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Biomedical subjects

D Green

Publications and source records attributed to D Green.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Relationship between blood flow, bone structure, and 239Pu deposition in the mouse skeleton.

The rate at which blood is supplied to several bones in female CBA mice was calculated from 18F measurements in bone and blood. Blood flow measurements were compared with plutonium uptake in whole bone and on endosteal and periosteal bone surfaces. The results showed that: (a) the rate at which blood is supplied to bone determines the rate of deposition of plutonium; (b) there is a threshold rate of blood supply below which plutonium is not deposited; and (c) the rate of blood supply determines the density of plutonium deposition on endosteal but not no periosteal bone surfaces. These results are discussed in the light of the current bone blood supply hypotheses.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

A comparison of convergent and bi-plane X-ray photogrammetry systems used to detect total joint loosening.

X-ray photogrammetry is an accurate method of measuring structural displacements within the musculoskeletal system. Total joint implant alignment, migration and loosening are important clinical parameters which can be measured by X-ray photogrammetry. The purpose of this paper is to compare two different X-ray photogrammetry systems which are being used to study total joint parameters. The Seattle system uses a convergent geometry and the Cleveland system a bi-plane geometry. The accuracy of the two systems was compared by individually measuring the relative motion produced in an articulated plastic model. The model was designed to simulate the relative motion which can take place between the bone and a loose implant. The displacements of the model components were determined physically and photogrammetrically, and the error in the measurements was calculated for several conditions. Both systems measured relative component motion in the model with a root mean square error of 0.1 mm or less. In clinical use stainless steel markers are implanted in human subjects, and both systems measure distances with a r.m.s. error of 0.2 mm or less. The ease of usage, efficiency and flexibility of the two systems based on actual clinical experience reveals strengths and weaknesses in each which should be recognized when selecting a particular system.

Ankle Joint↗
PubMed1982

The relative efficacy of four methods of human milk expression.

In view of the current trend toward increased breast-feeding, both of normal term infants as well as sick or premature infants, a successful means for milk expression in order to establish and maintain lactation is of major importance to the mother. The present study was designed to evaluate four methods of milk expression, measuring the amount as well s the fat content of milk expressed by each method during a 10-min period. The four methods included the Egnell electric pump, the Loyd B pump, the Evenflo system, and manual expression. The electric pump enabled mothers to express significantly more milk with adequate fat content during the expression period than any of the other methods tested. No significant differences were found between the other three methods. The Egnell or similar electric pump may be a preferred method for milk expression for some mothers, particularly those anticipating a prolonged need for pumping.

Dietary Fats↗
PubMed1982

Maternal pemphigus vulgaris with in vivo bound antibodies in the stillborn fetus.

A 42-year-old black woman, gravida V, para IV, developed a recurrence of pemphigus vulgaris in the third trimester of pregnancy. She delivered a 2,056-gm stillborn female fetus in the seventh month, 2 days after ultrasonography had demonstrated absence of fetal cardiac activity and other evidence of intrauterine fetal death. The macerated fetus had peeling of its skin and an intact bulla on the foot. Fetal cardiac blood, obtained after delivery, showed the presence of pemphigus antibodies at a titer of 20. Direct immunofluorescence of fetal skin demonstrated IgG in the epidermal intercellular spaces. Autolytic changes of the skin, however, precluded definitive histologic documentation of acantholytic disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Pemphigus foliaceus: a case with serologic features of Senear-Usher syndrome and other autoimmune abnormalities.

The two variants of superficial pemphigus, pemphigus erythematosus (Senear-Usher syndrome) and pemphigus foliaceus, share common histopathologic and indirect immunofluorescence findings. They differ in that pemphigus erythematosus is limited in distribution and usually has concomitant basement membrane zone deposition of immunoglobulin and complement in lesional skin in addition to intercellular space staining in the epidermis, whereas pemphigus foliaceus is a generalized process that reputedly lacks basement membrane zone staining. A 49-year-old man with an array of immunologic abnormalities, including pernicious anemia and Sjögren's syndrome consistent with broad immunologic dysfunction, developed generalized superficial pemphigus (pemphigus foliaceus) with concomitant basement membrane zone immunoreactant deposition. The demonstration of basement zone immunofluorescent staining lends additional support to the basic viewpoint that pemphigus erythematosus and pemphigus foliaceus are variable phenotypic expressions of the same basic disease process.

Autoimmune Diseases↗
PubMed1982

Deep vein thrombosis in spinal cord injury: effect of prophylaxis with calf compression, aspirin, and dipyridamole.

Twenty-eight consecutive patients with acute spinal cord injury were randomised to one of two regimens for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis (DVT): external pneumatic calf compression (EPCC, 15), or EPCC combined with aspirin, 300 mg bid, and dipyridamole, 75 mg tid (ASA/dip, 13). DVT, detected by the 125I-fibrinogen test and impedence plethysmography, was confirmed by contrast venography. The incidence of DVT in the total group was 33 per cent, significantly less than the 78 per cent observed in 37 untreated patients studied previously (p less than 0.001). DVT developed in six of 15 patients receiving only EPCC, and three of 12 on ASA/dip as well as EPCC (p less than 0.1). The untreated patients studied earlier had significantly increased circulating platelet aggregates, increased platelet affinity for collagen, and elevated factor VIII activities, which generally coincided with the development of DVT (usually 7-9 days after injury). Prophylaxis partially prevented these coagulation abnormalities and delayed the onset of thrombosis. While the differences in the haemostatic parameters between those not treated with ASA/dip and those receiving these agents were not statistically significant (except for the platelet-collagen affinity), there was a trend toward less elevated values in the drug-treated patients. We conclude that spinal cord injury patients are at extreme risk for DVT, and have abnormal platelet and factor VIII activities. Prophylaxis with EPCC significantly and safely reduces the risk of DVT in these patients.

Aspirin↗
PubMed1982

Dominant lethal and ovarian effects of plutonium-239 in female mice.

In two separate experiments (C3H x 101)F1 female mice were injected intravenously with 239Pu in trisodium citrate, then mated in pairs to strain CBA males, to test for dominant lethality. In the first experiment 10 muCi kg-1 and in the second 20 muCi kg-1 body mass was injected. Matings were after 6 days in the first experiment (estimated ovarian absorbed dose of 0.1 Gy) and after 3, 6 or 12 weeks in the second (estimated ovarian doses of 1.11, 2.45 and 5.91 Gy respectively). No evidence of dominant lethal induction was found in the first experiment, but in the second there was a significant increase over controls in pre-implantation loss in all three series. Post-implantation lethality increased significantly (by 12 per cent) only after 12 weeks' exposure. With the 6- and 12-week exposures (especially the latter) luteal counts fell and fewer females became pregnant than in controls. This is attributed to oocyte killing by the alpha-particles. Histological and autoradiographic investigations showed a marked reduction in ovarian size and follicular numbers with fission-tracks clustered mainly over the medullary stroma. The pre-implantation loss may stem from lowered fertilization of oocytes because of their damage, so that the best measure of dominant lethality is that based on post-implantation death. Thus there is only slight evidence for the induction of genetic damage, which is in line with previous findings after chronic exposures of female mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Uranium in bone: metabolic and autoradiographic studies in the rat.

The distribution and retention of intravenously injected hexavalent uranium-233 in the skeleton of the female rat has been investigated using a variety of autoradiographic and radiochemical techniques. These showed that approximately one third of the injected uranium is deposited in the skeleton where it is retained with an initial biological half-time of approximately 40 days. The studies also showed that: 1 Uranium is initially deposited onto all types of bone surface, but preferentially onto those that are accreting. 2 Uranium is deposited in the calcifying zones of skeletal cartilage. 3 Bone accretion results in the burial of surface deposits of uranium. 4 Bone resorption causes the removal of uranium from surfaces. 5 Resorbed uranium is not retained by osteoclasts and macrophages in the bone marrow. 6 Uranium removed from bone surfaces enters the bloodstream where most is either redeposited in bone or excreted via the kidneys. 7 The recycling of resorbed uranium within the skeleton tends to produce a uniform level of uranium contamination throughout mineralized bone. These results are taken to indicate that uranium deposition in bone shares characteristics in common with both the 'volume-seeking radionuclides' typified by the alkaline earth elements and with the 'bone surface-seeking radionuclides' typified by plutonium.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Use of computed axial tomography to diagnose vascular ring in an infant.

Computed axial tomography was performed in an infant with severe respiratory distress. A right aortic arch and paratracheal density was visualized, suggesting a vascular ring. Angiography confirmed a right aortic arch, mirror-image branching, and a left patent ductus arteriosus.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1982

Psychosocial effects of gastric reduction surgery for obesity.

A sample of 44 patients who had undergone gastric reduction surgery for severe obesity responded to a questionnaire asking about psychosocial changes after the surgery and about their reactions to the weight loss and to previous weight reduction methods. Subjects reported substantial weight losses accompanied by reduced food intake and normalization of eating patterns; increases in physical and social activities; more positive relationships with others, including sexual functioning; and more positive self-perceptions in a number of areas. All were glad that they had had the operation and saw it as more successful than other methods of weight control. In light of the social pressures encouraging people to lose weight and the general lack of success of nonsurgical weight reduction methods, it is likely that this procedure will be increasingly widely used, although its long-term effects have not been studied.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Classic gout in Hageman factor (Factor XII) deficiency.

A 62-year-old man with a typical history of gout was admitted to the hospital with left-sided hemiplegia. His serum uric acid level was 10.3 mg/dL, his partial thromboplastin time was 198 s, and his Hageman factor (factor XII) coagulant activity and antigen were less than 1% of normal. Aspiration of synovial fluid from his inflamed knee disclosed urate crystals and abundant leukocytes but an absence of Hageman factor antigen. The presence of acute gouty arthritis in a patient with Hageman trait challenges the role of Hageman factor in the pathogenesis of gouty arthropathy.

Extremities↗
PubMed1981

Hemophilic bleeding evaluated by blood pool scanning.

The technique of blood pool scanning was used to examine 15 hemophilic subjects. Employing an in vivo method for erythrocyte labeling with Technetium-99 m, a dynamic perfusion sequence is obtained using a scintillation camera positioned over the area to be examined. This demonstrates the vascularity of the tissue. Subsequently, equilibrium blood pool images of the area are obtained and analyzed with a densitometer to assess relative regional blood volume. In patients who were not bleeding but had chronic arthropathy, vascularity was not increased, and the blood volume of comparable joints was similar. By contrast, marked increases in vascularity and image density were observed in studies of acutely bleeding joints. Chronic hemarthroses were associated with persistent, but less marked increases in joint perfusion. Transient increases in joint vascularity were demonstrated after insertion of knee prostheses. In a patient with a thigh hematoma, the dimensions of the hemorrhage were clearly delineated. Since only a tracer dose of nuclide is infused intravenously, there are no allergic reactions or other side effects of the procedure. Blood pool scanning is a safe, non-invasive technique that augments clinical and radiographic evaluations, and provides a new dimension in the assessment of the hemophilic patient.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1981

A survey of 215 non-hemophilic patients with inhibitors to Factor VIII.

Information was obtained by questionnaire about 215 non-hemophilic patients who developed inhibitors against factor VIII (antihemophilic factor). The majority of the patients were over 50 years of age, and approximately equal numbers of males and females were reported. Rheumatoid arthritis was present in 8% of the cases, 7% occurred during pregnancy or the post-partum period, and in several there was an association with allergy to penicillin, asthma, "auto-immune" diseases, or malignancy. In 46% of cases, no underlying disorders were identified. Major bleeding was observed in 87% of patients, and in 22%, death was attributed either directly or indirectly to the presence of the inhibitor. In 11 of 31 patients receiving no therapy other than supportive transfusions of blood or factor VIII concentrate, the inhibitor disappeared after being present for an average duration of 14 months. Corticosteroids were thought to be effective in abolishing the inhibitor in 22 of 45 patients in whom these were the only drugs administered. Twenty-eight patients received azathioprine as well as corticosteroids; in 19, the inhibitor declined or disappeared during treatment. Finally, 80 patients were treated with cyclophosphamide; in 37 there was a favorable outcome. Inhibitors in children and post-partum patients were more likely to disappear spontaneously or with steroid therapy, whereas those in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or other "autoimmune" disorders required treatment with alkylating agents. However, before any specific therapy can be recommended for this disorder, prospective trials of potential therapeutic agents should be conducted in selected subgroups.

Adolescent↗