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Biomedical subjects

D Gibbs

Publications and source records attributed to D Gibbs.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Augmentation of ACTH-releasing activity of synthetic corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) by vasopressin in women.

In order to study the interaction between vasopressin (VP) and hypothalamic corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) on the release of ACTH, VP and CRF were administered separately and in combination to normal cycling women. The combined hormones raised plasma ACTH levels higher than the sum of the separate responses and 5 times more than CRF alone. This study reveals for the first time synergism between VP and CRF in their ACTH releasing effects in humans.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1982

The nutritional status of the elderly.

Data are presented relating to the nutritional status of over 1500 elderly subjects seen in three community surveys. There was s decline in weight, arm circumference and skinfold thickness, and to a lesser extent in Quetelet's index (weight + height2), with advancing age. Haemoglobin levels declined with age in one area but not in the others, probably due to differences in nutritional state. Plasma protein and albumin concentrations showed no decline with age and were similar to values reported from younger subjects. Men who ate alone tended to have a poorer vitamin C and thiamine status than men whose meals were cooked or shared by another person, but no such difference was found among women; indeed, women eating alone had significantly higher leucocyte ascorbic acid levels.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

ESR.

The ESR is a long-established, simple, and reliable test. Results must be interpreted in the context of its known limitations. It is a preliminary sorting test in which an abnormal result may prompt further consideration and investigation. Normal results do not exclude serious physical disorders. During treatment it may provide some objective assessment of improvement or deterioration.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

The anatomy of neurons projecting to the corpus cardiacum from the larval brain of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.).

Retrograde cobalt filling followed by silver intensification revealed new features of the anatomy of neurons which project from the brain to the corpus cardiacum (CC) of the fifth instar larva of Manduca sexta. Filling via the fused nervi corporis cardiaci (NCC) I + II demonstrated four groups of cell bodies (Ia, Ib, II, and III) previously described by Nijhout (1975), plus three major axonal tracts (A, B, and C), and four previously unobserved areas of dendritic branching, dendritic fields (DF) 1, 2, 3, and 4. Tract C is unusual in that it originates from cell bodies on the side contralateral to the filled nerve, travels ventrally and crosses over to the ipsilateral side where it turns dorsally, forming a hook in the center of the brain. It then turns ventrally again to join with tract A. DF 1 and 2 are located ventrally on the ipsilateral and contralateral sides of the brain respectively. DF3 and 4 are situated in the dorsal protocerebrum, on the ipsilateral and contralateral sides respectively. Fills via the NCC III revealed one cell group (IV) and a fifth dendritic field (DF 5). Simultaneous fills of both the fused NCC I + II and the NCC III showed an overlapping of DF 1 and 5, indicating the possibility of synaptic connections between these two fields.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Template-directed synthesis and selective adsorption of oligoadenylates on hydroxyapatite.

Polyuridylic acid is adsorbed completely from aqueous solution by hydroxyapatite under conditions that permit template-directed synthesis of oligoadenylates in free solution. The yield of oligoadenylates is enhanced to almost the same extent by poly(U) in the presence or the absence of hydroxyapatite. Under very similar conditions small quantities of hydroxyapatite adsorb higher molecular-weight oligoadenylates selectively from a mixture of oligomers. On the basis of these results we propose a mechanism for prebiotic oligonucleotide formation in which selective adsorption on hydroxyapatite or some other immobilized anion-exchanging material plays a major role. Monomers are released from the surface for reactivation, while oligomers are retained in a protected environment by adsorption to the apatite surface.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1977

Excitatory effects of cholinergic, adrenergic and glutaminergic agonists on a buccal muscle of Aplysia.

The anterior extrinsic protractors in the buccal mass of Aplysia are symmetrical sheets of branching bundles of muscle fibers which form an electrical syncytium. The addition of potassium or cholinergic, adrenergic, and glutaminergic agonists to the sea water bathing medium produces contracture of the muscle. Strychnine and cholinergic or adrenergic antagonists all block contractures produced by cholinergic and adrenergic agonists but not those produced by potassium or glutamate. Iontophoretic application through microelectrodes of acetylcholine or dopamine anywhere on the muscle surface produced a graded depolarization of the membrane. By contrast, glutamate produces depolarization only at discrete membrane sites. Endogeneous contractions often appeared spontaneously or could be induced by drug exposure. ATP inhibits endogeneous contractions.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1977

Prothoracicotropic hormone in Manduca sexta: localization by a larval assay.

1. A new method for the assay of insect prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) is described, using fourth instar larvae of Manduca sexta. Larvae neck-ligated at a critical time to prevent release of PTTH from the head fail to undergo the next larval moult. Such ligated larvae moult to fifth instar larvae or larval-pupal intermediates after injection of brain homogenates from Manduca larvae, pupae or pharate adults. The degree of response is proportional to the concentration of brain homogenate injected. 2. The source of PTTH in the pupal brain is the dorsal region of the protocerebrum containing the lateral neurosecretory cells. Microhomogennates of single pieces of brain showed activity with this method. 3. PTTH activity in partially purified extracts is water soluable, stable to boiling for 10 min, and is destroyed by Pronase or trypsin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A two year global evaluation of the susceptibility of Candida species to fluconazole by disk diffusion.

The in-vitro activity of fluconazole against 46,831 yeast isolates collected over a two-year period from 57 laboratories in 33 countries worldwide was assessed using a disc diffusion method. Candida albicans was the organism isolated most frequently, accounting for 68.6% of the total number of isolates. C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C parapsilosis and C. krusei and Cryptococcus neoformans represented 9.9, 4.7, 4.3, 1.9, and 1.4% of isolates respectively during the 2 year period and rates varied markedly between countries. In 1999 data blood isolates represented 4.9% of all isolates and intensive care unit isolates represented 9.9%. In both the 1998 and 1999 data, 99% of C. albicans were fully susceptible (S) to fluconazole, and 95.6% of all species of yeasts tested were S or susceptible-dose dependent (S-DD) to fluconazole. No emerging trends of resistance were noted with any of the Candida spp. tested as 96% of all isolates retained susceptibility (S or S-DD) to this agent.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fluconazole orally dispersible tablets for the treatment of patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis.

The efficacy and tolerability of fluconazole orally dispersible tablets (ODT) in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis was evaluated in this multicentre non-comparative study. A total of 89 adults with signs and symptoms of oropharyngeal candidiasis were enrolled; 70 of whom completed therapy with fluconazole ODT 100 mg once daily for 7 - 14 days. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)/ AIDS-related complex was an underlying illness in 69% of patients (61). An antimicrobial and corticosteroid therapy was given in 52% (46) and 20% (18) of patients, respectively. Of the 60 patients who had baseline signs and symptoms of infection and a culture positive for Candida albicans, 90% (54) were cured or had improved at the end of therapy, and the fungal pathogen was eradicated in 19/57 (33%) patients. At the 4-week posttreatment follow-up, signs and symptoms of oropharyngeal candidiasis were absent in 73% (27/37) patients. The adverse events and laboratory abnormalities recorded during the study period were attributable to underlying illnesses rather than to fluconazole therapy. These results indicate that this novel dosage form of fluconazole is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

When a cane was the necessary complement of a physician.

Although Dr John Radcliffe's gold-headed cane, presented to the Royal College of Physicians in 1825, became well-known following the publication two years later of Dr William Macmichael's book, The gold-headed cane, little consideration has previously been given either to medical canes, or to the custom of cane-carrying by doctors in the 18th century. This article makes a brief assessment of medical canes within the social and historical framework of the period, and views Macmichael's book in its literary context, with mention of other relevant examples of books in this genre.

Canes↗