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Biomedical subjects

D Giuliani

Publications and source records attributed to D Giuliani.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Chromium-51 dosimetry of lymphocytes labeled incidentally during nuclear medicine procedures.

Conventional dosimetry based on MIRD procedure fails to consider the localized energy deposition from the radionuclides decaying by the emission of Auger electrons. The cellular dosimetry of human peripheral blood lymphocytes labeled with 51 Cr, an Auger electron emitter, was calculated. Conventional dosimetric calculations reveal a dose of 0.024-0.17 rad/h/tube. In contrast the lymphocyte dose ranged from 0.053-0.339 rad/h with projected cumulative values of 51-324 rad for surviving lymphocytes.

Chromium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1985

Clinical decision making in chemical dependence treatment: a programmatic model.

Chemical dependence treatment has traditionally been based on either an inpatient or outpatient model. With the current emphasis on cost effectiveness, these separate approaches are being intensively scrutinized. Recent studies suggest that not all chemically dependent patients can be treated with the same model and that patient characteristics other than chemical of abuse are significant factors in retention and outcome. A program model is presented which takes into consideration clinical decision making based on patient characteristics, intensity of care and treatment modalities.

Decision Making↗
PubMed1984

Platelet-associated IgG in hepatitis and cirrhosis.

Increasing evidence is accumulating which indicates that immunological abnormalities contribute to the development of liver disease and its signs and symptoms. Platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) levels were quantified in 42 patients with biopsy-proven liver disease of various etiologies to determine the relationship of thrombocytopenia to immunologic abnormalities in these disorders. Five of six nonthrombocytopenic patients with acute viral hepatitis B had elevated PAIgG. Six of ten patients with chronic active hepatitis had elevated PAIgG and thrombocytopenia. In contrast, only one of six patients with chronic persistent hepatitis had elevated PAIgG. Nine of ten patients with alcoholic hepatitis had elevated PAIgG; seven of the nine were thrombocytopenic. Seven of ten alcoholic patients with cirrhosis had elevated PAIgG; six of seven were thrombocytopenic. Thus the increase in PAIgG may be present without thrombocytopenia in acute liver injury, while patients with chronic persistent hepatitis do not usually exhibit this abnormality. Severe chronic active liver disease is accompanied by thrombocytopenia and an increase in PAIgG levels.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1984

Circulating immune complexes and platelet IgG in various diseases.

Correlation between platelet associated IgG (PAIgG), platelet count, and plasma polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitable IgG immune complex (IC) like material was tested in normal subjects and patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and various types of liver disease. Elevated IC were observed in 27% and 22% of ITP and recovered ITP, respectively. A significant inverse correlation between platelet count and PAIgG was demonstrable in the ITP group. A significant direct correlation between platelet count and IC was found only in SLE patients. Impaired reticuloendothelial cell (RE) Fc receptor function in SLE patients is suggested as a possible explanation for the data. If receptor function was normal in SLE patients, lower IC levels and lower platelet counts would have been expected.

Antigen-Antibody Complex↗
PubMed1983

Platelet-associated IgM levels in thrombocytopenia.

Platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) and IgM (PAIgM) levels were quantitated in patients with thrombocytopenias of various etiologies. 32 of 34 patients with immune thrombocytopenia had elevated PAIgG, 8 of the 34 patients had elevated PAIgM levels. Only 1 patient suffering from immune thrombocytopenia had elevated PAIgM with normal PAIgG levels. Elevated PAIgM was most often associated with elevated PAIgG except for the following: 2 patients with lymphoproliferative disorders, 1 patient with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, 1 patient with pernicious anemia, and 2 patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. PAIgM determinations may prove to be a useful adjunct for evaluating patients with thrombocytopenia, particularly those in whom the PAIgG is not elevated.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1983

Platelet associated IgG in uremia.

Platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) levels, a useful adjunct for the evaluation of patients with immunologic mediated thrombocytopenia, were obtained in 36 patients with end stage renal disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Twenty-five of the 36 had elevated PAIgG. Nine of the 36 were thrombocytopenic and only 3 of the 9 had elevated PAIgG. Fifteen patients in the group admitted to recent substance abuse. All but one had elevated PAIgG and only one patient was thrombocytopenic. In contrast to patients with idiopathic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), a direct relationship was not found between PAIgG and total platelet protein (TPP) in the uremic group. It can be concluded that PAIgG values in patients with uremia are difficult to interpret since elevated PAIgG values are found in the majority of uremic patients with normal platelets counts.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1982

A rapid quantitation of platelet-associated IgG by nephelometry.

Platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) was measured by a simple rapid nephelometric technique using washed solubilized platelets and commercially available, prestandardized reagents. Normal subjects with normal platelet counts had PAIgG levels of 2.1-6.7 fg/platelet. Subjects with idiopathic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) had levels of 7.2-43.3 fg/platelet. Ninety percent of ITP patients had values exceeding 2 SD units of the mean of normal subjects. Elevated values were also found in 17% of patients with recovered ITP, patients with SLE with and without thrombocytopenia, patients with thrombocytopenia occurring during septicemia, and patients with IGg myeloma. Results can be obtained within several hours of receipt of blood specimen, and are similar to the reports that used more complex techniques.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1981

Quantitation of platelet-associated IgG by radial immunodiffusion.

Platelet-associated IgG (PAIgG) was measured by a simple radial immunodiffusion technique using washed solubilized platelets and commercially available immunoplates. Subjects with normal platelet counts had PAIgG levels of 1.5--7.0 fg/platelet. Subjects with idiopathic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) had levels ranging from 5.7 to 70.5 fg/platelet. All patients with recurrent ITP and 85% of patients with acute ITP had elevated PAIgg. Elevated PAIgG was also found in 17% of patients with recovered ITP, 40% of patients with SLE and thrombocytopenia, 57% of patients with thrombocytopenia occurring during the course of septicemia, and 100% of patients with IgG myeloma in whom the serum IgG level was clearly elevated, regardless of the platelet count. The results are similar to reports that used more complex techniques.

Blood Platelets↗
PubMed1978

Erythrokinetics and ferrokinetics of a viral-induced murine erythroblastosis.

A variant of Rauscher leukemia virus, designated RLV-A, induced a slow progressive impairment of erythropoiesis in BALB/c mice. Identified in this study were a shortened red cell 51-cr half-time, anemia with indices showing minimal but significant hypochromia, ineffective erythropoiesis, and infiltration of the liver, spleen, and peripheral blood with erythroid pecursors. Ferrokinetic studies indicated a normal plasma iron turnover in infected mice but a decreased red cell iron turnover. Large amounts of 59Fe were taken up by the enlarged liver and spleen. Peak splenic heme 59Fe synthesis was delayed 12 hr in the infected mice. The substantial increase in the splenic intraerythrocytic nonheme iron pool and the hypochromic indices indicate a process analogous to that seen in the sideroblastic anemias. The disease produced by this RLV-A variant may prove useful for studying various aspects of the preleukemic sideroblastic anemias and DiGuglielmo syndrome.

Anemia↗
PubMed1977

Trauma as a stimulus to marrow regeneration in the osteosclerotic mouse.

Hemopoietic regeneration was studied in the tibia of mice rendered osteosclerotic by estrone injections. Trauma induced by fracture and periosteal damage was followed by a local hemopoietic response in both normal and osteosclerotic mice. Endosteal damage induced by drilling an artificial cavity in the osteosclerotic tibia was not followed by local hemopoietic regeneration, whereas in normal tibias similarly treated incomplete hemopoietic regeneration was observed. These studies indicate that trauma induced by fracture and periosteal damage is followed by a fairly uniform local hemopoietic regenerative response regardless of whether or not marrow is present in the traumatized bone. Creation of a simulated marrow cavity by drilling through osteosclerotic bone is an insufficient stimulus for hemopoietic regeneration in the mouse. New bone tissue was found to occupy the drilled shaft. This suggests that failure to regenerate hemopoietic tissue may be a consequence of insufficient bone resorption. A differential effect of trauma on endosteal and periosteal tissue is therefore postulated.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

B-HT 920-induced effects on rat feeding behaviour.

Wistar rats, deprived of food for 15 h, were injected with B-HT 920 and 20 min later presented with their normal diet in their individual home cages. The parameters considered were latency to feeding and food intake which was determined 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6 and 24 h later. B-HT 920 significantly reduced latency to feeding at 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg; food intake was increased by doses of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg 3 and 6 h after treatment and decreased by a dose of 1 mg/kg at 3 h. The amount of food eaten over a 24 h period by the various groups did not differ. At this time rats received a second injection of the drug at the same dosages, and preweighed food was presented again 20 min later. We confirmed that latency to feeding is lowered by B-HT 920 at 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, doses which also induced feeding in sated rats within the first half-hour and even after 1 h in the case of the highest dose. Since penile erection and stretching and yawning, signs typically induced by all DA D2 agonists, were observed after B-HT 920 at 0.05, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg, discussion centres on the possible mechanisms involved in the B-HT 920-induced effects.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Inability of (-)deprenyl to modify copulatory performance in the male rat, whether or not stimulated by the selective D2 dopamine agonist SND 919.

Intraperitoneal injection of the selective D2 dopamine agonist SND 919 (0.1 and 1 mg kg-1) significantly accelerated the copulatory behaviour of sexually-active rats, diminishing the number of mounts, intromissions and latency to ejaculation. Subchronic (-)deprenyl did not produce any significant effect on the copulatory behaviour of sexually-active and -inactive male rats or modify the sexual stimulation exerted on the same sexually-active rats by SND 919, when acutely injected at 1 mg kg-1.

Animals↗