuvant therapy was not justified in these patients. Survival of patients with clear cell carcinoma was poor, irrespective of stage. No statistically significant difference was found between the various modalities of adjuvant treatment, but those patients who had no further treatment after primary surgery had a significantly better survival. No obvious factors were found to account for this result. It is concluded that a "no adjuvant treatment" group must be included in any prospective study.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Serum enzyme changes during chemotherapy for ovarian cancer.

Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LD), gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma GT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities have been measured in 105 patients with ovarian cancer for periods of up to 4 years. The extent of the disease was assessed at laporotomy according to the FIGO classification. Chemotherapy was started one week after surgery, at which time 25% of patients had elevated LD, 29% elevated gamma GT and 21% elevated ALP. Of 51 patients who went into complete remission, 4% still showed elevated LD, 25% elevated gamma GT and 12% elevated ALP. Reactivation of tumour growth was apparent in 32 patients; there was a significant increase in the serum LD, gamma GT and ALP activities when remission and recurrence were first detected in 65%, 50% and 35% of patients respectively. With 14 patients, there was an unexplained increase in the activity of one or more of the enzymes 1-6 months prior to recurrence being detected; these changes may predict that chemotherapy is losing effect. During long-term remission, serum LD was increased in patients suffering from urinary tract infection or bladder dysfunction.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1982

Cyclic GMP in urine to monitor the response to ovarian cancer to therapy.

Guanosine 3':5'-phosphate (cycle GMP) in urine has been used to monitor the response of patients with ovarian cancer to treatment. Changes in the cyclic GMP level appear to correlate well with clinical status in that the disappearance of clinically detectable tumour is associated with a drop in the level whereas a tumour recurrence is associated with an elevation. Serially measured cyclic GMP is valuable for detecting a recurrence of tumour growth in patients in clinical remission and can predate any clinical signs by as much as 10 months. In patients who show no response to treatment, cyclic GMP levels in urine are elevated in the majority of specimens collected.

Creatinine↗