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Biomedical subjects

D Gardner

Publications and source records attributed to D Gardner.

106 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1971

Bilateral symmetry and interneuronal organization in the buccal ganglia of Aplysia.

Principles of functional organization of the bilaterally symmetric buccal ganglia of Aplysia were studied in 20 identified cells used as a reference population. Four of the identified cells (two in each ganglion) are multiaction interneurons, each of which innervates six identified ipsilateral follower cells, mediating cholinergic excitation to one cell and cholinergic inhibition to five others. Bilateral coordination is effected by common inputs to all four interneurons. Ipsilateral pairs of interneurons are electrotonically coupled and produce identical synaptic actions on their common follower population. This apparent redundancy of interneuronal action leads to feed-forward summation, eliciting amplified synaptic output from each interneuron pair.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT-guided transthoracic needle biopsy.

CT-guided biopsy of pulmonary and mediastinal lesions is safe and effective. It is most valuable in those cases in which fluoroscopic guidance is not possible due to resolution or anatomic consideration. CT guidance permits puncture of lesions as small as 0.5 cm, typically not seen fluoroscopically. Sensitivity of biopsy in malignant lung lesions in our series of 83 cases was 92%. Pneumothorax is the most frequent complication (10-60%) and requires chest tube insertion in 5-15% of patients.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Barriers to the implementation of management systems: lessons from the past.

There is a substantial body of evidence, both empirical and anecdotal, concerning factors associated with the success and failure of management systems. Given the increasing interest in management systems for occupational health and safety, quality, and the environment, it is worth looking at some of these factors in order to learn from them and plan for the future. One of the most comprehensive sources of information about factors that can make a management system succeed or fail lies in the material written about systems that improve the quality of products and services. Such systems were extremely widespread during the 1970s and 1980s but are now much less often cited or studied by Australian organisations. One of the reasons underlying the present relative lack of emphasis is that such programs, both here and overseas, experienced a failure rate of between 85% and 95%. While it may seem unlikely that occupational health and safety (OHS) and environmental management systems will experience similar failure rates, it is still worthwhile to look at what went wrong with other systems and to learn from these experiences.

Australia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using benchmarking to improve organizational communication.

Best practice refers to those practices that lead to superior performance in a company or enterprise relative to industry or international leaders. Benchmarking of those activities that are critical to organizational performance is an important part of the identification and implementation of best-practice approaches. This article looks at communication as one aspect in the development of best practice in the management of safety, environment, and quality. A number of barriers to effective communication are identified, and benchmarks for the evaluation of organizational communication are suggested.

Benchmarking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Integrating training systems for occupational health and safety, quality and environmental management.

Quality, occupational health and safety, and environmental issues are three key areas that, along with productivity and service, must be managed effectively. Organizations face the need to develop integrated systems for the management of these areas. As organizations increasingly need to seek efficiencies, one field in which such integration can bring considerable gains is training. The present paper examines how the requirements for training in different areas overlap and how an integrated training program may be developed.

Environmental Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Common data model for neuroscience data and data model exchange.

OBJECTIVE: Generalizing the data models underlying two prototype neurophysiology databases, the authors describe and propose the Common Data Model (CDM) as a framework for federating a broad spectrum of disparate neuroscience information resources. DESIGN: Each component of the CDM derives from one of five superclasses-data, site, method, model, and reference-or from relations defined between them. A hierarchic attribute-value scheme for metadata enables interoperability with variable tree depth to serve specific intra- or broad inter-domain queries. To mediate data exchange between disparate systems, the authors propose a set of XML-derived schema for describing not only data sets but data models. These include biophysical description markup language (BDML), which mediates interoperability between data resources by providing a meta-description for the CDM. RESULTS: The set of superclasses potentially spans data needs of contemporary neuroscience. Data elements abstracted from neurophysiology time series and histogram data represent data sets that differ in dimension and concordance. Site elements transcend neurons to describe subcellular compartments, circuits, regions, or slices; non-neuroanatomic sites include sequences to patients. Methods and models are highly domain-dependent. CONCLUSIONS: True federation of data resources requires explicit public description, in a metalanguage, of the contents, query methods, data formats, and data models of each data resource. Any data model that can be derived from the defined superclasses is potentially conformant and interoperability can be enabled by recognition of BDML-described compatibilities. Such metadescriptions can buffer technologic changes.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Comparison of two indices of glycemic control in diabetic subjects: glycosylated serum protein and hemoglobin.

Glycosylated serum protein (GSP) and glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) were measured in 263 insulin-dependent and 41 non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Both indices provided useful information in type II diabetes, but were extremely poor in judging control in type I diabetes. In both groups, there was poor correlation of the fasting serum glucose with either GSP or GHb. Only 4% of type I diabetic subjects had normal values for both GSP and GHb. Of subjects with elevated GSP, 98% had elevated GHb; 25% of subjects with elevated GHb values had normal values for GSP.

Age Factors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Necrotizing tracheobronchitis (NTB) following high frequency ventilation: role of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor.

The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (enalaprilat) on the morphologic manifestations of experimentally induced necrotizing tracheobronchitis (NTB). Twenty piglets were anesthetized before saline lung lavage. High frequency flow interrupter (HFFI) ventilation was used with a strategy known to produce NTB. Animals were randomly assigned to receive IV enalaprilat 0.1 mg/kg (ENP-Hi), enalaprilat 0.01 mg/kg (ENP-Lo), or saline (C). After 8 hours of ventilation, the piglets were sacrificed. Total airway injury scores (mean +/- S.D.) were 1.2 +/- 0.7 for ENP-Hi, 0.2 +/- 0.2 for ENP-Lo, and 21.3 +/- 16 for group C. Enalaprilat minimizes NTB lesions in neonatal piglets exposed to high frequency oscillatory ventilation. Although the origin of NTB is multifactorial, airway mucosa ischemia may play an important role. Enalaprilat may compensate for the reduction of mucosal blood flow by limiting formation of angiotensin II and/or preventing degradation of bradykinin.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The Iowa model: a proposed model for nursing administration.

The purpose of the Iowa Model is to serve both as a heuristic device and as a framework for articulating knowledge for nursing administration research, practice, and education. The model delineates two domains of knowledge (systems and outcomes), each with three levels (patient aggregates, the organization, and the health care system). Concepts useful for knowledge development are identified for each level. Practice, research, and curricular applications of the model are made.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Creating a resource database for nursing service administration.

In response to the current information explosion in nursing service administration (NSA), the authors felt a need to collect and organize available resources for use by their faculty and graduate students. An electronic database was developed to facilitate the use of the collected print and software resources. This article describes the creation of the NSA Resource Database from the time the need for it was realized to its completion. There is discussion regarding the criteria used for writing the database, what the database screens look like and why and what the database contains. The article also discusses the use and users of the NSA Resource Database to date.

Databases, Bibliographic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational health and safety management systems.

There is a need for OHS management systems that can be integrated with systems for the management of other organizational priorities including quality, environment, productivity, and the like. The present article presents an overview of the draft Australian/New Zealand Standard on Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems as a step toward the development of such integrated systems. This draft standard presents a five-stage process of OHS management. The five stages--commitment and policy, planning, implementation, measurement and evaluation, and management review and improvement--will create a cycle of activity that can lead to the continual improvement of processes and systems for OHS management in the workplace.

Australia↗