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Biomedical subjects

D Gray

Publications and source records attributed to D Gray.

266 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

HLA class II induction in human islet cells by interferon-gamma plus tumour necrosis factor or lymphotoxin.

HLA class II molecules are surface glycoproteins which are essential in the initiation of immune responses. It has been postulated that induction of class II in epithelial cells such as endocrine cells, which are normally class II negative, may result in autoimmunity. In type I diabetes, islet beta cells, the target of the autoimmune process, selectively express class II antigens. But in contrast to most other cell types, islet beta cells are not stimulated to express class II by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and thus the conditions under which this induction occurs have been particularly elusive. The cytotoxins tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin (LT) synergize with IFN-gamma in a number of activities. We report here that IFN-gamma in combination with either TNF or LT induces islet cell class II expression. This finding has important implications for the pathogenesis of type I diabetes and the understanding of the differential control of class II expression.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using telecommunication technology to manage children with diabetes: the Computer-Linked Outpatient Clinic (CLOC) Study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of using a telecommunication system to assist in the outpatient management of pediatric patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. Metabolic control, patients' psychosocial status, family functioning, perceived quality of life, patterns of parental/child responsibility for daily diabetes maintenance, and nursing time-on-task were evaluated. One hundred six pediatric patients (mean age = 13.3 years) were randomly assigned to an experimental or control outpatient clinic for 1 year. Experimental subjects transmitted self-monitoring blood glucose data by modem to the hospital every 2 weeks. Transmitted data were reviewed by nurse practitioners who telephoned subjects to discuss regimen adjustments. Control subjects received standard care with regimen adjustments made by physicians. There were no significant between-group differences for metabolic control, rates of hospitalization or emergency-room visits, psychological status, general family functioning, quality of life, or parent-child responsibility. A significant decrease was noted in nursing time-on-task for experimental subjects.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A clinical evaluation of the Transfoam mattress after 4 years.

It is recognized that pressure-reducing foam mattresses can be of benefit in the prevention of pressure sores but it is also recognized that more information is required to demonstrate their long-term efficacy (Cullum et al, 1995). It is therefore necessary to evaluate the pressure-reducing capabilities of this type of mattress some years after purchase to evaluate if in fact it can maintain its initial level of performance. This article presents the results of one such study carried out 4 years after the purchase of Transfoam mattresses.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The new QUATTRO PLUS mattress replacement system.

Since the early development of alternating pressure air mattresses (APAMs) there have been regular alterations in design. These designs have led to improved reliability and performance. This article outlines the changes made by Talley Medical to the QUATTRO PLUS replacement mattress. Improved safety features and design modifications continue the process commenced many years ago which has seen the use of alternating pressure air mattresses become widespread throughout the UK.

Beds↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pressure ulcer prevention and treatment: the Transair range.

The Transair range has been updated as a result of clinical and technical advances. The Transair 500 cushion system utilizes foam and air technology to minimize disturbance to the user. Clinical trials suggest that this cushion is of benefit in both the prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers. The Transair 1001 alternating pressure air overlay and the Transair 2002 mattress replacement have both been revised to provide improved performance and both have been subjected to clinical trials. The results of these trials suggest that both have a role in the prevention and treatment of pressure sores in the individual in the high/very high risk group. This article examines these innovations in the Transair mattress and seating systems.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Twenty years' experience of myocardial infarction: the value of a heart attack register.

Registers of disease serve a multitude of purposes, but are of particular importance to those interested in audit, in monitoring the introduction of new treatment or training programmes, in health service research, and in the planning of hospital services. The Nottingham Heart Attack Register has been in operation since 1973 and is proving to be an important data source. We present a brief history of the Register, describe how to set up a disease register and demonstrate how it can be of value to a wide range of health service staff using examples from our experience.

Emergency Medical Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Healthful new oil from macadamia nuts.

Fatty acid profiles were obtained for macadamia nut oil and several other cooking oils. Macadamia nut oil contained the highest level (79%) of monounsaturated fatty acids. Macadamia nut oil is low (4%) in the omega-6 fatty acid 18:2n-6 and saturated fatty acids. Fatty acid profiles for popcorn cooked in several oils were obtained for comparison because of public awareness and concern over high levels of saturated fat found in popcorn sold in theaters. The nutritional implications of using macadamia nut oil are discussed.

Fatty Acids↗