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Biomedical subjects

D Gordon

Publications and source records attributed to D Gordon.

At least 361 records · Page 20Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Cognitive vulnerability in children at risk for depression.

Cognitive, developmental, and psychodynamic theories all hypothesize that negative self-concepts acquired in childhood may induce vulnerability to depression. Children at risk because of maternal major affective disorder, compared with children of medically ill and normal mothers, were examined for evidence of negative cognitions about themselves, and were found to have more negative self-concept, less positive self-schemas, and more negative attributional style. It was further predicted that negative cognitions about the self would be related to maternal depression and chronic stress, and to the quality of perceived and actual interactions with the mother. In general, the predicted associations were obtained, supporting speculations about how maternal affective disorder is associated with stress and with relatively negative and unsupportive relationships with children that in turn diminish children's self-regard.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Percutaneous coil embolization in the management of peripheral mycotic aneurysms.

Traditional surgical treatment of a peripheral mycotic aneurysm has included emergency ligation and bypass. Occlusion of vessels just proximal and distal to a mycotic aneurysm can be safely accomplished via percutaneous embolization with coils. Surgery can be performed electively in a non-infected field. Coils can be placed near the site of vessel disruption minimizing loss of collateral flow.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Tissue-specific expression of the RI and RII sodium channel subtypes.

Anti-peptide antibodies that distinguish between the rat brain sodium channel subtypes referred to as RI and RII were prepared and used to determine their relative expression in nerve and muscle tissues. Sodium channels purified from rat brain are approximately 18% RI and 80% RII. In brain, the RII subtype is preferentially expressed with RI/RII ratios ranging from 0.07 in the hippocampus to 0.17 in the cerebral cortex. The RI subtype is preferentially expressed in more caudal areas of the central nervous system with values of RI/RII of 0.98 for medulla oblongata and 2.2 for spinal cord. Expression of additional unidentified sodium channel subtype(s) is detected in midbrain, medulla, and spinal cord, and expression of unidentified sodium channel subtypes predominates over expression of RI and RII in retina and optic nerve. The RI and RII subtypes are primarily expressed in the central nervous system and are not detected in significant numbers in skeletal or cardiac muscle, sympathetic ganglia, adrenal medulla, sciatic nerve, or cauda equina. The RII subtype appears first in development of both brain and spinal cord but declines in adult spinal cord as the RI subtype increases. The strict regional expression of these two sodium channel subtypes suggests that they may have distinct functional properties or physiological roles.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Dose-response relationships for adrenocorticotrophin-induced hypertension in man.

Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), given as long-acting Synacthen depot (Ciba-Geigy), at 1000 micrograms/day, in divided doses 12 hourly, is known to increase blood pressure in man. Fifty micrograms/day of short-acting Synacthen given intravenously produced a rise in blood pressure and may be a threshold dose. Twelve hourly intramuscular injections of short-acting Synacthen over the dose range 100-400 micrograms/day was not sufficient to raise blood pressure.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1987

Acute haemodynamic and hormonal effects of oral doxazosin in normal subjects.

Haemodynamic and hormonal effects of doxazosin, a long-acting alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist (2 mg) were compared with placebo in six normal men. Doxazosin at 2 mg produced lower supine systolic blood pressure and plasma cortisol concentration than control at 4 h only, but these changes were not sustained. Both supine and standing pulse rate were increased by active drug after 6 h. In this acute study doxazosin did not affect plasma renin or aldosterone concentrations.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1987

Renal effects of gastrin C-terminal tetrapeptide (as pentagastrin) and cholecystokinin octapeptide in conscious rabbit and man.

Pentagastrin and cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8) were infused i.v. at three different doses in two sets of 4 conscious rabbits following a repeated measurements design (130, 1,300 and 13,000 pmol kg-1 min-1 pentagastrin; 5, 50 and 450 pmol kg-1 min-1 CCK8). In man, two different doses of pentagastrin (13 and 65 pmol kg-1 min-1) were infused in two groups of 6 subjects, and CCK8 (2 pmol kg-1 min-1) in a third group. According to published human postprandial levels, plasma CCK8-like immunoreactivity concentrations were supraphysiological at all doses infused. In the rabbit, pentagastrin produced a dose-related fall in urine flow and free water clearance, but no significant change in systemic and renal haemodynamics, electrolyte excretion and measured plasma constituents; however, in human subjects, pentagastrin increased renal sodium excretion and reduced potassium excretion but did not change glomerular filtration rate. In the rabbit, CCK8 produced a dose-related fall in plasma renin activity, plasma calcium concentration and mean arterial blood pressure; dose-dependent increases in effective renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate and renal sodium excretion. In man, changes in sodium and potassium excretion similar to pentagastrin were observed; there were no significant changes in plasma renin activity, plasma calcium concentration, blood pressure, effective renal plasma flow or glomerular filtration rate. The pharmacological renal effects of pentagastrin in conscious water-loaded rabbits resemble vasopressin. In contrast, CCK8's most striking effect was vasodilatation and was unusual in inhibiting rather than stimulating renin release. In man the net changes in urine composition found during infusion of these peptides are similar to those produced by the potassium-sparing diuretics, amiloride and triamterene. However the generally weak renal effects observed, even at pharmacological doses, indicate that these peptides are unlikely to influence renal function under normal physiological conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Maternal affective disorders, illness, and stress: risk for children's psychopathology.

Stressful circumstances that covary with maternal affective disorder may account for some of the risk to children for psychological dysfunction. Children (ages 8-16) of mothers with unipolar or bipolar disorders were compared with children of mothers who had chronic medical illness and children of normal mothers. Comparisons included Kiddie-SADS (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia) diagnoses and evaluations of behavior problems, school functioning, and social competence. Compared to the other groups, children of mothers with affective disorder (especially unipolar) had high rates of diagnosis. With the effects of chronic stress statistically controlled, psychosocial outcome variables showed fewer differences between groups but indicated particular impairment for children of unipolar mothers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

ACTH deficiency: hypothalamic or pituitary in origin?

The level within the hypothalamic-pituitary axis at which isolated ACTH deficiency occurs, can be more clearly identified by assessing this axis with corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and insulin induced hypoglycaemia. We report a case where lack of response to both tests, suggests a pituitary origin for this rare endocrine deficiency.

Adrenal Cortex Function Tests↗
PubMed1987

The parallel effects of a very low molecular weight heparin (CY222) on anti Xa activity and thyroid hormone levels in blood.

A very low molecular weight heparin fragment (CY222) was administered by subcutaneous injection to a group of normal volunteers. This drug caused increased anti Xa activity with peak levels being observed two hours after injection. This coincided with changes in thyroid hormone levels especially with a fall in red cell thyroxine levels. Larger doses of CY222 caused a fall in serum total thyroxine and triiodothyronine, a rise in free thyroxine and a fall in TSH levels. It was thought that these findings may be due to the production of a circulating inhibitor of cellular uptake of thyroxine and that this might be related to the elevated levels of serum free fatty acids produced by the heparin.

Factor X↗
PubMed1987

Growth hormone deficiency.

Growth hormone deficiency is relative, not absolute. Conventional stimulation tests of hGH release do not recognise some children who will benefit from hGH treatment and it is probably justified, at this point, undertaking a six month trial of hGH in all short children who are growing slowly (less than 4 cm/yr). Accurate anthropomorphic measurements are therefore obligatory. Most hGH deficient children (both idiopathic and secondary to cranial irradiation) have hypothalmic dysfunction as the cause of the deficiency. Treatment with hGH is most efficacious if given in frequent divided doses and GH-RH can also be used to treat some patients. Patients with Turner's syndrome and possibly other conditions associated with short stature may benefit from hGH treatment.

Child↗
PubMed1987

A study of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal suppression following curative surgery for Cushing's syndrome due to adrenal adenoma.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was investigated in all six patients requiring glucocorticoid replacement 2.5-11 years after unilateral adrenalectomy for adrenal adenomas causing Cushing's syndrome. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis was assessed by insulin induced hypoglycaemia and CRF testing in each patient. Two patients showed normal cortisol and ACTH responses to hypoglycaemia. Two patients showed subnormal cortisol responses to hypoglycaemia in the presence of high or normal basal ACTH concentrations. ACTH concentrations increased with both hypoglycaemia and CRF. Two patients showed subnormal cortisol responses to hypoglycaemia and CRF. One of these patients showed an ACTH rise following hypoglycaemia but not CRF. Defects at either hypothalamic-pituitary or adrenal levels were demonstrated and recovery of the axis appears to commence at the hypothalamic-pituitary level.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1987

HHF35, a muscle-actin-specific monoclonal antibody. I. Immunocytochemical and biochemical characterization.

A monoclonal antibody to muscle cell actin isotypes was produced and characterized. Immunocytochemical analysis of methanol-Carnoy's-fixed, paraffin-embedded human tissue revealed that this antibody, termed HHF35, reacts with skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and myoepithelial cells, but is nonreactive with endothelial, epithelial, neural, or connective tissue cells. When assayed by indirect immunofluorescence, HHF35 reacts with microfilament bundles from various cultured mammalian smooth muscle cells, but does not react with cultured human dermal fibroblasts or various epithelial tumor cell lines. In one-dimensional gel electrophoresis immunoblot experiments this antibody detects a 42-kd polypeptide from tissue extracts of uterus, ileum, aorta, diaphragm, and heart and extract from smooth muscle cells. The antibody also reacts with a comigrating 42-kd band of highly purified rabbit skeletal muscle actin. HHF35 is nonreactive on immunoblots of extracts from all tested nonmuscle cell extracts. Immunoelectrophoresis followed by immunoblotting performed in the presence of urea and reducing agents reveals recognition of the alpha isoelectrophoretic variant of actin from skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle sources and of the gamma variant from smooth muscle sources. Because HHF35 reacts with virtually all muscle cells, it will be useful as a marker for muscle and muscle-derived cells.

Actins↗