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Biomedical subjects

D Goldberg

Publications and source records attributed to D Goldberg.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

The recognition of psychiatric illness by non-psychiatrists.

Psychiatric illness occurs commonly during the course of medical and surgical illnesses, and commonly presents to non-psychiatric physicians inextricably mixed with physical symptoms. Non-psychiatrists vary widely between themselves in their ability to detect such disorders, so that such disorders are often missed. Reasons for failure to detect such disorders include the diagnostic practices taught in medical schools, the inadequacy of psychiatric taxonomy of neurosis, and the fact that most doctors have not been taught how to interview their patients.

Empathy↗
PubMed1983

Modulation of fluoropyrimidine metabolism in L1210 cells by L-alanosine.

L-Alanosine, an analogue of aspartic acid which inhibits the conversion of inosine monophosphate to adenosine monophosphate (AMP), was evaluated in L1210 cells as a modulator of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) and 5-fluorouridine (FUrd) metabolism. L-Alanosine resulted in increased intra-cellular levels of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP), enhanced FUra metabolism to ribonucleotide derivatives, and resulted in more FUra residues incorporated into RNA. Sequential addition of L-alanosine and FUra also resulted in synergistic cytotoxicity as determined by soft agar cloning. Adenine antagonized these biochemical and biological effects of L-alanosine. L-Alanosine also augmented the rate at which FUrd was metabolized and was also associated with a greater incorporation of the FUra residues into RNA. Cytotoxicity after sequential L-alanosine and FUrd was also synergistic. The mechanism by which L-alanosine altered the metabolism of FUrd, however, was different from the way in which it enhanced FUra metabolism in that aspartic acid and not adenine was able to reverse the effects of L-alanosine on FUrd metabolism and cytotoxicity. L-Alanosine appeared to augment the RNA-directed activity of FUra and FUrd in that there was no correlation between the enhanced metabolism and cytotoxicity of these two fluoropyrimidines and either levels of fluorodeoxyuridylate (FdUMP) which inhibits thymidylate (TMP) synthetase or inhibition of the ability of cells to incorporate deoxyuridylate into acid-precipitable material.

Adenine↗
PubMed1983

Labelling and drug effects in the treatment of neurotic affective disorders: an experimental investigation.

This study investigates the effects of assigned diagnostic labels, with their accompanying predictions of therapeutic response, and prescribed psychotropic drugs. It was thought that such 'labelling' effects might be important in ambiguous situations, such as neurotic anxiety-depressive states, where diagnoses of 'reactive depression' or 'anxiety state' might justifiably be made and treatment with either diazepam or nortriptyline legitimately given. The depression label and its concomitant two-weekly prediction of improvement with antidepressants produced a set towards slower response with higher self-report depression. Nortriptyline produced significantly more improvement in self-report depression than diazepam in the first 2 weeks of treatment. No significant interaction effects were detected between diagnosis or drug. One month after the initial diagnostic evaluation there were no significant effects from either diagnostic label or drug.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Current sickle cell screening program for newborns in New York City, 1979-1980.

The newborn screening program mandated by the New York State Public Health Law requires that every baby born in the state be tested for eight conditions including sickle cell anemia. Although sickle cell screening of newborns has been in operation since 1975, the follow-up program for case retrieval to obtain repeat blood samples for definitive diagnosis and referral of diagnosed patients for ongoing medical care was established only in 1979. Of the 106,565 blood samples tested in New York City Newborn Screening Laboratory, March 1, 1979 to February 29, 1980, 141 infants were identified on repeat blood testing as having various forms of sickle cell disease (SS, SC and S beta-Thalassemia) and were referred for ongoing medical care. Data received on 131 patients from follow-up clinics revealed that the disease diagnosis made by the Newborn Screening Laboratory was confirmed in all patients. There were no deaths reported among the study patients (131 infants) followed for the period of 8-20 months despite the life-threatening complications among eight patients. Binomial distribution of the data on Black infants according to the Hardy-Weinberg equation showed reasonable agreement between the observed and computed incidence of various forms of sickle cell disease.

Anemia, Sickle Cell↗
PubMed1982

Ability of primary care physicians to make accurate ratings of psychiatric symptoms.

The ability of 45 family practice residents to make accurate ratings of psychiatric symptoms among their patients was assessed by comparing their ratings with the symptom levels of their patients as reported on a psychiatric screening questionnaire. The findings confirmed an earlier survey with experienced primary care physicians by showing that ability to make accurate ratings is partly determined by interview style, and partly by certain personality attributes. Self-confident, outgoing physicians with high academic ability tend to make more accurate assessments, as do those who display certain specified behaviors during their diagnostic interviews. The tendency to make many, or to avoid making psychiatric assessments ("bias") is shown to be determined by different factors from those that determine accuracy of the assessments.

Family Practice↗
PubMed1982

Steps in the phosphorylation of the high mannose oligosaccharides of lysosomal enzymes.

The phosphomannosyl recognition marker of acid hydrolases, which mediates their translocation to lysosomes, has been shown to be synthesized in two steps. First, N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate is transferred to an acceptor mannose by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase, resulting in a phosphate group in diester linkage between the outer N-acetylglucosamine and the inner mannose. Next, an a-N-acetylglucosaminyl phosphodiesterase removes the N-acetylglucosamine, leaving the phosphate in monoester linkage with the underlying mannose residue. This exposed phosphomannosyl residue serves as the essential component of a recognition marker which leads to binding to high-affinity receptors and subsequent translocation to lysosomes. We propose that the first enzyme in this scheme, N-acetylglucosaminylphosphotransferase, catalyses the initial, determining step by which newly synthesized acid hydrolases are distinguished from other newly synthesized glycoproteins and thus are eventually targeted to lysosomes. The absence of this enzyme activity, as in inclusion-cell (I-cell) disease and pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy, precludes the receptor-mediated targeting of newly synthesized acid hydrolases to lysosomes. As a consequence, the enzymes are secreted into the extracellular milieu.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Electrophysiologic effects of procainamide on sinus function in patients with and without sinus node disease.

To compare the effects of procainamide on sinus node (SN) function in the presence (seven patients) and absence (nine patients) of SN dysfunction, sinus cycle length (SCL), maximal corrected sinus recovery time (maximal CRST), paced cycle length yielding peak SN suppression (PCLp), and indirect sinoatrial conduction time (SACT) were determined before and after intravenous administration of 10 to 15 mg/kg procainamide in each patient. Plasma procainamide concentration was in the therapeutic range in all patients. The mean SCL did not change significantly in either group (-24 +/- 58 and -73 +/- 171 msec for patients with normal and abnormal SN function, respectively). The maximal CSRT shortened 136 +/- 112 msec (p less than 0.01) in the group with normal SN function (nine of nine patients)( but tended to lengthen 85 +/- 95 msec (p less than 0.10) in the group with SN dysfunction (six of seven patients). PCLp shortened in only two of nine of the normal group but tended (NS) to shorten in five of seven patients with SN dysfunction. We conclude that in the absence of SN disease, procainamide does not adversely affect SN function. In apparent contrast in patients with SN dysfunction, procainamide tended (NS) to prolong CSRT and seemed (NS) to enhance conduction in the sinoatrial junction (PCLp and SACT both declined). The occasional lengthening of CSRT implies that procainamide might prolong post-tachycardia pauses and thus could worsen symptoms in certain patients with the bradycardia-tachycardia syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Calcium phosphate metabolism and bone disease in patients with homozygous thalassemia.

Calcium and phosphate metabolism were studied in 22 patients with homozygous thalassemia. The overall results showed no significant difference for serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, immunoreactive parathyroid hormone, or 25-hydroxyvitamin D between thalassemic and control children. However, during the winter, serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels were very significantly decreased in thalassemic children. A study of the hands showed thin metacarpal cortices related to increased resorption. Histomorphometric study of four iliac bone biopsies showed normal osteoclastic resorption and decreased bone formation. Prussian blue staining and x-ray electron microprobe analysis showed iron deposits inside the bone. Whether this finding is critical in the pathogenesis of the bone disease in unknown.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Measurement of anxiety in psychotherapy process research.

A new technique designed to measure a patient's anxiety during a psychotherapeutic interview is described. Videotaped recordings were made of interviews between 2 psychotherapists and 6 patients. The anxiety levels experienced by the patients during the interview were measured in three ways. One therapist signalled his recognition of a patient's changing anxiety levels and his interventions to manipulate the patient's anxiety during the interview. Subsequently, the 2 therapists and 6 patients made independent retrospective ratings while viewing a recording of the interview. Significant agreement was found between three sets of ratings and the results suggest that the technique may be of value in psychotherapy process research.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1981

Red head.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Female↗
PubMed1980

A comparison of two different services treating schizophrenia: a cost-benefit approach.

This study compares the clinical and social outcome for 2 cohorts of patients who had a first admission for schizophrenia 4 years earlier. One cohort was treated in a psychiatric unit attached to a teaching district general hospital (DGH)(T)), while the other was treated at an area mental hospital (AMH) with modern rehabilitation facilities. The clinical outcome for the 2 cohorts was broadly similar, but the DGH(T) imposed less of a strain on relatives, and was associated with less unmet need. The DGH unit tended to have significantly shorter durations of stay for its patients, so that its total hospital costs were less than those for the AMH despite higher unit costs. The cost-benefit analysis shows that, where these particular patients are concerned, the DGH(T) unit is economically superior to the AMH despite the fact that it supports a large teaching staff, and that these economic advantages are accompanied by various non-monetary advantages.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗